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Lesson I. Introduction
1. Definition of Animal Science
Animal science is defined as the art and science on the care and
management of animals dealing with the principles of breeding physiology,
feeding and nutrition in relation to production, processing research and marketing
of animal products for human benefits.
2. The important domestic animals and major economic contrition to man.
Species
Dog
Carabao (Water Buffalo)
Cattle with humps
Cattle w/o humps
Goat
Sheep
Swine
Chicken
Duck Muscovey
Mallard
Goose
Turkey
Quail
Horse
Rabbit
Swan
Guinea fowl
Scientific Name
Canis Familiaris
Bubalus Bubalis
Bos Indicus
Bos Taurus
Capra hircus
Ovis Aries
Sus domesticus
Gallus gallus
Cairina Moschata
Anas boschas
Anser anser
Meleagrio Gallapavo
Coturnix coturnix
Equus caballus
Oryctalagus cuniculus
Anser cygnoides
Lumida meleagris
designate ranks of organism in the hierarchy of the food chain or the nutrient cycle,
starting with the primary producers of organic matter (the plants) at the base. The
herbivores that eat plant products are the primary consumers, while the carnivores
are secondary consumers. Other carnivores can become tertiary consumers if they
happen to eat secondary consumers.
Agriculture and animal production goes together. Through the ages, from the
hunting and early domestication of animals to the present highly intensive food,
clothing and shelters. The domestication and the present modern production system
breeding to increase animal population has a negative impact on the environment.
Pollution has become a problem affecting man and other organisms. Animal waste
should therefore be properly managed for a wholesome ecosystem.
Lesson III. History and Development of Animal Science
Animal Science began during the Neolithic or New Stone Age when man
started to domesticate or tame wild animals in captivity. The domestication of wild
animal marked the first step forward the civilization of the most primitive tribes of
man. It was also the beginning of mans transformation from the savage to the
civilized way of life, from a normal hunter and wanderer to eventually an urban
dweller.
The care and management of animals started way back as cited in biblical times
when Noah placed all species of animals (male and female) in his arch before the
punishment by God of rain for 40 days and 40 nights. Cattle fattening was also
mentioned in the old testament, the return of the prodigal son where the king
ordered his servant to butcher the fattest calf for a feast in honor of his sons
homecoming.
Man domesticated animals to serve his needs for food, clothing, companionship,
assistance during his hunting activities, protection as alarm, for aid in crime solving,
as source of power for work and transportation, communication as object of worship
and offerings in various rituals and religious ceremonies. The dog was the first
animal to be tamed by man which started in the old world, followed by some
animals in the new world like the goat, sheep, pig, cattle, horses, carabao or water
buffalo and chicken.
From the domestication of animals, herding became indicative of the superiority
of one tribe over another. History shows that great livestock countries of the world
have been the most advanced in civilization and most powerful.
Through continuous selection and controlled mating through the years the
domesticated species of animals were tailored into better types to serve specific
purposes. These development were the results of experiences and research thru the
past years. The primitive types of animals with poor reproductive, slower growth and
poor carcass quality brought about by better housing, nutrition, breeding will as
cancan quality brought about by better housing, nutrition, breeding techniques and
none efficient control of diseases and parasites.
Domesticated animals, time, place and reason of domestication
Species
Dog
Probable Time
8000-9000 BP
Place
Old & New world
Goat
Pig
Sheep
8000-9000 BP
8000-9000 BP
6000-7000 BP
Old world
Old world
Old world
Major Reason
Protection,pet,
companion, hunting
Food & Clothing
Food & Sports
Food & clothing
Ancestors
Wolf and jackal
Wild goat
Wild Boar
Asiatic
urial
&
European mounflan
Cattle
Chicken
6000-7000 BP
5000-5500 BP
Horse
Duck
Goose
Turkey
4000-5000 BP
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Water
buffalo
2500 BP
Source:
Auroch
Jungle Fowl
Transpiration
Food & Feather
Food & Feather
Food & feather
Unknown