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1041 THEORY OF STRUCTURES

7 Hours / Week

14 Weeks

Unit 1

98 Hours
17 Hours

1.1 SLOPE AND DEFLECTION OF BEAMS


Deflected shapes of beams with different support conditions Flexural rigidity and stiffness of
beams- Derivation of differential equation of flexure Area moment method Mohrs theorem for
slope and deflection of beams Derivation of expressions for maximum slope and maximum
deflection of simple standard cases by area moment method for cantilever and simply supported
beams subjected to symmetrical UDL & point loads Numerical problems on slope & deflections at
salient points from first principles simple problems.
1.2 PROPPED CANTILEVERS
Definition of Prop Statically indeterminacy Prop reaction from deflection consideration SF &
BM diagrams by area moment method for UDL throughout span, central and non-central
concentrated loads.
Unit 2

15 Hours

2.1 FIXED BEAMS


Introduction to fixed beam sagging & hogging bending moments Determination of fixing
moments by area moment method standard cases Fixed beams subjected to symmetrical &
unsymmetrical concentrated loads and UDL SF & BM diagrams for supports at the same level
(sinking of supports at different levels not included) slope and deflection of fixed beams
subjected to symmetrical UDL & concentrated loads by area moment method only Problems.
2.2 ARCHES
Eddys theorem (no proof required) Line or resistance Actual & theoretical arches Different
types of arches 3 hinged arches segmental & parabolic arches problems with simple
symmetrical loading only.
Unit 3

20 Hours

3.1 CONTINUOUS BEAMS THEOREM OF THREE MOMENTS


Introduction Definition of indeterminate structures General methods of analysis of
indeterminate structures Clapeyrons theorem of three moments - statement Application of
Clapeyrons theorem of three moments for the following cases Problems on two span simply
supported ends one end fixed and the other simply supported simply supported with one end
overhanging Propped cantilever sketching of SFD & BMD for the above cases.
3.2 CONTINUOUS BEAMS MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD
Introduction sign conventions stiffness factor carry over factor Distribution factor
Application to continuous beams upto three spans & propped cantilever Problems Portal
frames symmetrical frames only (no sway correction) sketching BMD only for beams and frames.

Unit 4

16 Hours

4.1 COLUMNS AND STRUTS :


Columns and struts Definition short and long columns End conditions equivalent length
Slenderness ratio Axially loaded short column - Axially loaded long column Eulers theory of
long columns derivation for hinged end conditions other standard cases of end conditions
(separate derivations not required) problems Rankines formula derivation simple problems.
4.2 COMBINED BENDING AND DIRECT STRESSES :
Introduction Eccentric loading Effects of eccentric loading on structures in general and
short columns in particular combined direct and bending stresses maximum and minimum
stresses problems conditions for no tension Limit of eccentricity Middle third rule core or
kern of sections for square, rectangular and circular sections chimneys subjected to uniform wind
pressure chimneys of square & circular cross sections only problems.
Unit 5

17 Hours

5.1 MASONRY DAMS


Introduction derivation for maximum and minimum stresses stress distribution diagrams
Problems Factors affecting stability of masonry dams factor of safety problems on stability
minimum base width & maximum height for no tension Elementary profile of a dam Minimum
base width of elementary profile for no tension.
5.2 EARTH PRESSURE AND RETAINING WALLS
Definition Angle of repose state of equilibrium of soil Active and passive earth pressure
Rankines theory of earth pressure Assumptions lateral earth pressure with level back fill
level surcharge earth pressure due to soils Retaining walls with vertical back only maximum
and minimum stresses stress distribution diagrams problems stability of earth retaining walls
problems to check stability.
Revision & Test
Reference Books :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Theory of structures by S. Ramamrutham


Theory of structures by B.C. Punmia, Ashok Jain & Arun Jain
Statically Determinate Structures part 1 by R.S. Khurmi
Mechanics of structures (Vol.I) by S.B. Junnarkar
Analysis of structures by V.N. Vazirani & MM. Ratwani
Elementary theory of structures by R.L. Jindal
Strength of materials by FV. Warnock

13 Hours

1042 - HYDRAULICS
7 Hours/week
UNIT 1.

14 weeks

98 Hours
18 Hours

1.1 Introduction:
Hydraulics-definition-properties of fluids - mass, force, weight, specific volume,
specific gravity, specific weight, density, relative density, compressibility, viscosity,
cohesion, adhesion, capillarity and surface tension-dimensions and units of area, volume,
specific volume, velocity, acceleration, density, discharge, force, pressure and power.
1.2 Measurement of Pressure:
Pressure Pascals law of fluid pressure at a point types-static pressure, absolute
pressure, atmospheric pressure, vacuum or negative gauge pressure-intensity of pressure
and pressure and pressure head-conversion from intensity of pressure to pressure headformula and simple problems-measurement of pressure-atmospheric pressure-simple
mercury barometer-pressure measuring devices-peizometer tube-simple U tube
manometer-differential manometer-micrometer-problems1.3 Hydrostatic Pressure on Surfaces:
Pressure on plane surfaces-horizontal, vertical and inclined surfaces-total pressurecenter of pressure-depth of center of pressure-resultant pressure-practical applicationssluice gates, lock gates, problems.

UNIT - 2

18 Hours

2.1 Flow of fluids:


Types of flow steady and unsteady flow laminar and turbulent flow uniform flow
equation for continuity of flow (law of conservation of mass) Energy possessed by a fluid
body-Potential energy and potential Head-Pressure energy and Pressure Head-Kinetic
Energy and Kinetic Head- Energy equation Bernoullis theorem-problems-VenturimeterOrificemeter- simple problem.
2.2 Flow through orifices and mouthpieces:
Definitions types of orifices and mouthpieces with sketches small orifices vena
contracta and its significance hydraulic coefficients Cd, Cv and Cc-Simple problems- Large
orifice Definition Discharge formula derivation Drowned orifice Definition - formula for
finding the discharge of a fully submerged and partially submerged orifice simple
problems practical applications of orifices. Mouthpieces- types- External and internal
mouthpieces -Practical Cd values -Discharge formula and problems.

UNIT- 3
Hours

18

3.1 Flow through notches:


Definitions- Types of Notches rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal notches
Discharge derivation- Simple problems- Comparison of V-Notch and Rectangular Notch.

.
3.2 Flow through Weirs:
Definitions- Classifications of weirs- Discharge over a rectangular weir Derivation
simple problems End contractions of a weir Francis formula simple problems
Trapezoidal weir simple problems - Cippoletti weir Problems - Narrow crested weir Sharp crested weir with free over fall- Broad crested weir- submerged weir- Definition of
terms -Crest of sill, nappe or vein, Free discharge, drowned or submerged weirs,
suppressed weir Stepped weir Velocity of approach Spillways and Siphon spillwayDefinition.

UNIT- 4
Hours

18

4.1 Flow through pipes :


Definition of pipe-Losses in pipes Major losses- minor losses-, sudden
enlargement, sudden contraction, obstruction in pipes-simple problems - energy/head loses
of flowing fluid due to friction losses - Darcys equation -Chezys equation-Derivation Problems- transmission of power through pipes- Efficiency- Pipes in parallel connected to
reservoir- Discharge formula and simple problems.
4.2 Flow through open channels:
Definition-Classification-Rectangular and trapezoidal channel-Discharge-Chezys
formula, Bazins formula and Mannings formula- Hydraulic mean depth - -problemsConditions of rectangular/trapezoidal sections-Specific energy, critical depth-Conditions of
maximum discharge and maximum velocity-Problems-Flow in a venturiflume-Lining of
canals Types of lining-Cement concrete lining with sketches-Soil cement lining with
sketches-LDPE lining.

UNIT 5

18 Hours

5.1 Ground water:


Aquifer-Water table -Taping of availability of ground water - Open well - bore well
-Types of well construction - yield of a open well - Equation derivation - Specific capacity of
well -Test for yield of well Sanitary protections - No problems.
5.2 Pumps
Lifting of water Pumps Definition-classification of pumps-Positive displacement
Pumps and rotodynamic pressure pumps-Characteristics of modern pumps-maximum
recommend suction, lift, and power consumed-reciprocating pump-Advantages and
disadvantages construction detail and working principle types single acting and double
acting slip air vessels discharge and efficiency problems.

Centrifugal pump Layout - Construction details - Classification based on working head


static, manometric and total effective heads Based on type of casing - Volute and
diffusion casing - Based on relative direction of flow through impeller - Radial, mixed
and axial flows - Based on entrances of impeller single and double entry impeller

Fundamental equation of centrifugal pump Characteristics of a centrifugal pump


Discharge, power and efficiency - Problems specifications of centrifugal pumps and
their sections. Hand pump - Jet pump, deep well pump - Plunger pumps - Pump section
Piping system.
REVISION AND TEST

8 Hours

Reference :
1. Fluid Mechanics
K.L.Kumar
2. Fluid Mechanics
Bansal
3. Hydraulics & Hydraulic machines
P. Sankaran, DTE Publications
4. Hydraulics
Dr. Jagadish Lal
5. Hydraulic Machines
Dr. Jagadish Lal
6. Hydraulics Vol. I & II
V.B. Priyani
7. Hydraulics, Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics machines - R.S. Khurmi
8. Fluid Mechanics
Prof. S. Nagarathinam
9. Mechanics of fluids
- Dr. N.S. Govinda Rao
10. Fluid Mechanics
- Modi & Sethi

1043 - TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING


6 Hours/ Week

14 Weeks

84 Hours

A. ROADS
UNIT 1

16 Hours

1.1. Introduction
Terms and definitions Nagpur plan Ribbon development classification of
roads Requirements of an ideal road. Importance of roads in India List of
National Highways and state highways in Tamilnadu.
1.2. Technical features of a road
Road structure Road camber Super elevation Road gradient Sight
distances Curves Horizontal curves Vertical Curves types..
1.3 . Traffic Engineering
Traffic signals Advantages Types of road signals Purpose Traffic
surveys Express ways necessity and requirements - Grade Intersections
Grade separation Location Types. Road accidents causes of accidents Preventive measures.
1.4. Highway Surveys
Survey Reconnaisance survey Preliminary survey Location survey
Alignment Factors to be considered in alignment Highway realignment Projects
General Principles.
UNIT 2.

16 HOURS

2.1. Road Arboriculture


Introduction - Objects Selection of trees Location of trees Highway
lighting -Benefits.
2.2. Road Machineries
Tractors Dozers Ripper Scraper Grader Road roller Road laying
machinery.
2.3. Low Cost Roads
Earthern and gravel roads
Maintenance.- Soil stabilization.

Construction

details

with

sketches

2.4. Water Bound Mecadam Roads


Materials used Construction details with sketches Maintenance.
2.5. Bituminous Roads
Bitumen - Coal Tar Asphalt Cutback Emulsions-Test on bitumin
Flash and Fire point test Penetration softening point - Types of bituminous roads
Surface dressing Semi grouting Full grouting Bituminous concrete
Maintenance of bituminous roads.

2.6. Concrete roads


Classification of concrete road Constructional details Merits and demerits.
2.7. Hill roads
Factors considered in alignment Formation Hairpin bends- Drainage
Retaining and Breast walls.
B. RAILWAY
UNIT 3

16 Hours

3.1. Introduction
Introduction History Development Definition Classification of Indian
Railways - Gauges Broad gauge Narrow gauge Meter gauge Loading gauge
Construction gauge - Difficulties in having different gauges
3.2. Rails
General Rail function Types of Rail sections Comparison of rail sections
Kinds of rails Length of rails welding of rails Coning of wheels Bending of
rails Creep Wear of rails Hogged rails.
3.3. Sleepers and ballast
Functions of sleepers Types of sleepers Wooden, Cast Iron Prestressed
concrete sleepers Requirements of good sleepers Sleeper density Functions of
ballast Characteristics of good ballast Ballast materials.
3.4. Track fixtures, fastenings and plate laying
Rail joints Fish plates Fish bolts- Fang bolts- Hook bolts Rail chairs and
keys Bearing plates Blocks Spikes-Elastic fastenings- Anchors & Anti creepers
Plate laying Different methods - PQRS method of relaying .
3.5. Maintenance of track
Necessity Maintenance of track materials, Bridges & Rolling stocks.
UNIT 4

15 Hours

4.1. Points and Crossings


Purpose and definition of points and crossings - Turnouts Points and
switches Types of switches - Sleepers laid for Points and Crossings Types of
Crossings.
4.2. Stations and yards
Definition of station and yard Types of stations Wayside stations
Junctions and Terminal station Classification of yards Passenger yard Goods
yard Marshalling yard Level crossing.
4.3. Station equipments
General Engine sheds Water columns Drop pits Turnouts Turn
tables Triangles Buffer stops Fouling marks Sand hump Weigh bridges.
4.4. Signalling
Objects of signalling Types Classification according to location Special
signals Typical layouts Control of movement of trains Following train system

Absolute block system- Automatic signaling Pilot guard system Centralised traffic
control system.

4.5. Interlocking
Definition Essential principles of interlocking Methods of interlocking
Tappets and lock system and key system.

C. BRIDGES

UNIT 5

15 Hours

5.1. Introduction
Bridge definition Components of a bridge IRC loading Selection of type
of bridge Scour Afflux Economic span Waterway.
5.2. Site selection and alignment
Factors governing the ideal site selection Alignment of Bridges Points to
be considered .
5.3. Classification of bridges
Classification according to IRC purpose, Materials, Life, Float position,
Culverts and Cause ways Classification of Culverts with sketches Classification
of Causeway Condition to construct Causeway.
5.4. Foundation
Function of foundation Depth of Bridge foundation Different types of
foundation - Selection of foundation Control of ground water for foundation
Caisson foundation Coffer Dam.
5.5. Substructure
Piers Different types of Piers Abutments Types Wingwalls Types .
5.6. Superstructure
Types - Description Girder Bridges Balanced Cantilever bridges Continuous bridges Arched bridges Suspension Bridges Cantilever Bridges
Steel Arched bridges Rigid frame steel bridges Bowstring girder bridges
Continuous steel Bridges
5.7. Bridge bearings
Purpose of bearings Function Types of bearings & suitability.
REVISION & TEST

6 Hours

REFERENCE BOOKS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Roads, Railways & Bridges


Highways Engg.
Highways Engg.
Transportaion Engg.
Railway Engg.
Road Railways Bridge and Tunnel

T.D. Ahuja & G.S.Birdi


P.A. Krishnamoorthy.
S.K. Khanna
V.N.Vazrani & S.P.Chandala
S.C. Rangwala

Engg.
7. Railways Bridges and Tunnels

- B.L. Gupta
- D.L. Gupta, O.P. Supple &
O.P. Sharma

1044 - HYDRAULICS LABORATORY PRACTICE.


3 Hours/ Week

14 Weeks

Experiments

42 Hours

39 hours

1. Study of manometers and pressure gauges


2. Verification of Bernoullis theorem
3. Flow through Venturimeter Determination of Cd.
4. Flow through Orificemeter Determination of Cd.
Flow through orifice :
5. Determination of Cd by time and fall in head method
6. Determination of Cd by constand head method
Flow through external cylindrical mouth piece :
7. Determination of Cd by time and fall in head method
8. Determination of Cd by Constant head method
Flow through pipes :
9. Determination of friction factor for the given GI pipe /PVC pipe.
Flow through notch :
10. Determination of Cd for rectangular notch / V-notch
Pumps :
11. Centrifugal pump To draw characteristic curves
12. Reciprocating pump To draw characteristic curves.

Revision Test

3 hours

Reference Books :
1. Hydraulic Lab Manual Compiled by T.T.T.I., Chennai 113.
2. Experimental Hydraulic by Ghosh and Talapohia - published by Khanna Publishers, Delhi-6

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
Exam mark : 75 marks
Record mark : 25 marks
Total : 100 marks

1045 CAD IN CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWING PRACTICE


6 Hours/Week

14 Weeks

84 Hours

Preparation of drawing using AUTOCAD


1. AutoCAD
1.1 Definition of various commands used
1.2 Simple Exercises using AutoCAD commands

- 9 Hrs.
- 6 Hrs.

2. Produce drawing using AUTOCAD and output of all the drawings are taken print out in
A4 sheet using INKJET/LASER PRINTER or PLOTTER and produced in file form as
regard.
2.1. Section of Semicircular Arch.
- 3 Hrs.
2.2. Elevation of door partly paneled and partly glazed.
- 3 Hrs
2.3. Section of a lean-to roof.
- 3 Hrs
2.4. Section of Spread footing foundation.
- 3 Hrs
2.5. Section of a Load bearing wall from parapet to Foundation
Partly showing all the details across the section.(single storey)
- 3 Hrs
2.6. Plan, section and elevation of single bed roomed building.
- 12 Hrs.
(R.C.C. Roof)
2.7. Plan, section and elevation of a prayer Hall.
- 12 Hrs
2.8. Plan, section and elevation of a school Building.
- 12 Hrs
2.9. Preparation of approval drawing to be submitted to
Corporation or Municipality showing required details
in one sheet such as
- 18 Hrs
a. Site plan (Land boundary, Building boundary, car parking, passage, sanitary
layout, septic tank location etc).
b. G.F.Plan, F.F.Plan, Section and Elevation (line diagram is enough)
c. Key plan
d. Septic Tank plan and section (line diagram)
e. Rain water harvesting pit. ( with all detail)
f. Typical foundation details.( Column foundation or Spread footing)
g. Title block showing -Joinery details, Specification, Area Statement, color Index,
Title of the property, Space for Owners Signature and Licensed Surveyors
Signature and Planner company Address etc.
Reference :
1. Building Drawing Khanna Publishers, New Delhi.
2. AutoCAD quick reference manual Bpb Publications.

1046 SURVEY PRACTICE II


6 Hours / Week

18 Weeks

1. Levelling

84 Hours
(30 Hours)

1.1 L.S and C.S for a canal / Road alignment Plotting the profile
1.2 Contouring by Block levels plotting by interpolation
1.3 Site survey for Civil structures
a. Setting out of a building
b. Setting out of simple circular curve (offsets from long chord)
1.4 Fly Levelling 10 staff reading 4 Change points 2 Inverted levels,
2. Theodolite
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

(36 Hours)

Setting up of Theodolite Temporary Adjustment Reading horizontal angles


Measurement of horizontal angle by general method
Measurement of horizontal angle by reiteration method
Measurement of Horizontal angle by repetition method
Closed theodolite traverse measuring included angle
Distance between two in accessible points measuring angle from a baseline.
Measurements of vertical angles
Height of the object when the base is accessible
Height of an object when the base is inaccessible
i) Single plane method
ii) Double plane method

3. Tachometry
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.

(18 Hours)

Determination of constants of a Tacheometer


Determination of distance and elevation of a point by Tacheometric observations
Determination of gradient between two points of different elevations
Tangential tacheometric observation Exercise

Survey Camp (Outside the Campus)


1. Duration 7 days
2. 15 marks to be allotted for survey file in Examination
3. Works to be conducted in survey camp
i)
L.S and C.S for a cannal / road alignment
ii)
Radial Tachometric contouring
iii)
Contouring by block levels
iv)
Curve setting by deflection angle
v)
Check levelling
vi)
Setting out of building and culvert
vii)
Theodolite / Tacheometric traverse (Balance in the traverse by Bowdich rule)

Note: For examination


1) Part A Fly leveling with 10 points including 2 change in points
and inverted point.
(25 Marks)
2) Part B Using theodolite one question (30 Marks).

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