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Chemical&ProcessTechnology:RequirementsofSDVBypassPressurizationLine

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Wednesday,December5,2007

RequirementsofSDVBypassPressurizationLine

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Shutdownvalve(SDV)iscommonlyusedin oilandgasfacilitiesforsafeandisolationto
avoidescalationofhazardousmaterialfromonesystemtoanothersystem.Itiscommonly
controlled by Emergency Shutdown System (ESDS) which is highly reliable system. In
earlierpost,ihavelisted12mainfeaturesrequiredbyaShutdownvalve.Normallythe
Shutdown valve is maintained in open position using Instrument Air. In the event of
Instrumentairfailure,theShutdownvalvewillshutclosed.
BypassPressurizationLine
Duringstartup,theshutdownvalveinclosedposition.Theupstreamofshutdownvalve
willbepressurizedathighpressure(i.e100barg)whilsttheshutdownvalvemaystillkept
at23barg.Highdifferentialpressureacrosstheshutdownwillresultshightorqueagainst
theactuator.ItmaynotbeCOST effectiveandjustifiabletoprovideanlargeactuatorjust
toopentheShutdownvalve.Amorereasonableapproachwillbeprovidingabypassline
with a small shutdown valve and a throttling valve across the main shutdown valve for
initialpressurizationpurpose.Seebelowimage.

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Chemical&ProcessTechnology:RequirementsofSDVBypassPressurizationLine
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ShutdownBypassValveduringEmergency
Theremaybeanemergencysituatione.g.plantfire,seriousleakage,etctakeplaceduring
pressurization period and demand downstream system to be isolated immediately and
reliablyforsafetypurpose,thusathebypassvalveshallbeconnectedtotheEmergency
ShutdownSystem(ESDS)toenablepropershutdown.

September2007
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DistancebetweenBypassShutdownValveandThrottlingValve
Highpressuredropacrossthethrottlingvalvemaypotentialleadstoverylowtemperature
downstream of the throttling valve due to JouleThompson (JT) effect. The fluid
temperature downstream of throttling may drops below subzero (Less than zero degree
Celsius).Sensibleheatinthepipingwilltransfertocoldfluidandslowlyapproachingthis
subzero temperature. The "coldness" will travel back to upstream of throttling valve and
mayreachestheShutdownvalve.ItpotentiallycausetheupstreamShutdownvalvebody
temperature drops below subzero as well. Moisture from atmosphere will freeze at the
Shutdown valve body and potentially cause the stem stuck at open position. This will
poseshazardtothesystemastheshutdownmaynotabletoclosewhenitisdemanded.It
is recommended to provide to locate throttling valve 600mm downstream of the
Shutdownvalve.Similararrangementintheblowdownline.
HeatTracingDownstreamofShutdownvalve
JTeffectmayleadstosweating/iceformatexternalpipe.Applicationofanticondensation
coatingandheattracingonthebypasspipewillhelptoavoidsweating/icing.
Depends on fluid composition, low temperature may leads to hydrate formation or ice
formedandpotentiallypartially/totallyblockthesmallpressurizationline.Heattracingmay
help(maynotavoid)keeptemperatureabovehydrateformationtemperature.
BypassLineSize
Bypass line size is very much subject to fluid composition, downstream INVENTORY ,
differential pressure, etc. The line may be sized such that the flowrate is maximum but
withouthydratefromationoriceformedatreasonablepressurizationtime.Insomeevent,
noiselevelmaybeanissueandneedsadditionalassessment.

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Chemical&ProcessTechnology:RequirementsofSDVBypassPressurizationLine

June2010
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AutomatedPressurization
Asdownstreampressureslowlyincreases,thedifferentialpressurewilldropsandleadto
lowflowpassingthethrottlingvalve.Operatormayneedstoslowlyincreasetheopeningto
increase the throttling valve. Some plant imposing minimum manning and increase
automation,thosetheopeningofthrottlingvalvemaybeautomatedwithapressurecontrol
with a bypass control valve. This type of arrangement shall be properly engineered as
there are many issues such as hydrate, iceform, noise ASSOCIATE with this
arrangement.

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