Adiabatic Compressor

Energy Equation

=+
.

Where
1
= + 2 +
2

1
Q
Compressor
Tc

Since the compressor is defined as (SSSF), so, compressor energy equation reduced to,
assuming adiabatic compressor. i.e. Q=0
= (1 2 )
Entropy balance equation is

= +

. + .

The process is (SSSF), so the entropy balance equation reduces to:

. = 2 1
. = . . = . 2 1
Exergy flow equals to:
1 = 1 . 1 ( . )
2 = 2 . 2 ( . )
And the difference in exergy flow through compressors equals to:
1 2 = 1 . 1 2 . 2
1 2 = 1 2 ) (. 1 2
The Exergy balance equation is:

= 1
+ . . + .
.

Again for (SSSF)

. = 1 2 = 1 2 ) (. 1 2 (1 2 )
. = (. 2 1 )

The exergy efficiency of adiabatic compressor equals to

. =

1 2
=
(1 2 )

. =

. (1 2 ) (. 1 2
.
.
=1+
=1
(1 2 )
1 2
2 1

The final expression for adiabatic compressor is

. =

Adiabatic Turbine:
Energy Equation

=+
.
.

Since the turbine is defined as (SSSF), so, turbine energy

equation reduced to, assuming adiabatic compressor. i.e.
Q=0
= (1 2 )
Entropy balance equation is

= +

. + .

The process is (SSSF), so the entropy balance equation reduces to:

. = 2 1
. = . . = . 2 1
Exergy flow equals to:
1 = 1 . 1 ( . )
2 = 2 . 2 ( . )
And the difference in exergy flow through compressors equals to:
1 2 = 1 . 1 2 . 2
1 2 = 1 2 ) (. 1 2

Turbine

The Exergy balance equation is:

= 1
+ . . + .
.

Again for (SSSF)

. = 1 2 = 1 2 ) (. 1 2 (1 2 )
. = (. 2 1 )
The exergy efficiency of adiabatic compressor equals to
. =

(1 2 )
(1 2 )
=
=

1 2
1 2 ) (. 1 2

The final expression for adiabatic Turbine is

. =

( )
.

Expansion device (Adiabatic Throttling)

Energy Equation

=+
.
.

Since the turbine is defined as (SSSF), so, throttling device

energy equation reduced to, assuming adiabatic throttling.
i.e. Q=0
h1 = h2

= +

. + .

The process is (SSSF), so the entropy balance equation reduces to:

. = 2 1
. = . . = . 2 1
Exergy flow equals to:
1 = 1 . 1 ( . )
2 = 2 . 2 ( . )

And the difference in exergy flow through compressors equals to:

1 2 = 1 . 1 2 . 2
1 2 = (. 2 1 )
The Exergy balance equation is:

= 1
+ . . + .
.

Again for (SSSF)

. = 1 2 = 1 2 ) (. 1 2 (1 2 )
. = (. 2 1 )
The exergy efficiency of adiabatic throttling is defined as the ratio of total exergy output
to the total exergy input.
. =

( )

=
=
=

Note that there is no exergy recovered in the expansion valve, and thus the exergy
efficiency of expansion valve is equal to zero

Condenser in VCR
There two types of VCR condenser, the first one is air cooled condenser and the second is
water cooled condenser, so the exergy efficiency of each one is as bellows:
a- Air cooled condenser.

To

Energy Equation
1 = 2 + .
. = (1 2 )
.

= +

qcond
1

. + .

Tcond

 . =

. = 2 1

. + .

The Exergy balance equation is:

= 1
+ . . + .
.

Again for (SSSF)

. = 1 2 + 1
. = (. 2 1 )

= 1 2 ) (. 1 2 + 2 1

The exergy efficiency of the condenser may be expressed as the ratio of the exergy of the
heat transferred to the high-temperature medium to the exergy decrease of the refrigerant
across the condenser.

. =

Temp of condenser = temp

saturation at same condenser
pressure

1 2 + . 1 2 . (1 2 )

=
1 2 . (1 2 )
.

1 2 . (1 2 . 1 2
=
+
1 2 . (1 2 )
1 2 . (1 2 )

. =

b- Water cooled condenser

Energy Equation

=+
.
.

0 = . 1 + . 3 . 2 . 4
. (1 2 ) = . (4 3 )

Refrigerant 1
Water

2
3

The entropy balance equation is:

= +

. + .

. = . 2 + . 4 . 1 + . 3
. = . (2 1 ) + . (4 3 )
The exergy balance equation is:

= 1
+ . . + .
.

. = 1 2 + 3 4
. = 1 2 . (1 2 ) + 3 4 . (3 4 )
. = . (4 3 ) . (1 2 ) + 3 4 . (3 4 )
. = . . (2 1 ) + . . (4 3 )
The exergy efficiency of water cooled condenser is
. =

Mixing process:
1 + 2 = 3
0 = 1 . 1 + 2 . 2 3 . 3
0 = 1 . 1 + 2 . 2 (1 + 2 ). 3
1 . (1 3 ) = 2 . (3 2 )

= +

1
3
Mixing Chamber
2

. + .

0 = 1 1 2 . 2 3 3 + .
. = 1 (3 1 ) + 2 . (3 2 )

= 1
+ . . + .
.

0 = 1 . 1 2 . 2 3 . 3 .

 . = 1 . (1 3 ) + 2 . (2 3 )
For the process of adiabatic mixing, only one efficiency is defined based on the ratio
of exergy conveyed by the exiting stream to that conveyed by two entering streams.
This exergy efficiency can be expressed as follows:

. =

Items
Compressor
Turbine
Adiabatic throttling
Condenser-air cooled
Condenser-water cooled

Exergy efficiency

.
.

.

( ) .
. =
.
. =

.
(. )
. =
.


. = . . (
. =
) + . . ( )

. =