Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
ABBR
ITU
band
frequency
wavelength
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
< 3 Hz
330 Hz
30300 Hz
3003000 Hz
330 kHz
30300 kHz
3003000 kHz
330 MHz
30300 MHz
3003000 MHz
330 GHz
30300 GHz
300 GHz 3000GHZ
> 100,000 km
100,000 km 10,000 km
10,000 km 1000 km
1000 km 100 km
100 km 10 km
10 km 1 km
1 km 100 m
100 m 10 m
10 m 1 m
1 m 100 mm
100 mm 10 mm
10 mm 1 mm
< 1 mm
ELF
SLF
ULF
VLF
LF
MF
HF
VHF
UHF
SHF
EHF
THF
propagation
mode
Ground Wave
Ground Wave
Ground Wave
Sky Wave
Space Wave
Space Wave
Space Wave
Space Wave
Satellites
Orbit Height
Orbital velocity
Orbital time (period)
Satellite Availability
Operating Frequency
100 - 300 mi
17,500 mph
1.5 hours
15 min per orbit
1.0 GHz to 2.5 GHz
6,000 - 12,000 mi
9580 mph
5-12 mph
2 - 4 hours per orbit
1.2 GHz - 1.66 GHz
GPS, NAVSTAR
Mass
> 1,000 kg
500 - 1,000 kg
100 - 500 kg
10 - 100 kg
< 10 kg
Loudness level
Cost
> $ 100 M
$ 50 - 100 M
$ 5 - 20 M
$2-3M
<$1M
Geostationary /
Geosynchronous (GEO)
22,300 mi
6879 mph
24 hours
24 hours per orbit
2 GHz - 18 GHz
Frequency in GHz
1-2
2-4
4-8
8-12
12-18
18-27
27-40
40-300
>300
0 - 15 dB
15 - 30 dB
30 - 60 dB
60 - 80 dB
80 - 130 dB
130 dB
very faint
faint
moderate
loud
very loud
deafening
20 - 40 Hz
80 - 160 Hz
160 - 320 Hz
320 - 640 Hz
640 - 1280 Hz
1280 - 2560 Hz
2560 - 5120 Hz
5120 - 10240 Hz
10th octave
10240 - 20480 Hz
40 - 80 Hz
Lower Bass
Upper Base
Lower Midrange
Upper midrange
Treble
Type of Hall
concert halls
Italian-type opera
houses
churches
cinemas
Rooms for speech
4.2 - 5.2
7.1 - 9.9
3.1
2.8
U600 Mastergroup
Supergroup
Carrier
frequency
(kHz)
Supergroup
Carrier
frequency
(kHz)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
612
Direct
1116
1364
1612
1860
2108
2356
2724
3100
13
14
15
16
17
18
D25
D26
D27
D28
1116
1364
1612
1860
2108
2356
2652
2900
3148
3396
0.9 - 1.1
0.9
0.8
1.2
1.5
SPL (dB)
0
20
30
40
50-70
90
90
100
100
120
140
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.5 - 1.6
1.4 - 3.4
VB channels
12
60
600
3600
10800
Groups
5
50
300
900
supergroups
10
60
180
mastergroups
6
18
jumbogroups
3
VB channels
12
60
300
900
Groups
5
25
75
supergroups
5
15
mastergroups
3
Bit rate
(Mbps)
64Kbps
Channel
Capacity
1/24 of T-1
T1
DS1
1.544
T1C
DS1c
T2
Line Type
# of T1
Services Offered
24
VB telephone
3.152
48
VB telephone
DS2
6.312
96
T3
DS3
44.736
672
28
T4M
DS4
274.176
4032
168
Medium
twisted pair
twisted pair
twisted pair,
microwave
Coax, microware
Coax, fiber optics
fiber optics
channel
#
2
3
4
5
6
Channel Capacity
24
92
480
1140
7680
European standard
2.048
8.448
Channel
Capacity
30
120
time
slots
32
128
34.368
139.264
565.992
480
1920
7680
512
2048
8192
Level
E-1
E-2
E-3
E-4
E-5
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14-83
ELECTRONICS
Summary for all 2-input gates
Inputs
A
B
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
Frequency band
(MHz)
54 - 60
60 - 66
66 - 72
76 - 82
82 - 88
88 - 108
174 - 180
180 - 186
186 - 192
192 - 198
198 - 204
204 - 210
210 - 216
470-890
FM band
UHF
NAND
OR
NOR
EX-OR
EX-NOR
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
X1
L
C
C
C
X2
L
C
C
C
X3
C
L
Series LC (net L)
Crystal (net L)
Fan Out
Power
Dissipation (mW)
Propagation
Delay (ns)
Noise
margin (V)
Standard TTL
Schottky TTL
Low power Schottky TTL
ECL
CMOS
10
10
20
25
50
10
22
2
25
0.1
10
3
10
2
25
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.2
3
Level Of Integration
Small Scale Integration (SSI)
Medium Scale Integration (MSI)
Large Scale Integration (LSI)
Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI)
Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI)
Amplifier
efficiency
A
AB
B
C
50%
51-99%
78%
85%
X2
X3
Motors
Level of Integration
Amplifier class
X1
conduction
angle
360
181 to 359
180
0 to 179
input signal
used
100%
> 50% < 100%
50%
50%
Motor
class
A
B
F
H
max
temperature
(0C)
105
130
155
180
CN2
Resistor
Capacitor
Capacitor
Mode
Bistable
Monostable
Astable
Shell
Letter
Electron
Capacity
1
2
3
4
5
6
K
L
M
N
O
P
2
8
18
32
18
8
(Principal
Quantum
Number)
Velocity of Sound
Water
Steel
Wood
5000 ft/sec
Distress Frequency
aeronautical
5150 m/s
3300 m/s
170 kbps
EDGE
384 kbps
3G
Specifications
Cable Type
10BaseT
10Base2
10Base5
10BaseF
100BaseT
100BaseTX
720 Kbps
10 Gbps
Max Length
(m)
100
180
500
2000
100
220
1-2
1900-1910
1980-1990
2-3
2400-2483
2500-2700
3-5
3400-3600
-
384 kbps
144 kbps
0.01 V to 0.2V
0.1V to 2V
0.05V-3V
0.02V-0.2V
Cable TV:
matching (RF)
terminal isolation
sound carrier isolator
spurious radiation rejection
cross modulation
adjacent channel isolation
audio signal level
video SNR for modulator
16 dB
28 dB
40 dB
60 dB
80 dB
-60 dB
1 dB
36 dB
MPEG 1
CD/internet
MPEG 2
MPEG 3
HDTV
MPEG 4
DivX
MPEG 7
Application
Digital Microwave
(DECT)Cordless phone
GPRS
EDGE
CDMA
D-AMPS
26.965-27.475 MHz
modulation technique
QAM - PSK
GFSK
GMSK
8PSK
BPSK
/4-DQPSK
2 Mbps
Bluetooth
Fiber
Optics
2182 kHz
Data rates
GPRS
121.5 MHz
Maritime (radiotelegraphy)
5-10
5150-5350
5470-5850
> 10
10150-10650
-
32,000 nT
64,000 nT
Monolithic IC (m)
transistor
resistor
diodes
20 x 12
6 x 30
10 x 15
CATV
Class I
Class II
Class III
w/ auxiliary equipment
Class IV
N0N
A1A
C3F
F1B
F8E
A3C
F3C
A3E
F3E
G3E
H3E
J3E
R3E
2050
500 Trillion
1130
770
358
16
Analog
Digital
Class I
0.6
Class II
1.6
1.6
Class III
0.6
Chairman NTC
Calculated the radius and
velocity of electron
Measure atomic radius
Radar
Brain waves:
< 3 Hz
4 to 8 Hz
8 to 12 Hz
13 to 30 Hz
Phosphor
Developed LASER
Clad glass fiber
MOSAIC
Nanotech
MAC Mother Board
Designed TCP/IP
Designed Microprocessor
Invented Microprocessor
3 law of Robotics, 1969
coined Robot, 1920
P1
P4
P22
P31
Green
White
RGB
Green
Oscilloscope
Monochrome
colored
Oscilloscope
Blackout
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
designed HTTP
IBM founder
Cyberspace
OP AMPS
Mouse
Ethernet
Arpanet
Web-log
Inventor Transistor
Coined "transistor"
FTP/Father of internet
IC
Coined Hyper text
Founder of Macintosh
LM 101
LM 741C
OP 177A
IS-41
IS-54
IS-95
IS-136
IS-136.2
Super Computer
Intel fair child
Pantelegraph
1st Inventor of the telephone
Father of Wi-Fi
World 1st Computer
Programmer
Apple computer
Superheterodyne (radio)
Robosapien
Negative Feedback Amplifier
discovered germanium in 1915
development of zener diode
invented tunnel diode
Inventor of Magnetron
roaming, /4-DQPSK
Commercials (minutes)
Program
duration
60
30
15
5
MLA
OUT-MLA
15
7.5
3.5
15sec
17
8.5
4
1.5
paired
P 5M
8M
10M
15M
unpaired
P 3M
6M
8M
12M
AC (mA) at 60 Hz
0 to 1
1 to 4
4 to 21
21 to 40
40 to 100
Over 1600
DC (mA)
0 to 4
4 to 15
15 to 80
80 to 160
160 to 300
300mA
IC types
Film
Hybrid
Monolithic
6000v in sec
110%
80% - 85 %
spike
surge
dip / sag
IC
packaging
TO
Flatpack
DIP
Packaging
Level
Level
Level
Level
Level
0
1
2
3
4
Types of Robots
Semi-Autonomous
Autonomous
Tele-Operated
Androids
Cyborgs
Automatons
ASIMO
QRIO
HUBO
Robosapien
Bang-bang Robot
GPS
GLONASS
24
21 (3 spare)
6
4
600
600
550
12 Hours
20,200 km
3
8
1200
450
64.80
11 Hours & 15mins
19,100 km
Satellites
Orbital Planes
Satellites / Planes
Plane Separation
Satellite Separation
Inclination
Orbital Period
Altitude
Microphones
Low Z
dynamic
carbon
ribbon
High Z
crystal
condenser
electret
Colpitts
Hartley
Armstrong
Clapp
V.32
V.34bis
V.90
Spherical configurations
Cylindrical configuration
360
Coax
Twin lead
Open wire
Cartesian or rectilinear
up/down/left/ right
4 axis robot with rotating elements that move
in single plane
Proton
Neutron
tapped inductor
Magnetic Coupling
series LC
9600 bps
33.6 kbps
56 kbps
Velocity Factor
Articulated
tapped capacitor
Medium Q
High Q
Maxwell Bridge
Hay Bridge
Honda
Sony
Korea
toy like robot
Limit stop
0.66 / 0.6-0.8
0.8
0.9
2 up quarks 1 down quark
2 down quarks 1 up quark
13.567 MHz
920 MHz
2454 MHz
SCR
NPN + PNP
Diac
Triac
Erlang B
Erlang C
Poisson
FAX
Mins / page
Group 1
6
Group 2
3
90
100
Group 3
6-15 sec / page
Standard
100
or
98
Fine
200
or
196
Superfine
400
or
392
IP version
IPv4
IPv6
Bluetooth
class
class 1
class 2
class 3
Maximum Permitted
dB Power (mW/dBm)
100 mW (20dBm)
2.5 mW (4dBm)
1 mW (0dBm)
Range
~100m
~10m
~1m
Welding Type
Carbon Arc Welding
Electron Beam Welding
Spot Welding
Addresses
232
2128