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Date

Retaining Wall Design : Ver W2.4.01 - 01 Apr 2008

Title : Cantilever wall example
C14

Input Data
H1
H2
H3
Hw
Hr
B
D

(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)

Wall Dimensions
1.3 C
0 F
0 xf
0 At
0.36 Ab
3 Cov wall
0 Cov base

(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
mm
mm

0.3
0
0
0.3
0.3
50
50

Unfactored Live Loads

W
20
(kN/m)
P
0
(kN)
xp
0
(m)
L
0
(kN/m)
xl
2.60
(m)
Lh
(kN/m)
x
0
(m)

General Parameters
()
Soil frict
Fill slope ()
()
Wall frict
Conc kN/m3
Soil
kN/m3
fcu
(MPa)
fy
(MPa)

27
0
20
25
18
40
460

Design Parameters
SF Overt.
1.5
SF Slip
1.5
ULS DL Factor
1.4
ULS LL Factor
1.6
Pmax
400
(kPa)
0.5
Soil Poisson
DL Factor Ovt.
0.9

Seepage allowed
Active pressure applied on back of shear key for sliding
Theory
: Coulomb
Wall type : Cantilever

SEISMIC ANALYSIS SETTINGS:

Seismic Analysis ON/OFF:ON
Hor Accel. (g) 0.02
Vert Accel. (g) 0.01
Include LL's
Y

VALUES OF PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS:

Active Pressure coefficient Ka
Passive Pressure coefficient Kp
Seismic Active Pressure coefficient Kas
Seismic Passive Pressure coefficient Kps
Base frictional constant

:0.332
:5.136
:0.349
:4.986
:0.510

FORCES ACTING ON THE WALL AT SLS:

All forces/moments are per m

Description
Destabilizing forces:
Total Active pressure Pa
Siesmic component of Pa
As a result of surcharge w
Siesmic wall inertia
Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp
Siesmic component of Pp
Weight of the wall + base
Weight of soil on the base
UDL of 19.8 kPa

width
FORCES (kN ) and their LEVER ARMS (m )
F Horizontal
Lever arm F Vertical
Lever arm
left (+)
down (+)
4.994
0.244
8.451
0.639

0.450
0.780
0.650
0.301

-0.000
-0.000

0.000
0.000

EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS AT SLS

All forces/moments are per m

width

1.Moment Equilibrium
Point of rotation: bottom front corner of base.
For Overturning moment Mo calculate as follows:

1.818
0.089
3.076

3.300
3.300
3.300

31.927
0.000
0.000

1.999
0.000
3.300

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Mo = Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) - Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)

For Stabilizing moment Mr calculate as follows:
Mr = -Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) + Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
where l.a. = lever arm of each force.
Stabilizing moment Mr :
Destabilizing moment Mo :

63.82 kNm
-8.21 kNm

Safety factor against overturning = Mr/Mo = -7.769

*** SAFETY FACTOR IS LOWER THAN SPECIFIED MINIMUM OF

1.5 ***

2.Force Equilibrium at SLS

Sum of Vertical forces Pv
Frictional resistance Pfric
Passive Pressure on shear key
Passive pressure on base
=> Total Horiz. resistance Fr

:
:
:
:
:

36.82
18.76
0.00
0.00
18.76

kN
kN
kN
kN
kN

Horizontal sliding force on wall Fhw :

Horizontal sliding force on shear key Fht :
=> Total Horizontal sliding force Fh :

14.08 kN
0.00 kN
14.08 kN

Safety factor against overall sliding = Fr/Fh = 1.332

*** SAFETY FACTOR IS LOWER THAN SPECIFIED MINIMUM OF

1.50 ***

FORCES ACTING ON THE WALL AT ULS:

All forces/moments are per m

Description
Destabilizing forces:
Total Active pressure Pa
Siesmic component of Pa
As a result of surcharge w
Siesmic wall inertia
Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp
Siesmic component of Pp
Weight of the wall + base
Weight of soil on the base
UDL of 17.8 kPa

width
FORCES (kN ) and their LEVER ARMS (m )
F Horizontal
Lever arm F Vertical
Lever arm
left (+)
down (+)
7.069
0.390
13.522
1.022

0.452
0.780
0.650
0.301

-0.000
-0.000

0.000
0.000

2.545
0.142
4.922

3.300
3.300
3.300

28.735
0.000
0.000

1.999
0.000
3.300

EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS AT ULS

All forces/moments are per m

width

1.Moment Equilibrium
Point of rotation: bottom front corner of base.
For Overturning moment Mo calculate as follows:
Mo = Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) - Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
For Stabilizing moment Mr calculate as follows:
Mr = -Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) + Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
where l.a. = lever arm of each force.
Stabilizing moment Mr : 57.44 kNm
Destabilizing moment Mo : -12.34 kNm
Safety factor against overturning = Mr/Mo = -4.653

*** SAFETY FACTOR IS LOWER THAN 1.00 ***

2.Force Equilibrium at ULS

Job Number

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Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
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Sum of Vertical forces Pv

Frictional resistance Pfric
Passive Pressure on shear key
Passive pressure on base
=> Total Horiz. resistance Fr

Checked by

:
:
:
:
:

33.14
16.89
0.00
0.00
16.89

Date

kN
kN
kN
kN
kN

Horizontal sliding force on wall Fhw :

Horizontal sliding force on shear key Fht :
=> Total Horizontal sliding force Fh :

21.61 kN
0.00 kN
21.61 kN

Safety factor against overall sliding = Fr/Fh = 0.781

*** SAFETY FACTOR (ULS) IS LOWER THAN 1.00 ***

SOIL PRESSURES UNDER BASE AT SLS
Maximum pressure : 17.37 kPa
Minimum pressure : 4.94 kPa
Maximum pressure occurs at right hand side of base

WALL MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO ACI 318 - 2005

Position from
base top (m )
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.30
0.32
0.34
0.36
0.38
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.46
0.48
0.50
0.52
0.54
0.56
0.58
0.60
0.62
0.64
0.66
0.68
0.70
0.72
0.74
0.76
0.78
0.80
0.82
0.84

Moment
(kNm )
6.22
5.95
5.69
5.44
5.19
4.95
4.72
4.49
4.27
4.05
3.84
3.64
3.44
3.25
3.07
2.89
2.71
2.55
2.39
2.23
2.08
1.94
1.80
1.67
1.54
1.42
1.30
1.19
1.09
0.98
0.89
0.80
0.72
0.64
0.56
0.49
0.43
0.37
0.31
0.26
0.21
0.17
0.14

Front Reinforcing Back Reinforcing Nominal (0.13%)

(mm/m )
(mm/m )
(mm/m )
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

62.27
59.60
56.99
54.44
51.96
49.55
47.20
44.92
42.70
40.54
38.45
36.42
34.45
32.54
30.69
28.90
27.17
25.50
23.89
22.33
20.84
19.40
18.01
16.69
15.41
14.20
13.03
11.92
10.87
9.86
8.91
8.01
7.16
6.36
5.61
4.91
4.26
3.66
3.11
2.60
2.14
1.73
1.36

390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00

Job Number

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Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
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0.86
0.88
0.90
0.92
0.94
0.96
0.98
1.00

Client
Calcs by

0.10
0.08
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00

Checked by

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Date

1.04
0.76
0.52
0.33
0.19
0.08
0.02
0.00

390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00

BASE MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO ACI 318 - 2005

Position from
left (m )
0.00
0.07
0.13
0.20
0.26
0.33
0.40
0.46
0.53
0.59
0.66
0.73
0.79
0.86
0.92
0.99
1.06
1.12
1.19
1.25
1.32
1.39
1.45
1.52
1.58
1.65
1.72
1.78
1.85
1.91
1.98
2.05
2.11
2.18
2.24
2.31
2.38
2.44
2.51
2.57
2.64
2.71
2.77
2.84
2.90
2.97
3.04
3.10
3.17
3.23
3.30

Moment
(kNm )
-0.00
-0.00
-0.02
-0.04
-0.08
-0.12
-0.17
-0.23
-0.31
-0.39
-0.48
-0.58
-0.69
-0.81
-0.94
-1.08
-1.22
-1.38
-1.55
-1.73
-1.91
-2.11
-2.31
-2.53
-2.75
-2.99
-3.23
-3.49
-3.75
-4.02
-4.30
-4.59
-4.90
-5.21
-5.53
-5.86
-6.20
-6.55
-6.90
-7.27
-7.65
-8.04
-8.43
-8.84
-9.26
-9.68
-10.12
-10.56
-11.02
-11.33
-0.26

Top Reinforcing
(mm/m )

Bot Reinforcing
(mm/m )

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.05
0.19
0.43
0.77
1.20
1.72
2.35
3.06
3.88
4.79
5.79
6.89
8.09
9.38
10.77
12.25
13.83
15.51
17.28
19.15
21.11
23.17
25.32
27.57
29.91
32.36
34.89
37.53
40.25
43.08
46.00
49.01
52.12
55.33
58.63
62.03
65.53
69.12
72.80
76.58
80.46
84.43
88.50
92.66
96.92
101.28
105.73
110.28
113.43
0.00

SHEAR CHECK AT WALL-BASE JUNCTION TO ACI 318 - 2005

Shear force at bottom of wall V =

15.6 kN

Nominal (0.13%)
(mm/m )
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00

Job Number

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Calcs by

Checked by

Date

Shear stress at bottom of wall v = 0.06 MPa OK

Allowable shear stress vc = 0.45 MPa (based on Wall tensile reinf.)

Sketch of Wall

Design code: ACI 318 - 2005

19.80

0.30

20.00

1.30

0.00

kh =0.02g
kv =0.01g
0.30

0.00

0.30

3.00

27.00

Wall type: Cantilever

Theory: Coulomb

Kas=0.35
Kps=4.99
=0.51
V= 15.6kN
v= 0.06MPa
SFslip = 1.33
vc= 0.45MPa
SFslip (ULS) = 0.78
SFovt = -7.77
SF
Ovt<0
SFovt (ULS) = -4.65 :No Overturning

posssible

Wall Bending Moments

Wall Moments
Moment max = 6.220kNm @ -.300m

1.00
.900
.800
.700
.600

Height (m)

.500
.400
.300

-.100
-.200
Bending moment (kNm)

6.00

5.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

1.00

.100

0.00

.200

Job Number

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Calcs by

Checked by

Date

Base Bending Moments

-2.00
Bending moment (kNm)

-3.00
-4.00
-5.00
-6.00
-7.00
-8.00
-9.00
-10.0
-11.0
-12.0
Position (m)

3.20

3.00

2.80

2.60

2.40

2.20

2.00

1.80

1.60

1.40

1.20

Moment max = -11.33kNm @ 3.15m

1.00

.800

.600

.400

-1.00

.200

Base Moments