Ideological foundation of Pakistan Notes

Ideology:
Ideology, in the Althusserian sense, is "the imaginary relation to the real conditions of
existence." It can be described as a set of conscious andunconscious ideas which make up one's
goals, expectations, and motivations. An ideology is a comprehensive normative vision], a way of
looking at things, as argued in several philosophical tendencies (see political ideologies). It can
also be a set of ideas proposed by the dominant class of society to all members of society (a
"received consciousness" or product ofsocialization, as suggested in some Marxist and Critical
theory accounts. While the concept of "ideology" describes a set of ideas broad in its normative
reach,

an

ideology

is

less

encompassing

than

as worldview, imaginary and ontology.

as

expressed

in

concepts

such

OR

A set of doctrines or beliefs that are shared by the members of a social group or that form thebasi
s of a political, economic, or other system.

OR

The body of doctrine or thought that guides an individual, social movement, institution, orgroup.
DEFINITION OF IDEOLOGY
Science of ideas, visionary speculations, manner of thinking, characteristic of a class or
individual ideas on the basis of some economic, social or political theory or system is called
Ideology. It contains those ideals, which a nation strives to accomplish in order to bring stability
to its nationhood. Defining ideology, George Lewis says: "Ideology is a plan or program which is
based upon philosophy".
IMPORTANCE OF IDEOLOGY IN NATIONAL LIFE
Ideology is a motivating force for a nation, which is striving hard to bring stability and
homogeneity to its nation hood. It provides the binding force to the scattered groups in a society
and brings them close to each other on a common platform. Ideologies impel their adherence to
follow a joint linked action for the accomplishment of their goal. Ideologies give shape to the
revolutions and create new cultures and civilizations. They stress on their adherents to insist on
the realization of their ideal thought total transformation of society. An urgent agreement with
each other on the ideals is most vital pre-requisite of an ideology.

Ideology of Pakistan
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Pakistan Ideology should be squarely based on policies constructed on the teachings of the
Quran and Sunnah and should strive to turn Pakistan into an Islamic State because it was on the
basis of Islam that the country had separated from the rest of India.

Importance of Two Nation Theory

EVOLUTION OF TWO NATION THEORY IN INDIA:
In the subcontinent Two Nation Theory is as old as the history of the Muslims. Two nations
theory had been formed in India when Raja Samri of Kadanga Noor accepted Islam, because
Hindus and Muslims of India belonged to the same race. They were living in the geographically
connected areas. They were the citizens of one country. There was no huge difference between
their customs. In spite of all these common things. Religious fervor had provided them such a
strong base for nationalism which altogether made the Muslims and everything different from
Hindus. It is clear from the words of the Quaid-e-Azam:
Pakistan was created on the very first day when first Hindu accepted Islam in India!

Hazrat Mujadid Alf Sani & Two Nation Theory

Hazrat Mujaddad Alf Sani explained the Two Nation Theory in 16E-1 and 17th century.If Muslims want to live like a live nation then they will have to get rid of all those paganism.
They will have to live separately from Hindus. If this consciousness of separate nationalism is
not produced among the Muslims then the fear is that they would be swept away in the flood of
one-nationhood.

Hazrat Shah Wali Ullah & Two Nation Theory:

Shah Wali Ullah was also a great supporter of two nation theory. He saved the Muslims of the
sub-continent at that, time when the Muslims decline was started after the death of Aurangzeb
Allamgir in 1707. He advised the Muslim to be united and followed the Islamic rules &
regulations. He also advised the Muslims to give up Hindu and Lin-Islamic values. He
considered that the Muslims are the separate nation from Hindus.

Sir Syed Ahmed and Two Nation Theory:

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was the first Indian Muslim political leader who used the word Nation
for the Muslims of the sub-continent in 1867. During the Urdu Hindi Controversy he came
forward with two nation concept and declared that the Muslims were a separate nation, having

their own culture and civilization. He talked to Mr. Shakespeare, Governor of Banaras and
explained the two nation theory as:
Hindi Urdu conflict is the starting of the space of separation between Hindus and Muslims
which will gradually increase and a day will come when both the nations will separate from each
other after division.

Allama lqbal and Two Nation Theory:

Allarna lqbal awakened the Muslims of sub-continent with his poetry to demand a separate
homeland. He led the Muslims at every step and rendered great services for the establishment of
Pakistan. Allama lqbal considered Islam as a complete code of life. He said that he was fully
convinced that the Muslims of India would ultimately have a separate homeland, as they could
not live with the Hindus in united India
The evolution of the Two Nation Theory got momentum slowly. Allama !Oat clearly stressed the
need of a separate state by including the province of NWFP, in his address at Allahabad in 1930.
But the British and the Hindus did not agree to it.

Quaid-e-Azar and Two Nation Theory:

The Quaid-e-Azarn was a big supporter of two-nation theory. He said,
:The foundation of Two Nation Theory was laid on the day when the first non-Muslim of subcontinent became Muslim,
This two-nation theory was originated with the arrival of the Muslims in the sub-continent. He
said:
India is neither a country nor its inhabitants are a nation. This is a sub-continent where many
nations live: among these the Hindu and the Muslim are two important nations-.

Importance/ Significance of Two Nation Theory

The Two-Nation Theory served as the basis of demand for Pakistan by the Muslims in British
India. There are two major nations in British India. The Muslims are not a community but a
nation with a distinctive history, heritage, culture, civilization, and future aspirations.
The Muslims wanted to preserve and protect their distinct identity and advance their interests
in India. They wanted to order their lives in accordance with their ideals and philosophy of life
without being overwhelmed by an unsympathetic majority.
Initially, they demanded safeguards, constitutional guarantees and a federal system of
government with powers to the provinces for protection and advancement of their heritage,
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identity and interests. Later, they demanded a separate state when neither the British nor the
Hindu majority community was willing to offer those guarantees and safeguards.

New Article
Mohammad Jamil
Tuesday, August 26, 2014 - The Nazriya Pakistan Council (NPC) has played a remarkable role in
educating and inspiring the new generation and people at large about the basis on which
Pakistan was created under the leadership of Quaid-e-Azam. It is holding seminars and
conferences where intellectuals, educationists and historians enlightened the audience. The gist
of the speeches delivered by professors and educations in the ceremony held in connection with
the opening a chapter of Nazriya Pakistan Council in Sargodha is that Two-Nation theory is an
eternal edifice of Pakistan. At this point in time, when efforts are being made to demolish twonation theory by Indian leaders, writers and intellectuals, NPC has taken upon itself the
responsibility to counter them effectively. Unfortunately, in Pakistan some pseudo-intellectuals
abound who do not feel qualms for opposing the two-nation theory, and try to highlight the
commonality of culture between India and Pakistan. They conveniently forget that Pakistan was
created because Muslims were not allowed to lead their lives according to their faith and culture.
Historical evidence suggests that members of Indian National Congress, comprising brute
majority of Hindus and a small number of Muslims along with some religious outfits, were
against the creation of Pakistan. Even today, they continue with their sinister designs and spread
despondency and negativity to propagate that this is not the Pakistan the founders had envisaged.
It is true that Pakistan is facing multifaceted crisis, but many nations in the world had faced
similar situation at one time or another, but there new leadership emerged that extricated the
country from the morass. And China is a case in point. Anyhow, the basis of the state of
Pakistan is Two-Nation Theory, and efforts are being made by pseudo-intellectuals to demolish
this concept. To advance American agenda and to appease India, some palmed-off elements
denigrate the military and its intelligence agencies so that India could extend its hegemony over
it. Last year, on Pakistan Day, a private channel had a special program in which Abul Kalam
Azads forecasts about future of Pakistan were reproduced, who had warned Muslims of dire
consequences of the partition.

Abul Kalam Azad had predicted: The confidence of East Pakistan will not erode as long as
Jinnah and Liaquat Ali are alive. But after them any small incident will create resentment and
disaffection. I feel that it will not be possible for East Pakistan to stay with West Pakistan for any
considerable period of time. Pakistans anchorperson did not deem it appropriate to expose
India for her role in disintegration of Pakistan, and what role it is playing in Balochistan.
Anyhow, the anchorperson tried to conclude and gave the message that Pakistans civil and
military leadership should try to prove Abul Kalam Azads predictions wrong. Those who had
opposed the Pakistan movement including pro-Congress and other religious outfits try to
demolish this theory, as they want to prove that creation of Pakistan was wrong, not realizing that
any other scheme of things would have made the brute Hindu majority a dominant and
permanent majority in India.
It was in this backdrop that Allama Iqbal had dreamt of Pakistan as a separate homeland for
Muslims, and had inspired the Muslims of the sub-continent through his writings - poetry and
prose - to unite them in the struggle for an independent state. He had also spelt out in detail the
concept of an independent and sovereign state for the Muslims in India in the regions where they
were in majority. Hence, Two-Nation Theory was a concept that provided a viable solution to the
problem, which otherwise could have led to disastrous consequences. In 1940, through the
Lahore Resolution in the All India Muslim League meeting, it was officially demanded that India
be partitioned into the Muslim majority areas and Hindu majority area. It is worth remembering
that Pakistan is the product of not only history but also a particular geography and above all the
ideology.
There are two basic pillars on which the Two Nation Theory stands. One pillar, of course, is
Islam; and the other equally important pillar is the political process by which Pakistan became a
reality to ensure socio-economic justice in the society. You take away any of these two pillars the Islamic identity and ideology and the concept of socio-economic justice, it will be difficult to
save Pakistan. Anyhow, people of Pakistan believe that creation of Pakistan was a great event of
history and a prodigious achievement of founder of Pakistan Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali
Jinnah and his comrades. Obviously creation of Pakistan was a source of frustration to Congress
leaders who openly opposed the idea of two-nation theory and had latent designs to eliminate the
identity of Muslim nation in India and hurt their pride. In fact creation of Pakistan came as a

grave political setback to Indian Congress Party representing majority in united India under the
British rule.
Today some anti-Pakistan elements have started poisoning the minds of our youth by exploiting
the present political instability, economic downslide and ethnic/social division among different
segments of Pakistani society. The fissures created due to war on terror are so being exploited by
anti-Pakistan elements, and doubts are created about the validity of two-nation theory, thus
attacking the basis of our existence. Hostile propagandists spread negative opinions about
Pakistan and its Armed Forces, labeling them spoilers and blaming them for following the dual
policies in Afghanistan. They are following the aliens agenda to weaken a Muslim atomic state
by creating the doubts about security forces.
Such propagandists have real hostile designs against Pakistan and they leave no stone unturned
in painting Pakistan in poor light. It is the responsibility of our anchorpersons, analysts, writers
and intellectuals to counter the propaganda launched by India and Mir Jafars of Pakistan. Having
all said, the organizers of the NPC are real patriots, and they will strive every nerve to frustrate
the designs of the detractors of Pakistan. They indeed deserve all superlatives for upholding he
noble cause.

New Article
Dr Raja Muhammad Khan
Wednesday, April 18, 2012 - In the wordings of Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the
father of nation, Pakistan came into being on the day, when first Muslim stepped into the soil of
Subcontinent and the first Hindu converted to Islam. This visionary statement is not an idiom,
but carries lot of meanings and based on the veracity. Tracing back the history, this indeed was
the origin of two nation theory in the Subcontinent. The theory means that, there are cultural,
political, religious, economic and social dissimilarities between the two major communities,
Hindus and Muslims of the Sub Continent. Owing to these glaring differences in their outlook,
there emerged two distinct political ideologies, which became the basis for the partition of India
into two independent states; India and Pakistan.
The thought provoking wordings of the great Muslim leader of Subcontinent was later
acknowledged by Mahatma Gandhi, while addressing the second session of the Round table
conference in London in 1931. He highlighted the differences between Hindus and Muslims in
the Subcontinent and admitted that, It would be difficult to maintain such a position historically
6

because the conflict between Hindus and Muslims had started long before the emergence of the
British power in India. However, since there was Muslim rule in India for centuries, and rulers
were not discriminatory towards Hindus, thus they had no problems under such a rule. The
statement of Mahatma Gandhi was a clear recognition of the fact that Muslims and Hindus are
two different nations and cannot live together in the same country under the western type of
democracy, giving dominance to Hindu majority. Therefore, the crux of the two nation theory is
that, Muslims and Hindus of the Subcontinent are two different nations from all aspects; social,
cultural, economic, moral and political. With all these major differences, it was not possible for
the Muslims to live with Hindus in the same homeland. Since these were two different nations,
thus needed separate homelands. In the same context, Muslims of the Subcontinent demanded
their own independent homeland, Pakistan, where they could live their lives as per the Islamic
teachings. Thus, the two nation theory became the foundation for the ideological basis of
Pakistan.
Today, a betrayed class of youth, some pseudo scholars, people with vested interests and others
impressed by so-called economic development of the India, raise their voices against the
ideological basis of Pakistan, originated from Two Nation theory. They perhaps are being made
to believe that, Pakistan was created accidentally and that the intellect of most of the Muslims at
that time was overpowered by emotions. Through a well planned brainwashing campaign, they
are also made to believe that, making a separate homeland for the Muslims of South Asia was a
British conspiracy or by default. The reality is that, despite living together for thousands of years,
Hindus and Muslims maintained their identities as two different societies. This reality of the
Indian society is accepted by scholars and writers of various time periods. In the early years of
11the century, Al-Biruni, a well known scholar of that time travelled to Indian Subcontinent and
became most important interpreter of Indian science to the Islamic world. Al-Biruni, is
considered as a great scholar of the Medieval Islamic era. Besides being well conversant with
physics and mathematics, he had the honor of being an historian and a neutral writer on custom
and creeds of various nations. He also got the title of al-Ustdadh (The Master), for his
remarkable description of early 11th-century India.
Al-Biruni studied the Indian culture, social customs and value system. Based on his personal
experience and study of Indian society and traditions, he wrote a book, Kitab-ul-Hind. In this
legendary publication, Al-Biruni, wrote about the Hindu and Muslim societies in India as, The
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two societies, Hindus and Muslims, like two streams have sometimes touched but never merged,
each following its separate course. This is also a reality that, in their over eight hundred years
rule, Muslims rulers, never forced the Hindu population or people from other religions and
beliefs to convert to Islam, which is an evidence that, Islam did not spread through the use of
sword.
Syyid Jamal-ad-Din Afghani, an Islamic scholar and a political activist was the greatest advocate
of the Pan-Islamic unity. He visited India in 1855-56, once he was only 18 years old. In his brief
stay and study of the Hindu culture, he also concluded drastic differences between Hindu and
Muslims of the Subcontinent and wanted to unite Muslims for their better and prosperous future.
Under the uncertain conditions, he had to leave India and continued his effort of uniting Muslims
all over the world through his travel all around.
Another Muslim legendary personality of India, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, was the greatest
advocate of the Hindu-Muslim unity. He even once said that, I look to both Hindus and
Muslims with the same eyes and consider them as my own eyes. But, after Hindus
discrimination and rigidity over Urdu-Hindi language controversy in Banaras in 1867, he got
convinced that, it is not possible for the Muslims to live with Hindus, who have no tolerance for
them in a united system. After having this un conceivable experience, he had to say that, I am
convinced now that Hindus and Muslims could never become one nation as their religion and
way of life was quite distinct from each other.
In their subsequent history, Muslims of India were betrayed many a time and finally decided to
struggle for their independent homeland. After giving a clear way forward, Allama Dr
Muhammad Iqbal persuaded Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah to get a separate homeland
for the Muslims of South Asia, we have today in the form of Pakistan. Pakistan indeed is
a blessing of Allah Almighty. Our youth and those being betrayed by the powers having vested
interests must go through the long struggle, our forefathers undertook for attaining this
homeland. They must study the despondent condition of the Indian Muslims today at the hands
of Hindu majority. Pakistan is an ideological Muslim state, based on the concept of two
nation theory, thus we must guard our distinction and integrity.

Importance of Allahabad address

Dr Allama Muhammad Iqbal ranks amongst the Muslim intellectuals who left a deep impact on
history. He inspired Muslims of the Sub-Continent and beyond. He infused a moving spirit and
identity in the Indian Muslims. He presented a framework of their political future and talked how
that would help to achieve the goal of Ummah. He presented a vision and dream in his Allahabad
Address.

Background
The Hindu-Muslim question had great importance and stood crucial to British Indian history
after 1857, especially in the 20th century. To Muslims, the key issue remained separate identity.
They tried their level best to make the rival nations understand that the Muslims are a separate
nation having different culture and civilization, interests and rights. The Two Nations theory
could not fascinate the Hindus and the British peoples because they believed in territorial
nationalism. The Hindus desired to absorb them in their majority but they could not face the
arguments of the Muslim intellectuals. By 1930, Muslims had developed a sense of identity and
political demands. Iqbal delivered his Presidential address in this background.
Iqbals stay in Europe, 1905-08, helped to crystallize his thoughts. He returned to India in 1908
and started work on the roots of Muslim decline and the mechanism to uplift the Muslims. He
reminded them to follow the teachings of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) practically as the ideal
leader. He emphasized on the ideals, teachings and principles of Islam. He sought salvation
through Islam. He was awarded with many prominent social positions:
Title of Sir was conferred in 1922
Member Punjab Legislative Council (1927-1930)
He delivered lectures on Islam in Aligarh, Hyderabad and Madras (1928-29). At Allahabad, he
presided over the meeting and delivered his famous address.

The Address, December 1930

Iqbal presented a review of the political and social situation of India and solution of the ills
befalling India. He evaluated the importance of role of Islam in the lives of Muslims of British
India. He said that the European view of duality of religion and state does not apply here in the
Indian society. Rejecting the secularism he said, religion is not a totally personal affair.
He explained that Islam offers an ethical order, socio-political structure, legal framework, code
of life, culture and civilization. It is a living, dynamic force that has a profound impact on the
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lives of Indian Muslims. With the force of Islam the scattered and disoriented people have been
turned into an organized force.
The Muslims are not willing to submerge their religious individuality. They have lack of trust,
fear of domination from Hindus. If the British want any sort of internal harmony it would be
impossible unless the communal question is settled. Its historical reality that India is a continent
inhabited by diverse people. No political arrangement may be acceptable without recognizing
this reality.
If the Muslims have an opportunity to develop in accordance with their Islamic civilization and
tradition, they would be willing to sacrifice their lives for India.
Federalism cannot succeed without recognizing the national identity of the Muslims.
Territorial redistribution of British India on the basis of religion has become a need of time.
Punjab, NWFP, Sind and Balochistan be amalgamated into a state, self government within the
British empire or without it. The formation of such a consolidated North Western Muslim state
appears to be the final destiny of the Muslims, at least of North West India. To India, it will offer
peace and security due to internal balance of power.
Islam is a people building force in India that has given moral consciousness and political
identity to the people.

Importance
Iqbals address is a forceful and logical presentation of the Muslim case in India. Why should
they be treated as a political entity rather than a minority?
Territorial adjustments will enable the Muslims to develop themselves in accordance with their
ideals and serve the cause of Ummah.
Redistribution of territory developed later on concept of Muslim homeland.
He further expressed these ideas in LETTERS TO JINNAH from May 1936 to November
1937. He talked of a separate federation of Muslim provinces. The North Western India and
Bengal can be considered as entitled to self-determination like other nations in India and outside.
Shariahs development is impossible without a free Muslim state or states. He advised the
Muslims to be above self-interest and devote themselves to Islam.
In difficult times, Islam has saved the Muslims.
Faith, culture and historical traditions are more important than patriotism.

Importance
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IMPORTANCE OF THE ADDRESS

Iqbal's speech at the League session created a mild flutter but generally it was not taken
seriously. Though he had, in detail explained the basis leading to demand a separate homeland.
He mentioned that Islam was not simply the name of a few creeds, the oral reorganization of
which would make our ideal Muslim. It had given its followers, the concept of a particular and
unique

political

society

which

covered

all

the

phases

of

their

life.

Even though the Muslims of South Asia were disorganized and lay scattered in different parts of
the region, yet their central position was the same. They had the same culture, the same history
and same civilization. These elements gave similarity and agreement to all the Muslims of the
Sub Continent on the one hand and made them quite distinct from the Hindus on the other.
In his Presidential address, Allama Iqbal said:
"I would like to see the Punjab, North West Frontier Province, Sind and Baluchistan
amalgamated into a single state. Self government within the British empire without the British
empire, the formation of a consolidated North West Indian Muslim State appears to me to be the
final destiny of the Muslims at least of North West India."
CONCLUSIVE SENTENCES
It is on his Allahabad address that Allama Iqbal is known as the dreamer of Pakistan. His address
proved to be a milestone in the history of the Sub Continent and the creation of Pakistan.

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