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  • Equations of Planes in The Form Ax + by + CZ D

    Încărcat de

    Nagesh Thota
    613 vizualizări4 pagini
    Equations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = D

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    Equations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = D

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    Equations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = D

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    613 vizualizări4 pagini

    Equations of Planes in The Form Ax + by + CZ D

    Încărcat de

    Nagesh Thota
    Equations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = DEquations of planes in the form Ax + By + Cz = D

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
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    din 4

    12/22/2014

    EquationsofplanesintheformAx+By+Cz=D

    (16)EquationsofplanesintheformAx+By+Cz=D
    Thisisanotherusefulwaytodescribeplanes.Itisknownasthecartesianformoftheequationofa
    planebecauseitisintermsofthecartesiancoordinatesx,yandz.
    Theworkingbelowfollowsonfromthepagesinthissectiononfindingvectorequationsofplanes
    andequationsofplanesusingnormalvectors.
    TheformAx+By+Cz=DisparticularlyusefulbecausewecanarrangethingssothatDgivesthe
    perpendiculardistancefromtheorigintotheplane.
    Togetthisniceresult,weneedtoworkwiththeunitnormalvector.Thisisthevectorofunitlength
    whichisnormaltothesurfaceoftheplane.(Therearetwochoiceshere,dependingonwhich
    directionyouchoose,butoneisjustminustheother).
    I'llcallthisunitnormalvectorn.
    NextweseehowusingnwillgiveusD,theperpendiculardistancefromtheorigintotheplane.
    Inthepicturebelow,Pisanypointintheplane.IthaspositionvectorrfromtheoriginO.

    Nowweworkoutthedotproductofrandn.
    Thisgivesusr.n=|r||n|cosA.
    But|n|=1sowehaver.n=|r|cosA=D.
    ThiswillbetruewhereverPliesintheplane.
    Next,wesplitbothrandnintotheircomponents.
    Wewriter=xi+yj+zkandn=n1i+n2j+n3k.
    Thereforer.n=(xi+yj+zk).(n1i+n2j+n3k)=D
    sor.n=xn1+yn2+zn3=D.
    Weseethatn1,n2andn3(thecomponentsoftheunitsurfacenormalvector)giveustheA,BandC
    intheequationAx+By+Cz=D.

    Anumericalexample
    I'veputthisinheresothatyoucanseeeverythingactuallyhappeningandseehowittiesbacktothe
    earlierpagesinthissection.
    WestartwiththeplaneIshowbelow.
    We'lllets=i6j+2kandt=2i2jk

    http://www.netcomuk.co.uk/~jenolive/vect15.html

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    12/22/2014

    EquationsofplanesintheformAx+By+Cz=D

    We'lltakem,thepositionvectoroftheknownpointMintheplane,tobe
    m=2i+3j+5k.
    Pisanypointintheplane,withOP=r=xi+yj+zk.
    First,wefindN,anormalvectortotheplane,byworkingoutthecrossproductofsandt.
    Thisgivessxt=10i+5j+10k=N.
    Thelengthofthisvectorisgivenbythesquarerootof(102+52+102)=15.
    Sotheunitnormalvector,n,isgivenby
    n=1/15(10i+5j+10k)=2/3i+1/3j+2/3k.
    Nowweusen.r=n.m=Dtogettheequationoftheplane.
    Thisgivesus
    (2/3i+1/3j+2/3k).(xi+yj+zk)=(2/3i+1/3j+2/3k).(2i+3j+5k)
    or2/3x+1/3y+2/3z=4/3+3/3+10/3=17/3.
    Theperpendiculardistanceofthisplanefromtheoriginis17/3units.
    Sowhatwouldhavehappenedifwehadfoundtheequationoftheplaneusingthefirstnormalvector
    wefound?
    UsingN.r=N.mgives
    (10i+5j+10k).(xi+yj+zk)=(10i+5j+10k).(2i+3j+5k)
    or10x+5y+10z=20+15+50=85.
    Itisexactlythesameequationastheonewefoundaboveexceptthatitismultipliedthroughbya
    factorof15,and85givesus15timestheperpendiculardistanceoftheoriginfromtheplane.
    Also,areyouconfidentthatyouwillgetthesameequationfortheplaneifyoustartoutwiththe
    positionvectorofadifferentknownpointinit?
    ThepointLalsoliesinthisplane.Itspositionvectorlisgivenbyl=7i7j+5k.
    Checkthatworkingwithlinsteadofmdoesgiveyouthesameequationfortheplane.
    Geometrically,youcanseethatthiswillbeso.

    LandMarebothjustpossiblepositionsofP,sothatbothn.landn.mgivethedistanceD.
    http://www.netcomuk.co.uk/~jenolive/vect15.html

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    12/22/2014

    EquationsofplanesintheformAx+By+Cz=D

    Tryoneforyourself!
    Thetwovectorss=4i+3kandt=8ij+3klieinplaneQ.
    ThepointMalsoliesinQanditspositionvectorfromtheoriginisgivenby
    m=2i+4j+7k.
    Showthattheperpendiculardistanceoftheorigintothisplaneis2unitsandfinditsequation.

    Thegeneralcase
    Thisishowtheworkinggoeswithletterstakingtheplaceofthenumberswehaveusedinthe
    numericalexample.
    misthepositionvectoroftheknownpointintheplane.
    nistheunitsurfacenormaltotheplane.
    We'llletm=x0i+y0j+z0kandn=Ai+Bj+Ck.
    ThepositionvectorofthegeneralpointPintheplaneisgivenby
    r=xi+yj+zkwherethevaluesofx,yandzvaryaccordingtotheparticularPchosen.
    Nowweusen.r=n.m=Dtowritedowntheequationoftheplane.Thisgivesus
    (Ai+Bj+Ck).(xi+yj+zk)=(Ai+Bj+Ck).(x0i+y0j+z0k).=D
    soAx+By+Cz=Ax0+By0+Cz0=D
    or,ifyouprefer,youcanwrite
    A(xx0)+B(yy0)+A(zz0)=0.
    Ifyouhavefoundanormalvectorwhichisnotofunitlength,youwillfirstneedtoscaleitdown.
    SupposeyouhavefoundN=N1i+N2j+N3k.
    ThenthelengthofNisgivenby

    andn,theunitnormalvector,isgivenby

    Now,puttingn=Ai+Bj+Ck,wehave

    Thefollowingtwopageslookathowwewritetheequationsoflinesandplanesin3dimensionsin
    termsofx,yandz.

    Whatdoestheequation3y+4x=12giveus?
    orbacktothepreviouspage
    http://www.netcomuk.co.uk/~jenolive/vect15.html

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    EquationsofplanesintheformAx+By+Cz=D

    orbacktothevectorshomepage

    http://www.netcomuk.co.uk/~jenolive/vect15.html

    4/4

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