International Journal of Exploring Emerging Trends in Engineering (IJEETE)

Vol. 02, Issue 01, JAN, 2015 WWW.IJEETE.COM

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OFCURVED U-SLOT PATCH ANTENNA WITH

ENHANCED BANDWIDTH AND ISOLATION FOR MIMO SYSTEMS
A. K. SHUKLA1

B.V.V. RAVINDRA BABU2

UMESH KUMAR3

Assistant Professor and Head, Dept of EC and IC, College of Science & Engineering ,Jhansi, (U.P.)
Assistant Professor, Dept of EC, Aditya College of Engineering, Madanapalle (AP)
3
PG Student, Dept of EC, College of Science & Engineering, Jhansi, (U.P.)
2

ABSTRACT: The paper presents a compact tri band

Curved U-Slot patch antenna with improved bandwidth and
isolation characteristics. The proposed antenna excited by
coaxial feed resonates at tri band of 2.8 GHz, 4.1 GHz and
5.7 GHz for VSWR 1.5 with an improved bandwidth of
99.7% and also for getting high gain antenna of 11.31 dB. A
22 MIMO is developed using the proposed antenna giving
an excellent isolation of 28 dB between the two antennas.
The simulation results of return loss, Mutual Coupling,
Gain, VSWR, Surface Current Distribution and Electrical
Distribution are presented. By keeping the substrate
thickness constant over various dielectric constants,
simulations were carried out using MATLAB and HFSS
(High Frequency Structure Simulator) software.
Keywords: Curved U-slot patch antenna, Impedance
bandwidth, Mutual coupling and Dielectric constant.
INTRODUCTION
Microstrip or patch antennas are most preferred
antennas because they can be printed directly onto a circuit
board. Microstrip antennas are becoming very popular
within the mobile phone market. Patch antennas are low
cost, have a low profile and are easily fabricated.
The major disadvantage of microstrip antennas is
their low bandwidth. The U shaped patch antennas gained
popularity due to their wideband nature. In 1995 a broad
band single layer probe fed patch antenna with a u-shaped
slot was presented by Huynh and Lee [1] and [5]. However,
the general microstrip antennas suffer from narrow
bandwidth, which limits their application in modern
communication systems like MIMO systems etc. Recently,
tri-band antennas gained attention as they can be used for
various applications including Wi Max [6].
MIMO technology gained popularity in wireless
communications as they offer significant data throughput
and link range without additional bandwidth or increased
transmit power. Also they achieve array gain that improves
the spectral efficiency and diversity gain that improves the
link reliability with reduced fading .Because of these
properties, MIMO is an important part of modern wireless
communication standards such as IEEE 803.11 in (Wi-Fi),
4G, 3GPP Long Term Evolution, Wi-MAX and HSPA+.

ISSN 2394-0573

The main parameter regarding MIMO systems is

mutual coupling, which depends on the distance between the
elements in a MIMO system. If the distance is more, the
mutual coupling between antennas becomes less and vice
versa. Hence, by increasing the distance between the
elements we can reduce the mutual coupling between the
antennas. However, the distance between the antennas
cannot be maintained too large, since MIMO systems have
their major applications in Mobile terminals, laptops, and
WLAN Access Points Wireless communications [4], where
size of the device cant be maintained too large. The main
source of mutual coupling is surface current flowing through
ground in order to reduce these, there are several techniques
like Electromagnetic band gap structure, defected ground
structure [8,9], decoupling techniques, etc However, all
these methods make the design of the antenna entangled.
In the present work, a Curved U-Slot patch antenna
MIMO system is proposed with improved bandwidth and
reduced mutual coupling. The desired antenna resonates at a
tri-band of 2.8 GHz, 4.1 GHz, and 5.7 GHz frequencies with
an improved impedance bandwidth of 99.7% (2.3 GHz-7
GHz) and the obtained mutual coupling between the antenna
elements is small and is less than -28 db.In section 2, the
proposed antenna geometry is presented and in Section 3 the
two element MIMO array system is presented.
ANTENNA DESIGN
The main objective of the antennas used in MIMO
systems is to improve the bandwidth of the patch antenna.
The dielectric constant of the substrate decides the
bandwidth of the microstrip antennas. Low dielectric
constant of the substrate produces larger bandwidth, while
high dielectric constant of the substrate results in smaller
size and low bandwidth [7]. The bandwidth of microstrip
antennas can be increased by several techniques such as
keeping parasitic elements on the patches, increasing the
substrate thickness, inserting slots and using defected
ground structures [9].The patch antennas are fabricated with
various shapes and most of them are widely designed
antennas are E shaped patch antenna, H shaped patch
antenna [10] etc. Among all these antennas, E shaped patch

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International Journal of Exploring Emerging Trends in Engineering (IJEETE)

Vol. 02, Issue 01, JAN, 2015 WWW.IJEETE.COM
antennas are widely used as they give better performance in
terms of both impedance bandwidth and mutual coupling.
The U-Slot patch antenna can be formed by cutting three
rectangular slots on a rectangular patch and also using
polyline to cut frontends and edges of the rectangular slots
as shown in Figure 1.The dimensions of the geometry are
given in the Table 1. For better performance, a thick
dielectric substrate having a low dielectric constant is
desirable as it provides better efficiency, larger bandwidth
and better radiation. Here, the substrate selected for the
design of the proposed antenna is RT/duroid5880 of
thickness 6.4 mm and with low permittivity (r=2.2). The
dimensions of the substrate are taken as 60 40 6.4 mm3.

Simulator) software. The analysis on results obtained for

different parameters of proposed antenna is as follows:
RETURN LOSS
Return loss indicates the amount of delivered
power loss due to reflections.It is the ratio of power
reflected to the power delivered expressed in negative
logarithmic dB. The more return loss tends to negative
value,the effective is the power delivery.The proposed
antenna is operated at the frequency of 3 GHz and it
resonates at 2.8 GHz with wide band characteristics. The
range of frequencies between 2.3 GHz-7 GHz is covered
within a single broad band. The return loss, S11= -25dB can
be measured from the plot at the centre frequency of 5.7
GHz.The impedance bandwidth measured from the plot is
99.7% which ismore than the maximum available
bandwidth. The return loss plot of the designed antenna is
shown in the figure 2.

Figure 2:The return loss of the proposed antenna.

Figure 1: The top and side views of the proposed Curved

U-Slot patch antenna
Table 1: The dimensions of the patch and substrate are
in millimeters

Here, the substrate selected for the design of the

proposed antenna is verified by using different materials
such asRT/duroid5880, Epoxy, FR4_epoxy and Rogers
RO60006 among all these parameters RT/duroid5880
substrate produces high impedance bandwidth as shown in
Table 2 and the return loss plot is sown in Figure3.
Table 2:Different bandwidths obtained for different
materials.
S.NO
.

Material

Dielectric
constant

Impedance
Band Width

1)

Rogers
RT/Duroid5880

2.2

99.6%

Epoxy

3.6

59.8%

The proposed antenna resonates at tri-band of 2.8

GHz, 4.1 GHz and 5.7 GHz frequencies for VSWR 1.5
with an improved impedance bandwidth of 99.7% and a

2)

reduced mutual coupling of -28 dB. The antenna has been

3)

FR4 epoxy

4.4

55.6%

simulated by using HFSS software.

4)

Rogers RO6006

6.15

26%

RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

The proposed antenna
MATLAB and HFSS (High

ISSN 2394-0573

is simulated using
Frequency Structure

As the dielectric constant of the material increases

then the bandwidth will decrease we can observe in the

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International Journal of Exploring Emerging Trends in Engineering (IJEETE)

Vol. 02, Issue 01, JAN, 2015 WWW.IJEETE.COM
Table 2. Figure 3 shows the return loss plot of different
materials with a dielectric constant ranges from 2.2 to 6.2.
Figure 3:The return loss plot of Different bandwidths
obtained for different materials.
RADIATION PATTERN
Radiation pattern is a graphical representation of the antenna
radiation properties as a function of spherical coordinates in
desired direction The radiation or antenna pattern describes
the relative strength of the radiated field in various
directions from the antenna, at a constant distance. The
radiation pattern is a reception pattern as well, since it also
describes the receiving properties of the antenna. The
radiation characteristics of the designed antenna is
represented by the 2D radiation pattern at Phi=0 deg, Phi=90
deg for all theta as observed from the fig-8.The patch's
radiation at the fringing fields results in a certain far field
radiation pattern. This radiation pattern shows that the
antenna radiates more power in a certain direction than
another direction.

(c) 5.7 GHz

Figure 8: Radiation patterns of the proposed antenna
The variations of power radiated by the proposed antenna at
triple band are shown here.

Figure 9: 3D polar plot of the proposed antenna

EXPORT PARAMETERS
Peak Directivity
2.15902
Radiated Power
0.0116695(W)
Accepted Power
0.0117432(W)
Incident Power
0.0120757(W)
Radiation Efficiency 0.99373

(a) 2.8 GHz

ISSN 2394-0573

(b) 4.1 GHz

CONCLUSION
In this paper, a novel compact tri band Curved USlot patch antenna is proposed and a two element MIMO
array is developed using the proposed antenna has a
compact size of 60mmx40mm.The proposed antenna excited
by coaxial feed resonates at tri band of 2.8 GHz, 4.1 GHz
and 5.7 GHz for VSWR 1.5 with an improved bandwidth
of 99.7% and also for getting high gain antenna of 11.31 dB
was obtained using RT/duroid5880 substrate material
which a dielectric constant of 2.2. A 22 MIMO is
developed using the proposed antenna giving an excellent
isolation of 28 dB between the two antennas. In this paper,
design of for small-size wide-bandwidth patch antennas has
been presented. These designs combine the wideband U-slot

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International Journal of Exploring Emerging Trends in Engineering (IJEETE)

Vol. 02, Issue 01, JAN, 2015 WWW.IJEETE.COM
and different substrate material. The results prove that using
a substrate material with a lower dielectric constant
substrate constant in design of MPA leads to better
performance. The proposed antenna is expected to have
numerous applications in the modern communication
systems such as 4G, WLAN,Wi-MAX, UMTS and Ultra
Wide Band applications. The proposed study can be
extended by employing more number of antennas in MIMO
system for improving the channel capacity of the MIMO
systems in future.

REFERENCES
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Huynh and R. Q. Lee, Experimental and simulation studies
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(1997) October, pp. 354-358.
[2] ShahramMohanna, Ali Farahbakhsh, and SaeedTavakoli
Mutual Coupling Reduction in Two-Dimensional Array of
Microstrip Antennas Using Concave Rectangular Patches
International Journal of Telecommunications, Volume 2,
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[3] K. L. Wong, Compact and Broadband Microstrip
Antennas. New York: Wiley, 2002.
[4] P.Kiran,
R.Chiramjeevi,
T.Chaitanya
Reddy,
D.SushmaSree, A Triband U- Slot Patch Antenna with
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International Journal of Energy, Information and
Communications Vol.4, Issue 5 (2013), pp.1-14
[6] T. Huynh and K. F. Lee, Single-layer single-patch
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16, (1995), pp. 13101312.
[7] K. J. Babu, K. S. R. Krishna and L. P. Reddy, A triband
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[8] D. M. Pozar, Microstrip Antennas, Proc. IEEE, vol.
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[10] K. J. Babu, K. S. R. Krishna and L. P. Reddy, A Multi
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[11] S. C. Gao, L. W. Li, M. S. Leong and T. S. Yeo,

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AUTHORS BIBLOGRAPHY

UMESH KUMAR Received

B.E
in
Electronics
&
Communication
Engineering
from
ANNA
University,
Tamilnadu, INDIA. Presently he
is
pursuing
M.Tech
in
Electronics & Communication
Engineering from UPTU Lucknow (UP) INDIA.
He attended so many National Conferences,
Workshops and Published Many Papers in
National and International Journals.
A K. SHUKLA Received
B.Tech
and
M.Tech
in
Electronics & Communication
Engineering from U.P.T.U.
LUCKNOW INDIA. Presently
Working as Asst. Professor and
HOD of EC & IC Departments in SRGI JHANSI
(UP). He attended so many National Conferences,
Workshops and Published Many Papers in
National and International Journals

All Rights Reserved 2014 IJEETE

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International Journal of Exploring Emerging Trends in Engineering (IJEETE)

Vol. 02, Issue 01, JAN, 2015 WWW.IJEETE.COM

B.V.V
RAVINDRABABU
Received B.Tech in Electronics &
Communication Engineering from
M.I.S.T- SATTUPALLI (JNTU)
and M.Tech in VLSI DESIGN from
Sathyabama
Universit y,
Chennai .Presently working as
Asst. Professor (ECE Department) in Aditya
College of Engineering, Madanapalle (AP). He
attended many National Conferences, Workshops
and Published Many Papers in National and
International Journals.

ISSN 2394-0573

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