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ABSTRACT
In the present paper it is proposed to study some magnetic fields with conservative Lorentz force in confocal
paraboloidal coordinates, neglecting the effects of displacement current. It has been shown that self-superposable flow of
an electrically conducting incompressible fluid permeated by a magnetic field with conservative Lorentz force may
constitute a magnetohydrostatic configuration under certain conditions. Some such possible configurations have been
attempted for the conducting fluid flowing in confocal paraboloidal ducts and pressure distributions of these configurations
have also been determined.
LORENTZ FORCE
Let the Lorentz force be represented by
r r
r
L=
H curlH
4
r
Here H and denote the magnetic field and permeability respectively. Now suppose that
r
so that we may express L as
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(1.1)
be required scalar
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26
r
L=
grad
4
(1.2)
Equating the various terms of (1.1) and (1.2) in confocal paraboloidal coordinates (11), we get
Lu =
H w ( a 2 w)(b 2 w)
(a 2 u )(b 2 u )
2
(
w
uH
)
(
u
wH
)
u
w
2 ( w u )
( w v)
w
(u w)
u
H v (a 2 w)(b 2 w)
(
u
vH
)
v
(u w)
(u w)
u
(1.3)
(a 2 v )(b 2 v)
Hu (a2 u)(b2 u)
v
uH
Lv =
(
u
vH
)
u
v
(v w)
v
2 (u w)
(u w)
u
H w ( a 2 v)(b 2 v )
(a2 w)(b2 w)
(
v
wH
)
2
( w vHv )
w
(v w)
(v u )
v
(w u)
w
(1.4)
H (a2 w)(b2 w)
(a2 w)(b2 w)
Hv (a2 v)(b2 v)
u
w
vH
2
(
)
( wuHu)
Lw =
( v wHw)
2
v
(w
u
)
w
(w
u)
(wv) w
4 (v w)
(v u)
v
(a2 u)(b2 u)
( u wH w )
(u v)
u
Here
( Lu , Lv , Lw )
and
( H u ,H v , H w )
(1.5)
r
r
L and H at every point ( u , v, w )
in confocal
(a2 u)(b2 u) r
(a2 v)(b2 v) r
(a 2 w)(b2 w) r
grad = 2
i1 + 2
i2 +2
i3
(v u)(w u) u
(w v)(u v) v
(u w)(v w) w
(1.6)
r r r
where i1 , i2 , i3 are the unit vectors along
u, v, w axes
1 (v u )( w u )
=
Lu
u 2 (a 2 u )(b 2 u )
(1.7)
1 (w v)(u v )
=
Lv
v 2 (a 2 v )(b 2 v )
(1.8)
27
1 (u w)(v w)
=
Lw
w 2 (a 2 w)(b 2 w)
Values of
(1.9)
when substituted in
, ,
u v w
du +
dv +
dw
v
w
u
will give
(1.10)
r
r
H should satisfy the continuity equation divH = 0
2 (a 2 v)(b2 v)
2 (a 2 u)(b2 u)
(v w)(v u)Hv
(u v)(u w)Hu +
(u v)(v w) v
(u v)(w u) u
2 (a2 w)(b2 w)
+
(w u)(w v)Hw = 0
(v w)(w u) w
(1.11)
In order to make equation (1.11) integrable we may consider the following cases
Case I- when H u
Hu = 0
F (u ) (w)
Hv =
(v w)(v u )
F1 (u ) (v)
Hw =
(w u )(w v)
(i)
(1.12)
u ; (v)and ( w) the
r
L
given by
2{ ( w)}2 F (u ) F (u )
2{ (v)}2 F1 (u ) F1(u )
2{F1 (u)}2 (v) (v)
du
du
+
dv
(v u )
( w v) ( w u )
( w u ) ( w v)
( w v)
2 F(u)F1(u)(w) 2
(v)dv
(a w)(b2 w)
(w v)
(w v) (a2 v)(b2 v)
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(w)dw
(v w) (a w)(b w)
2
dw
( v w)
(1.13)
Now it is clear that magnetic field (12) must have Lorentz conservative force as it is represented by the gradient of
a scalar quantity
By choosing different suitable sets of values of F (u), F1(u), (v)and ( w) , we get a number of magnetic fields
with conservative Lorentz force. One of such field can be obtained by taking
F (u ) = F1 (u ) = (a 2 u )(b 2 u )
2
2
(v) = (a v)(b v)
( w) = (a 2 w)(b 2 w)
= 2
(1.14)
Hu = 0
2
2
2
2
(a u )(b u )(a w)(b w)
Hv =
(v w)(v u )
2
2
2
2
(a u )(b u )(a v)(b v)
H w = 2
(w u )(w v)
(1.15)
for this magnetic field represented by equation (1.15), the Lorentz force can be represented by the gradient of a
scalar quantity
given by
4(a 2 v)(b 2 v) a 2 + b 2
(a 2 w)(b 2 w) a 2 + b 2
{(
w)log(w u) u}
{(
v )log(v u ) u}
( w v)
2
( w v)
2
=2
( w u )(v u )
(1.16)
Similarly one more magnetic field with conservative Lorentz force is given by
Hu = 0
Hv =
(v w)(v u )
Hw =
(w u )(w v)
then Lu
(1.17)
= Lv = Lw = 0
29
and
= constant
(1.18)
1 1 (v)1 ( w)
(u v )(u w)
Hv = 0
F (u) 2 (v)
Hw = 1 2
(w u )(w v )
(i)
(1.19)
and
( w v)
( w u ) (a 2 w)(b 2 w)
(w u)
( w v)
(u v)
( w v)
(u v)
2
2
1
1 1 (v ) 2 (v ) F2 (u ) ( a u )(b u )
2(u v)
(u w)
(u w) (a 2 w)(b 2 w)
1 ( w)dw
(1.20)
(a 2 v )(b 2 v )( a 2 w)(b 2 w)
(u v )(u w)
Hv = 0
( a 2 u )(b 2 u )( a 2 v)(b 2 v)
H w = 21
(w u )(w v)
H u = 1
(ii)
(1.21)
and
4(a2 u)(b2 u) a2 + b2
(a 2 v)(b 2 v )(4u 2 + w2 4uv vw)
=
{(
w)log(w v) v} +
( w v)(u v )
(wu)
2
2
1
(a 2 w)(b 2 w) a 2 + b 2
{(
u )log(u v) v}
(w u)
2
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(1.22)
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(u v)(u w)
Hv = 0
Hw =
(w u )(w v)
Hu =
(iii)
(1.23)
and =constant
(1.24)
Hu =
2 3 (v) 2 ( w)
(u v)(u w)
2 F3 (u)3 ( w)
Hv =
(v w)(v u )
Hw = 0
(i)
(1.25)
and
(u v)
Hu = 2
(ii)
Hv = 2
Hw = 0
dv +
F3 (u )du
(v u ) (a 2 w)(b 2 w)
3 (v)dv
(u v) (a 2 v)(b 2 v)
(w v)
(u v)(u w)
2
2
2
2
(a u)(b u)(a w)(b w)
(v w)(v u)
2
2
dw 2 { 3 (v)} 2 (w) 2 (w) dw
(v u )
(w u )
(1.26)
(1.27)
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Then
2
2
a 2 + b2
( a 2 w)(b 2 w)(v u )(u + v w) (a u )(b u )
+
{w (
v )log( w v )}
(v u )
2
(u w)(v w)
= 22
a 2 + b2
( a 2 v)(b 2 v )
{w (
u ) log( w u )}
(v u )
2
(iii)
(1.28)
(u v )(u w )
2
=
(v u )(v w )
= 0
(1.29)
= constant
(1.30)
In the above discussion all the nine magnetic fields in confocal paraboloidal coordinates given by (1.12), (1.15),
(1.17), (1.19), (1.21), (1.23), (1.25), (1.27) and (1.29) have conservative Lorentz values and one of these (1.12), (1.15),
(1.19), (1.21), (1.25), (1.27) are pressure balanced fields and it is a well-known fact that in such fields lines of force and
current are situated in the surface
= constant. The other fields (1.17), (1.23) and (1.29) are force free magnetic fields.
r
q denotes the fluid velocity of an electrically conducting incompressible flud permeated by a magnetic field
r
H and the density, the steady state consists of all solutions of the equation given by (4).
r
curl (q ) q
r
r
r
1
(curlH ) H = gradp grad ( q 2 ) + F
4
2
(1.31)
r r
curl ( q H ) = 0
(1.32)
r
Here the body force F will contain no frictional force.
Let qu, qv and qw be the components of
qu = 0
AUW
qv =
(v w)(v u )
BU1V
qw =
(w u )(w v)
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r
q at any point (u, v, w) in confocal paraboloidal coordinates.
(1.33)
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2
2
2
2
(a u )(b u )(a w)(b w)
qv = A
(v w)(v u )
2
2
2
2
(a u )(b u )(a v)(b v)
qw = 2 A
( w u )(w v)
qu = 0
qu = 0
C1
qv =
(v w)(v u )
D1
qw =
(w u )(w v)
AVW
1 1 1
(u v)(u w)
qv = 0
BU
V
1 2 2
qw =
(w u )(w v)
(1.34)
(1.35)
qu =
(u v )(u w)
qv = 0
(a 2 u )(b 2 u )( a 2 v )(b 2 v)
qw = 2 A1
(w u )(w v)
qu = A1
C2
(u v)(u w)
qv = 0
D2
qw =
( w u )( w v )
qu =
A2V3W2
(u v)(u w)
B2U 3W3
qv =
(v w)(v u )
qw = 0
(1.36)
(1.37)
(1.38)
qu =
qu = A2
qv = A2
qw = 0
(u v )(u w)
2
2
2
2
( a u )(b u )(a w)(b w)
(v w)(v u )
(1.39)
(1.40)
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C2
(u v)(u w)
D2
qv =
(v w)(v u )
qw = 0
qu =
(1.41)
Where U, U1, U2, U3 are the integrable functions of u; V, V1, V2, V3 are functions of v and W, W1, W2, W3 are the
functions of w. Also A, A1, A2, B, B1, B2, C, C1, C2, D, D1, and D2 are constants which may be determined by boundary
conditions.
Now, let us consider the flow of an electrically conducting incompressible fluid with velocity q [given by
equation (1.33)] acted upon by the magnetic field given by equation (1.12), if
F (u ) = U (u )
F1 (u ) = U 1 (u )
(w) = W ( w)
(v ) = V (v )
A
=
4
=
B
4
(1.42)
Then the flow (1.33) and magnetic field (1.12) will satisfy the equation (1.32). Also we have
r
q=
r
H
4
(1.43)
Walen (13, 14) has shown that equation (1.42) is always a solution of equation (1.32) if
r
F =0
1
P + q 2 = cos t.
2
(1.44)
Thus the flow of an electrically conducting incompressible fluid with velocity given by equation (1.33) acted upon
by the magnetic field given by equation (1.12) constitute a magneto-hydrostatic configuration if there are no external
forces, then equation (1.42) is satisfied and pressure distribution is given by
1 1U 2W 2 2U12V 2
P = const.
(v w) (v u )
(w u )
(1.45)
CONCLUSIONS
Magnetohydrostatic configurations thus found may be either pressure balanced type or in very special cases force
free type (5). In all these, no secondary flow will be possible because the magnetic forces would just balance the
centrifugal effects (12).
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