186A

Method of Characteristics (USGS-MOC) to model a hypothetical aquifer. The shortcomings of this and similar models,
which can result in significant errors, especially in the short
term. are highlighted.
875107
Channel model of flow through fractured media
Tsang, Y W; Tsang. C F
Water Resour Res V23, N3, March 1987, P467-479
A model has been developed to describe fluid transport
through fractured rocks in terms of flow through interconnected channels. The channels are characterised by an aperture density distribution function and a spatial correlation
length. Calculated tracer breakthrough curves have features
which correspond ~ell to recent published data. supporting
the validity of the model. Predictions for tracer breakthrough
curves for single fractures under different normal stress may be
compared to laboratory results to validate the model.
875108
Evaluation of a technique for simulating a compacting aquifer
system in the Central Valley of California, USA
Prudic, D E; Williamson, A K
Proc 3rd International Symposium on Land Subsidence,
Venice, 19-25 March 1984 P53-63. Publ Wallingford." IAHS
In several parts of Central Valley, groundwater pumping has
exceeded recharge, causing the water level to drop by up to
120m. This decline has increased the effective stress on lenses
of compressible fine grained deposits and resulting inelastic
compaction has led to surface subsidence. The three dimensional computer program of Trescott (1975) for basic water
flow, modified to account for water released by inelastic compaction, has been used to evaluate the aquifer system.
875109
Deformation properties of fractured rock and their influence
on fluid flow
Carlsson, A
Proc International Symposium on Engineering in Complex
Rock Formations, Belting, 3-7 November, 1986 P163-168.
Publ BeO'ing: Science Press, 1986
Conventional borehole injection tests do not realistically represent the conditions which occur after stress redistribution
caused by underground excavations. In order to assess the
reaction of water bearing fractures to changes in the active
stress field, injection tests were carried out in a fractured rock
mass which could be loaded by hydraulic jacks. The test configuration and some results are presented.

875111
Testing of model footings on reclaimed land, Veabamun,
Alberta
Thomson. S: Scott, J D: Sego, D C: Schulz, T M
Can Geotech J V23. N4. No~" 1986. P541-547
Model tests were carried out on footings on reclaimed mine
spoil, dominated by disaggregated clay shale. Settlement of the
spoil arises from self weight, increase in overburden, and, in
particular, saturation, lm square footings on layers of
preloaded compacted soil, compacted soil flyash, or flyash
were loaded to 61kPa. Settlement ~as small but became intolerable if the soil beneath the footing became saturated. Preventative or remedial measures are considered.
875112
Black shale heaving at Sainte-Foy. Quebec, Canada
Berube. M A: Locat, J: Gelinas. P: Chagnon. J Y:
Lefrancois, P
Can J Earth Sci V23, N11. Not" 1986. P1774.1781
Ground heave of up to 10cm has been observed for foundations in black shale of the Sainte-Foy formation. This is
caused by oxidation of pyrites and crystallisation of sulphate
minerals in rock fractures. The reaction products have been
examined by energy dispersive x-ray chemical analysis
(EDXA). Comparisons are made between black shales from
the Sainte-Foy and Ottawa areas.
875113
Mapped infinite elements in soil consolidation
Simoni, L; Schrefler, B A
Int J Num Meth Engng V24. N3. Alarch 1987. P513-527
Problems of consolidation often involve unbounded continua.
The most common solution is then achieved by limiting the
studied area through the introduction, at a finite distance, of a
boundary on which adequate conditions on the field are
imposed. Mapped infinite elements are here used to model the
far-field solution. Spatial discretization is hence performed on
the basis of both finite and infinite elements. In two examples,
solutions involving finite and infinite elements are compared
with known analytical solutions and it is shown that an excellent agreement can be achieved by the use of mapped infinite
elements. Auth.
875114
Theory for dynamic compaction of wet porous solids
Drumheller, D S
lnt J Solids Struct V23, N2, 1987, P211-237

875110
Role of lateral stresses on soil water relations in swelling
clays
Richards, B G
Aust J Soil Res V24, N4, 1986, P457-476

Partially saturated porous materials show complex behaviour

including dilatancy, irreversible crushing of pores, and plastic
distortion. The pressure produced by compression of pore
fluids affects these phenomena, and wet and dry solids behave
differently. These phenomena are described within the framework of the theory of immiscible mixtures. Material representation developed for the hydrostatic compression of dry solids
is generalised to wet solids subject to distortional and volumetric deformation. Results of stress wave calculations are compared with field tests on the explosive compaction of a
partially saturated tuff.

Moisture characteristics of swelling soils are usually different

from those of non-swelling soils and generally more difficult to
interpret in field situations. An analysis is presented which
takes into account the effects of three dimensional stress state
on soil water potential, and thus on equilibrium soil water
profiles in the field. Effects of in situ stress and stresses due to
shrinkage and swelling on soil suction are evaluated. Examples
illustrate the magnitude of the effects of incorporating lateral
stresses in the analysis.

875115
Calpha/Cc concept and Ko during secondary compression
Mesri, G; Castro, A
J Geotech Engng Div ASCE Vl13, N3, March 1987, P230247
This concept was developed to analyse secondary settlement.
It is used to predict the behaviour of the coefficient of earth
pressure at rest during secondary compression. It indicates

Compressibility, swelling and consolidation

See also: 875157, 875191

~ 1987 Pergamon Journals Ltd. Reproduction not permitted