Sleep: Neurobiology, Medicine

and Society
Class Overview
Ralph Lydic, Ph.D.
Burt La Du Professor Emeritus, University of Michigan
Robert H. Cole Professor of Neuroscience,
Psychology & Anesthesiology, University of Tennessee

Images used with permission of Dr. Lavie

Sleep: Neurobiology, Medicine

and Society

Neurobiology of Sleep and Wakefulness

Helen A. Baghdoyan, Ph.D., University of Tennessee
Learning Points:

- Historical Overview:
Brainstem & Forebrain
- Molecules Regulating Wake
and REM sleep: monoamines,
acetylcholine & GABA, orexin

- NREM Sleep: GABA, adenosine

Genetic Basis of Sleep

Chiara Cirelli, M.D., Ph.D., University of Wisconsin
Learning Points:
Sleep and wakefulness alter molecular biology
and gene expression.

Genetics modulate synaptic plasticity, energy
metabolism, and cellular stress response.

Genes alter human sleep phenotypes.

Math Modeling of Sleep Wake Cycles

Victoria Booth, Ph.D., University of Michigan
Learning Points:

- Neuronal discharge patterns used
to create mathematical models
with predictive power
- Quantitative models can suggest novel
experiments.
- Agreement between empiric data and
math model can validate understanding
of how the brain regulates sleep.

Lotka-Volterra
Y = LC/DR REM OFF
X represents REM ON
X(t) = aX - bXY
Y(t) = -cY + dXY

Am J. Physiol 251: 1011, 1986

Sleep: Neurobiology, Medicine

and Society

Sleep Medicine Historical Perspective

1970:

1989:

1993:

1996:

2001:

2010:

2013:

1st Sleep Disorders Center Stanford University

1st comprehensive textbook on sleep medicine
1st National Center for Sleep Disorders Research at NIH
Sleep medicine an AMA-recognized medical specialty
1st comprehensive class on sleep offered at UM
2,075 sleep centers in the U.S. accredited by AASM
60th Anniversary of discovery of REM sleep

Overview of Sleep Disorders

Ronald Chervin, M.D., University of Michigan
Learning Points:

- Prevalence of disordered sleep
- Broad personal & health impact
- Classification schemes
- Clinical approaches
- Polysomnography
- Classification of sleep disorders

Disordered Sleep and Breathing

Helena Schotland, M.D., University of Michigan
Learning Points:

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
- Clinical features
- Risk factors
- Pathogenesis
- OSA and cardiovascular disease
- Treatment
- Treatment outcome studies

Sleep and Psychiatric Disorders

Eric Nofzinger, M.D., University of Pittsburgh
Learning Points:

- Sleep disruption is a risk factor for

the development of psychiatric
disorders.

- Subjective and objective measures
of sleep are disturbed in a variety of
psychiatric disorders.

- There are significant overlaps
between the neural control of sleep
and the neurobiology of psychiatric
disorders.

Insomnia: Causes and Consequences

Chris Drake, Ph.D., Henry Ford Hospital
Learning Points:

- Clinical presentation and nocturnal/
diurnal aspects of insomnia

- The multi-component model of insomnia
- Basic tenants underlying behavioral
treatments of insomnia
- Pharmacological treatment of insomnia

Treatment of Insomnia
J. Todd Arnedt, Ph.D., University of Michigan
Learning Points:

- Drug and non-drug options are effective
for treatment of insomnia.

- Drug treatments work more rapidly, but
non-drug treatments have better longterm outcome.
- Opportunities for research

Sleep and Anesthesia

George Mashour, M.D., Ph.D., University of Michigan
Learning Points:

Similarities and differences:

-Phenotypes of sleep and
anesthesia

-Underling neurobiology

- Can states of anesthesia
satisfy some functions of
sleep?

Sleep: Neurobiology, Medicine

and Society

Circadian Rhythms, Sleep & Health

Theresa Lee, Ph.D., University of Tennessee
Learning Points:
- Health impact of sleep
- Circadian aspects of sleep
- Life-span change

- Sleep Hygiene

Daytime Sleepiness & Sleep Need

Thomas Roth, Ph.D., Henry Ford Hospital
Learning Points:
- Some degree of sleepiness is
common in the general population.
- Sleep-related car accidents are a
significant public health concern.

- Sleepiness is regulated by duration
and quality of nocturnal sleep,
circadian rhythms, CNS acting
drugs, and CNS pathology.

Citations
Credit: NASA Earth Observatory/NOAA NGDC

"Insomnia" by Karli M. is licensed under CC BY 2.0

h#p://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:
Car_accident_-_NSE_Malaysia.jpg