Adding Rational Express

Adding Rational Expressions
Lesson 8C
Patrick White
April 21, 2009
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Outline
Lesson 8C
Introduction
Adding with Like Denominators
Adding with Unlike Denominators
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Objective
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Objective
This unit is about rational expressions, which are like fractions. Last class
we learned how to multiply and simplify rational expressions. Today we
will learn to add and subtract them. In future classes, our adding and
subtracting problems will be more involved. Todays problems have all the
same steps as the hard problems. But the algebra is easier!
Homework
Please complete the even numbered problems on Worksheet 8C.
Homework points will be given for correct answers only!
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Outline
Lesson 8C
Introduction
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The LCM (least-common-multiple) of two numbers is the smallest

number that is a multiple of both.
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The LCM of 10 and 15 is 30.
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the LCM of 36 and 72 is 72.
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The LCM of of 12 and 14 is 84.
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To add rational expressions with like denominators, you simply add the
numerators, and keep the denominator.
3x + y
2x 7y
+
=
2
x y
x 2y
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(3x + y ) + (2x 7y )
5x 6y
3x + y
2x 7y
=
+
=
2
2
2
x y
x 2y
x y
x y
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(3x + y ) + (2x 7y )
5x 6y
3x + y
2x 7y
=
+
=
2
2
2
x y
x 2y
x y
x y
To add rational expressions with unlike denominators, you must first find
the LCM of the denominators, or the LCD (least common denominator).
3x
4x 1
+
=??
2
2
x y
xy
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Outline
Lesson 8C
Introduction
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Example 1
x +y
3x + 6y
+ 2
2
x y
x y
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Example 1
x +y
3x + 6y
+ 2
2
x y
x y
=
=
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(3x + 6y ) + (x + y )
x 2y
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Example 1
x +y
3x + 6y
+ 2
2
x y
x y
=
=
=
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(3x + 6y ) + (x + y )
x 2y
4x + 7y
x 2y
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Example 2
5x
x 5y
36xy
36xy
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Example 2
5x
x 5y
36xy
36xy
=
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(x 5y ) (5x)
36xy
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Example 2
5x
x 5y
36xy
36xy
=
=
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(x 5y ) (5x)
36xy
4x 5y
36xy
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Example 3
5x
x + 3y
+
24y 3
24y 3
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Example 3
5x
x + 3y
+
24y 3
24y 3
=
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5x + (x + 3y )
24y 3
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Example 3
5x
x + 3y
+
24y 3
24y 3
=
=
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5x + (x + 3y )
24y 3
6x + 3y
24y 3
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Example 3
5x
x + 3y
+
24y 3
24y 3
=
=
=
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5x + (x + 3y )
24y 3
6x + 3y
24y 3
3(2x + y )
24y 3
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Example 3
5x
x + 3y
+
24y 3
24y 3
=
=
=
=
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5x + (x + 3y )
24y 3
6x + 3y
24y 3
3(2x + y )
24y 3
2x + y
8y 3
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Example 4
5a 6b
6a
2
25b
25b 2
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Example 4
5a 6b
6a
2
25b
25b 2
=
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(5a 6b) (6a)

25b 2
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Example 4
5a 6b
6a
2
25b
25b 2
=
=
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(5a 6b) (6a)

25b 2
a 6b
25b 2
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Example 5
x + 3y
x y
+
30x 3
30x 3
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Example 5
x + 3y
x y
+
30x 3
30x 3
=
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(x + 3y ) + (x y )
30x 3
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Example 5
x + 3y
x y
+
30x 3
30x 3
=
=
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(x + 3y ) + (x y )
30x 3
2x + 2y
30x 3
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Example 5
x + 3y
x y
+
30x 3
30x 3
=
=
=
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(x + 3y ) + (x y )
30x 3
2x + 2y
30x 3
2(x + y )
30x 3
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Example 5
x + 3y
x y
+
30x 3
30x 3
=
=
=
=
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(x + 3y ) + (x y )
30x 3
2x + 2y
30x 3
2(x + y )
30x 3
x +y
15x 3
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Example 6
x 6y
6x + y
10y
10y
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Example 6
x 6y
6x + y
10y
10y
=
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(6x + y ) (x 6y )
10y
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Example 6
x 6y
6x + y
10y
10y
=
=
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(6x + y ) (x 6y )
10y
5x + 7y
10y
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Outline
Lesson 8C
Introduction
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The Steps for Unlike Denominators
To add or subtract rational expressions, you must get the same

denominators first. If the denominators are different you must
1
Find the LCD (least common denominator)
Find what each denominator is missing from the LCD.
Multiply each fraction on top and bottom by what its denominator is

missing.
Add or subtract the numerators; denominator stays the same!
Simplify
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Example 7
4x
5
5
6y
The LCD is
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Example 7
4x
5
5
6y
The LCD is 30y .
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Example 7
4x
5
5
6y
The LCD is 30y . Multiply each fraction by what the denominator is
missing!
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Example 7
4x
5
5
6y
missing!
4x
5
5
6y
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Example 7
4x
5
5
6y
missing!
6y 4x
5 5
4x
5
=
6y 5
5 6y
5
6y
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Example 7
4x
5
5
6y
missing!
6y 4x
5 5
4x
5
=
6y 5
5 6y
5
6y
=
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24xy
25
30y
30y
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Example 7
4x
5
5
6y
missing!
6y 4x
5 5
4x
5
=
6y 5
5 6y
5
6y
=
=
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24xy
25
30y
30y
24xy 25
30y
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Example 8
y
3
2x
5y
The LCD is
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Example 8
y
3
2x
5y
The LCD is 6xy .
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Example 8
y
3
2x
5y
The LCD is 6xy . Multiply each fraction by what the denominator is
missing!
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Example 8
y
3
2x
5y
missing!
y
3
2x
5y
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Example 8
y
3
2x
5y
missing!
5y y
2x 3
y
3
=
5y 2x
2x 5y
2x
5y
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Example 8
y
3
2x
5y
missing!
5y y
2x 3
y
3
=
5y 2x
2x 5y
2x
5y
=
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5y 2
6x
10xy
10xy
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Example 8
y
3
2x
5y
missing!
5y y
2x 3
y
3
=
5y 2x
2x 5y
2x
5y
=
=
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5y 2
6x
10xy
10xy
2
5y 6x
10xy
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Example 9
x
3
2y
8y
The LCD is
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Example 9
x
3
2y
8y
The LCD is 8y .
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Example 9
x
3
2y
8y
The LCD is 8y . Multiply each fraction by what the denominator is missing!
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Example 9
x
3
2y
8y
x
3
2y
8y
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Example 9
x
3
2y
8y
x
3
4 x
1 3
2y
8y
4 2y
1 8y
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Example 9
x
3
2y
8y
x
3
4 x
1 3
2y
8y
4 2y
1 8y
=
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4x
3
8y
8y
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Example 9
x
3
2y
8y
x
3
4 x
1 3
2y
8y
4 2y
1 8y
=
=
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4x
3
8y
8y
4x 3
8y
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LCM Practice
The hardest part in getting started with this lesson is often finding the
LCD. So lets practice with some. What is the LCM of each of the
following?
1
5x and 3x?
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LCM Practice
following?
1
5x and 3x? 15x
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LCM Practice
following?
1
5x and 3x? 15x
5 and 3x?
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LCM Practice
following?
1
5x and 3x? 15x
5 and 3x? 15x
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LCM Practice
following?
1
5x and 3x? 15x
5 and 3x? 15x
3xy and 6x 2 y ?
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LCM Practice
following?
1
5x and 3x? 15x
5 and 3x? 15x
3xy and 6x 2 y ? 6x 2 y
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LCM Practice
following?
1
5x and 3x? 15x
5 and 3x? 15x
3xy and 6x 2 y ? 6x 2 y
8x and 12y ?
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LCM Practice
following?
1
5x and 3x? 15x
5 and 3x? 15x
3xy and 6x 2 y ? 6x 2 y
8x and 12y ? 24xy
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LCM Practice
following?
1
5x and 3x? 15x
5 and 3x? 15x
3xy and 6x 2 y ? 6x 2 y
8x and 12y ? 24xy
x and 1?
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LCM Practice
following?
1
5x and 3x? 15x
5 and 3x? 15x
3xy and 6x 2 y ? 6x 2 y
8x and 12y ? 24xy
x and 1? x
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LCM Practice
following?
1
5x and 3x? 15x
5 and 3x? 15x
3xy and 6x 2 y ? 6x 2 y
8x and 12y ? 24xy
x and 1? x
x 2 y 2 z and xy 3 z?
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LCM Practice
following?
1
5x and 3x? 15x
5 and 3x? 15x
3xy and 6x 2 y ? 6x 2 y
8x and 12y ? 24xy
x and 1? x
x 2 y 2 z and xy 3 z? x 2 y 3 z
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LCM Practice
following?
1
5x and 3x? 15x
5 and 3x? 15x
3xy and 6x 2 y ? 6x 2 y
8x and 12y ? 24xy
x and 1? x
x 2 y 2 z and xy 3 z? x 2 y 3 z
Remember the rule:
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LCM Practice
following?
1
5x and 3x? 15x
5 and 3x? 15x
3xy and 6x 2 y ? 6x 2 y
8x and 12y ? 24xy
x and 1? x
x 2 y 2 z and xy 3 z? x 2 y 3 z
Remember the rule:

1
Find the LCM of the numbers first
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LCM Practice
following?
1
5x and 3x? 15x
5 and 3x? 15x
3xy and 6x 2 y ? 6x 2 y
8x and 12y ? 24xy
x and 1? x
x 2 y 2 z and xy 3 z? x 2 y 3 z
Remember the rule:

1
Find the LCM of the numbers first
Then take every variable, to the highest power each one appears.
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April 21, 2009