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DEPARTMENT OF ECE
St JOSEPHS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
SUBJECT : PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
CODE: 142302
m2
Pt Pc 1
2
Pt
Pc
m2
1
5000
0.6 2
1
2
4237.28W
m2
Pt Pc 1
2
DEPARTMENT
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m2
I t I c 1
2
I t total current
I c un mod ulated carrier cuurent
m mod ulation index
RF BandWidth
IF BandWidth
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SNRinput
SNRoutput
SNR ( signal to noise ratio ) is the ratio of signal power to noise power.
SNR
Signal power
Noise power
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Wide band FM
Frequency deviation in carrier
frequency is large
Band width is calculated as per
Carsons rule
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Since space waves are used for FM, the radius of propagation is
limited to line of sight( LOS ) . Hence it is possible to operate several
independent transmitters on same frequency with minimum
interference.
Since FM uses UHF and VHF ranges, the noise interference is
minimum compared to AM which uses MF and HF ranges.
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Ease of radiation
Multiplexing
To overcome hardware limitation
To reduce noise and interference
Frequency Assignment
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2
tb
1
f b bit rate ; f m mark frequency ; f s space frequency
tb
QPSK
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
Two bits form a symbol
Four possible symbols
Minimum bandwidth required = f b / 2
where f b is bit rate
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Simple implementation
13.Define Bandwidth efficiency. What is the bandwidth efficiency of BPSK and 8PSK system?
It is the ratio of the transmission bit rate to the minimum bandwidth required for a
particular modulation scheme.
Band width efficiency
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E
1
exp b
2
2N 0
P (e) erfc
Eb
N0
Eb
energy per bit to noise power density ratio
N0
For a given energy per bit to noise power density ratio, probability of error for noncoherent FSK is greater than that of coherent FSK.
16. Define ( Eb / N0 ) Energy per bit to Noise power density ratio.
Energy per bit to noise power ratio is used to compare two or more digital
modulation systems that uses different bit rates and modulation schemes.
It is the product of carrier to noise power ratio and the noise band width to bit rate
ratio. This is equivalent to signal to noise ratio.
Eb
energy per bit to noise power density ratio
N0
E b Energy per bit C Tb
where C carrier power in watt
Tb bit duration in sec
N
B
where N thermal noise power in watt
B noise band width in Hz
N 0 Noise power density
Eb
C
B
N0
N fb
PART B :
1. Explain BPSK Transmitter and receiver with a neat diagram.
2. Explain BFSK Transmitter and receiver with a neat diagram.
3. Explain QPSK Transmitter and receiver with a neat diagram.
4. Explain DPSK Transmitter and receiver with a neat diagram.
5. Compare the different types of digital modulation techniques.
6. Explain the error performance of different digital modulation techniques.
IT 2202 PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
OF ECE
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| G(f) | df
6. Given the signal m(t)=10 cos (2000 t) cos (8000 t ) , what is the minimum
sampling rate based on the low pass uniform sampling theorem?
The equation shows that m(t) is generated by multiplication of two signals. We
know that cosAcosB = [cos (A-B)+cos (A+B)]
There fore, m(t) = (10/2) [ cos (6000 t) + cos (10000 t)]
IT 2202 PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
OF ECE
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In the baseband binary PAM system , the out put of the pulse generator takes on
one of two possible amplitude levels. In a baseband M-ary PAM system, the out
put of the pulse generator takes on one of M possible amplitude levels.
An M- ary PAM system transmit information at a rate that is log 2M faster than
the corresponding binary PAM for a fixed channel band width. That is for a fixed
bit rate, an M-ary PAM system requires less channel bandwidth than a binary
PAM.
In order to realize the same average probability of symbol error , an M-ary PAM
system requires more transmitted power.
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DPCM
DM
Number of Bits
Bandwidth of
transmission channel.
Bandwidth required is
lesser than PCM.
Lower bandwidth is
required.
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PART B
1. Discuss briefly the basic satellite communication system .
2. Write short notes on LEO and GEO orbits.
3. Enumerate the elements of an optical fiber transmission link.
4. With neat diagram of HPA input and output character curve explain each
block of the satellite link model.
5. Describe with neat diagram of satellite antenna radiation pattern or
footprint map.
6. What are satellite orbits and explain the different types of optical Pattern.
IT 2202 PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
OF ECE
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