Heat Pipes and Their Applications in HVAC Systems

School of Engineering and Design
HEAT PIPES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS TO

HVAC SYSTEMS
&
PROGRESS WITH THE SIRAC KICK START
FUNDING
by
Dr Hussam Jouhara
S h l off E
School
Engineering
i
i andd Design,
D i Brunel
B
l University
U i
i
Tel: +44 (0) 1895 2 67656, Email: hussam.jouhara@brunel.ac.uk
Centre of Energy & Built Environment Research (CEBER)
www.brunel.ac.uk/about/acad/sed
Overview
Heat pipe, what is it?
Heat Pipe in HVAC Systems: Sample Projects
Th Progress
The
P
with
i h the
h SIRAC Kick-Start
Ki k S
F d
Fund
Why Heat Pipes!
The technology is challenging as of the various heat transfer mechanisms involved.

It is an old technology,
technology which is finding its way to be irreplaceable by the industry
in certain applications.
Heat pipe base energy systems: This area is still a fertile ground for IP Generation.
Heat Pipe in a
laptop
In case you have not seen a Heat Pipe, it is everywhere

Heat Pipe in HVAC Systems: Sample Projects

Experimental and theoretical investigations are being carried out on
h pipe
heat
i heat
h exchangers
h
(HPHEX ) for
(HPHEXs)
f applications
li i
i
in:
Free reheat in dehumidification systems
Waste energy recovery (heating or cooling effects) from
building stalled air
H ti Emitters
Heating
E itt
Sample Project 1:
HPHex for Application in Energy Efficient
Dehumidification Systems
Typical Dehumidification System
Energy wastage in the reheating process
Heat Pipe based Dehumidification System
HPHEX
Chilled Coil
No reheat energy required
Energy Analysis
11
30
C
12
11
10
eg
rat
ure
J/ k
g(
em
pe
ha
l py
nt
t io
En
t
tur
a
Humidity ratio - g/kg((a)
Sa
tur
a
20
3
10
90
10
80
%
80
0. 85
70
% Energy Consumption
Heating
60
0kW
10
40%
60
40
50
0.80
20
30
Dry bulb temperature - deg C
Coil
Energy
LoadLoad
Coil
Energy
4747kW
kW
30
%
80
20%
10
20
40
80
70
12
20
g(a)
10
0. 85
0.80
-k
em
pe
nt
t io
En
t
Sa
90
7.2 kW (Electric)
Heater
Energy Consumption
7.2kW (Electric)
40%
60
50
%
60 Heater Energy Consumption
10
.m/k
10
- cu
g(a)
10
.m/k
- cu
Coil Energy Load

52kW
70
me
Volu
me
Volu
Coil Energy Load

52 kW
30
20
20
40
11
a)
-d
rat
ure
a)
J/ k
g(
30
0.90
60
50
20
80
0.90
ha
l py
-k
70
90
eg
80
10
0.95
0.95
90
The assumed
humid air mass
flow rate is 1 kg/s
Humidity ratio - g/kg((a)
12
-d
10
12
11
60
20%
10
20
30
Dry bulb temperature - deg C
40
50
The chilled coil becomes 10% smaller and no heaters are needed. (Jouhara, 2009)
Waste Heat Recovery, Loop HP HEX
Air-Side Thermocouples
T1
T2
T3
T4
80
ature (C)
Air Tempera
70
Th
60
50
40
Tc
30
Tc= Th
20
0 .0
0 .2
0 .4
0 .6
0 .8
1 .0
1 .2
1 .4
D is t a n c e (m )
Sample Project 2:
HPHex for application in Waste Energy
Recovery from Building Stalled Air
Typical Air Conditioning Configuration
Typical Heat Pipe based Air Conditioning Configuration
Free heating
(Heating Energy Recovery Mode)
Inline Configuration
Staggered Configuration
Aluminium
fin stack
500/m
Condenser
section
Adiabatic
section
Evaporator
section
HPHEX Investigated
For Lower Pressure Drop
For Higher Heat Transfer Rate
Cold Air Inlet
Cold Air Exit
Rotating Base
Hot Air Exit

Hot Air Inlet
Waste Heat Recovery SHP HEX
I li ti Mechanism
Inclination
M h i
Passive Waste Heat Recovery Heat Exchanger for Applications in Process Industries
&V il i Systems.
&Ventilation
S
Wicked Heat Pipe System

Wickless Heat Pipe System
Typical configurations
Sample Experimental and Modelling Results

0.6
0.55
0.5
Efffectivness
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
E
Experimental
i
l Effectivnes
Eff i
0.2
0.15
Theoretical effectivness
01
0.1
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
Mass flow rate (Kg/s)
Sample Project 3:
Heat Pipe Based Heating Emitters
New Patent: Heat Pipe based Emitter
(J h
(Jouhara
& Robinson,
R b
2010)
The SIRAC KickKick-Start Fund
The
h Team
Innovative Manufacturers of Heat Exchange Products
Commercialisation Consultants
(specialising in heat transfer & engineering)
Research &
Novel Heat Pipe
Technology
Introduced at SIRAC event

SIRAC Kick-Start Fund instrumental in Consortium
SIRAC Kick Start Fund
500 granted by SIRAC in March

2009
Travel & research costs covered
facilitating consortium meetings,
design and development
Long-term collaborative
relationships established
founded by
funded byy
Heat Exchanger Design
Several design
g meetings
g considering
g
technology and the needs of the market
Designs finalised between Coolers &
Condensers and Brunel University
Market Studyy
Report prepared by NeQstep Limited
Where is the Demand?
Code of Conduct on Data Centres Energy Efficiency

2008 defines two key areas:
IT Load
Facilities Load (inc
cooling systems
... and states energy

efficiency must be
maximised to meet
EU energy policies
Th Code
The
C d off Conduct
C d t has
h also
l
already
already identified an increasing willingness of
manufacturers and vendors to compete on the basis of
energy efficiency in data centres
centres
Businesses are becoming increasingly aware of their
environmental
i
l impacts
i
andd the
h needd to reduce
d
these.
h
p
need to be aware of the financial,,
Data centres operators
environmental and infrastructure benefits to be gained from
improving
p
g the energy
gy efficiency
y of their facilities through
g
optimisation of power distribution, cooling infrastructure,
IT equipment and IT output.
Free Cooling
ASHRAE's Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing

Environments recommends:
temperature 2025C
humidity 4055%
ma dew
max
de point 17C
outside temperature of
15 20C required
15-20C
i d to
gain 'free cooling'
6,783 hours of 'free cooling'

g out of a p
possible 8,760
hours
Conclusion
Between 30-60%
30 60% of data centre energy consumption is
attributed to cooling technology
The potential
Th
i l saving
i by
b implementation
i l
i off the
h Heat
H Pipe
Pi
solution would save UK data centres between approximately
2 1 - 4.3
2.1
4 3 TWh
Heat transfer coefficient of the Heat Pipe solution and the
th
thermal
l properties/response
ti /
off the
th building
b ildi require
i further
f th
study
Clear potential identified - development in partnership with
the data centre market now sought
Other Results
Active Collaborators
Coolers & Condensers and Brunel University have

continued to collaborate on many heat transfer and
energy projects
Further plans for a possible joint application for
research funding in the sector
Coolers
C
l
&C
Condensers
d
already
l d supporting
ti MSc
MS
students project in Brunel University
Thank You
END

Heat Pipes and Their Applications in HVAC Systems

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School of Engineering and Design

HEAT PIPES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS TO

Centre of Energy & Built Environment Research (CEBER)

School of Engineering and Design

Centre of Energy & Built Environment Research (CEBER)

School of Engineering and Design

Why Heat Pipes!

The technology is challenging as of the various heat transfer mechanisms involved.

Centre of Energy & Built Environment Research (CEBER)

School of Engineering and Design

Centre of Energy & Built Environment Research (CEBER)

School of Engineering and Design

In case you have not seen a Heat Pipe, it is everywhere

School of Engineering and Design

Heat Pipe in HVAC Systems: Sample Projects

Centre of Energy & Built Environment Research (CEBER)

School of Engineering and Design

Centre of Energy & Built Environment Research (CEBER)

School of Engineering and Design

Typical Dehumidification System

Energy wastage in the reheating process

Centre of Energy & Built Environment Research (CEBER)

School of Engineering and Design

Heat Pipe based Dehumidification System

Centre of Energy & Built Environment Research (CEBER)

School of Engineering and Design

Humidity ratio - g/kg((a)

Coil Energy Load

Coil Energy Load

Humidity ratio - g/kg((a)

Centre of Energy & Built Environment Research (CEBER)

School of Engineering and Design

Waste Heat Recovery, Loop HP HEX

Centre of Energy & Built Environment Research (CEBER)

School of Engineering and Design

Centre of Energy & Built Environment Research (CEBER)

School of Engineering and Design

Centre of Energy & Built Environment Research (CEBER)

School of Engineering and Design

Typical Air Conditioning Configuration

Centre of Energy & Built Environment Research (CEBER)

School of Engineering and Design

Typical Heat Pipe based Air Conditioning Configuration

School of Engineering and Design

Centre of Energy & Built Environment Research (CEBER)

For Higher Heat Transfer Rate

School of Engineering and Design

Cold Air Inlet

Cold Air Exit

Hot Air Exit

Hot Air Inlet

School of Engineering and Design

Waste Heat Recovery SHP HEX

School of Engineering and Design

Wicked Heat Pipe System

Centre of Energy & Built Environment Research (CEBER)

School of Engineering and Design

Sample Experimental and Modelling Results

Mass flow rate (Kg/s)

Centre of Energy & Built Environment Research (CEBER)

School of Engineering and Design

Centre of Energy & Built Environment Research (CEBER)

School of Engineering and Design