Flow Chart Evaluation of Wind Loads

Flow Chart: Evaluation of wind loads

SF011a-EN-EU

This flow chart presents comprehensive procedures for determination of wind loads for a
multi-storey building in a simplified way.
Start
EN 1991-1-4
4.2
European wind
map
(National Annex)
Calculate basic wind

velocity
vb = cdir x cseason x vb,0
vb
Recommended value for

cdir and cseason is 1,0
Basic
data
Created on Monday, January 22, 2007

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EN 1991-1-4
4.5
EN 1991-1-4
6.2 and 6.3
Determine peak
velocity pressure
qp(z)
Determine structural
factor
cs, cd
Usually cs and cd are taken equal to 1,0
EN 1991-1-4
7.2.2 and 7.2.3
Determine external
pressure coefficients
cpe,J
cpe,i
i = A to J
EN 1991-1-4
7.2.9
Determine internal
pressure coefficients
cpi
cpi
for multi-storey building usually cpi = 0
EN 1991-1-4
5.3 (3)
EN 1991-1-4
7.5 (3)-(4)
Determine wind pressure

we = qp(ze) x cpe [kN/m]
wi = qp(zi) x cpi [kN/m]
Determine wind forces

w e Aref
Fwe = c s c d
surfaces
Fwi =
w i Aref
Basic data
b, h, d
surfaces
Ffr = c fr q p ( ze )Afr
Stop

SF011a-EN-EU
Determination of peak velocity pressure

Start
Calculate h/b ratio

typical for multi-storey buildings
h > 2b
Building should be considered to be multiple parts

b < h 2b
hb
Building should be considered to be two parts

Building may be considered to be one part
Determine input values

cr(z), co(z), kI, z0
EN 1991-1-4
4.3.2
Determine
roughness
factor cr(z)
EN 1991-1-4
4.3.3
Determine
turbulence
factor kI
Determine
orography
factor co(z)
National
Annex
Determine
roughness
length z0
EN 1991-1-4
Table 4.1
Recommended
value kI = 1,0
for buildings on hills,

else co(z) = 1,0
cr(z), co(z),
kI, z0
EN 1991-1-4
4.3 eq. (4.3)
Calculate mean velocity wind
Calculate turbulence intensity

kI
lV ( z ) =
co ( z ) ln(z / z0 )
v m (z ) = cr (z) c o (z ) v b
EN 1991-1-4
4.4 eq. (4.7)
where z = min (z, zmin)
EN 1991-1-4
4.5 eq. (4.8)
Calculate peak velocity pressure

1
qp ( z ) = [1 + 7lV ( z )] v m2 ( z )
2
Return

SF011a-EN-EU
Determination of external pressure coefficients

Start
Determine loaded
area A [m]
A > 10 m
cpe,i = cpe,10
1 < A < 10 m
cpe,i = cpe,1 (cpe,1
cpe,10) x log10 A
1>A
cpe,i = cpe,1
typical for multi-storey buildings

cpe,i

EN 1991-1-4
7.2.2
e<d
Calculate e/d ratio and

divide walls into zones
A,B,C,D & E
ed
EN 1991-1-4
Table 7.1
e 5d
Determine recommended
values cpe for external
pressure coefficients for
vertical walls of rectangular
plan buildings
Pressure coefficients
for roofs
EN 1991-1-4
7.2.3
e = min (b, 2h)

b crosswind
dimension
Divide roof into

zones F, G, H, I
valid for flat roofs
with -5 < < 5
NOTE: If the slope of the

roof is > 5 see SF014
e = min (b, 2h)

b crosswind
dimension
NOTE: Key for flat roofs

EN 1991-1-4
Table 7.2
Determine external
pressure coefficients cpe
for flatroofs
Return

SF011a-EN-EU
Quality Record
RESOURCE Title
Reference(s)
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT
Name
Company
Date
Created by
Matthias Oppe
RWTH
29/06/05
Technical content checked by
Gerhard Sedlacek
RWTH
13/07/05
1. UK
G W Owens
SCI
24/10/05
2. France
A Bureau
CTICM
18/10/05
3. Sweden
A Olsson
SBI
21/10/05
4. Germany
C Mller
RWTH
14/10/05
5. Spain
J Chica
Labein
19/10/05
G W Owens
SCI
5/06/06
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Resource approved by Technical

Coordinator
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