ENERGY PRODUCTION COST OF SOLAR THERMAL

ENERGY FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESS IN SPAIN

Gleisdorf, September 2012
www.irec.cat

Catalonia Institute for Energy Research

MOTIVATIONS
Motivations
- Mediterranean
>1400Wh/m2 year.

countries

- Few large scale solar thermal

systems in southern countries
-Only 4 large scale solar field
running in spain.
-Existing collector database
should
be
updated
and
incorporated energy production
cost.
New
commercial
concentrating technologies.

>60% high annual solar radiation

<10% of total European installed SDH

OBJECTIVES
Objectives
- Technical and economical
definition of each collector.
- Thermal energy production at
60, 90 and 150C in Barcelona,
Madrid and Sevilla.

-Investment structure for solar

thermal systems.
-Discount
policies.

manufacturers

-Solar
thermal
Investment cost
collector.

system
of each

- Energy production cost

METHODOLOGY
1. SOLAR
COLLECTOR
DATA

2. ECONOMICAL CALCULATION
Commercial
data:

Price
-collector /m2
-Structure
- Installation
accesories

3. TECHNICAL CALCULATION

Technical data:

Discounts
-Base
-Aditional

Collector
selection

SIMULATION

Investment
cost /m2

Production
kWh/m2

Production
cost /kWh

4. SUITABLE COLLECTOR SELECTION

SUITABLE SOLAR
THERMAL
COLLECTORS
4

METHODOLOGY
1. Solar collector data.
Tech details:
- Collector details
- Recommended Working
conditions
- Solarkeymark
Commercial details:
-Prices: Collector, structure and
accessories
-Discounts: Base and additional
Other:
-Design,
installation
operation capacities.
-Previous experiences

and

METHODOLOGY
1. Solar collector data.
-64 different manufacturers contacted.

- Selection of 25 different solar thermal collectors classified by:

Collector type

Flat plate collectors

Evacuated tube collectors

Fresnel
Parabolic through collectors
Other concentrating collectors

Description

Stationary collectors
High efficiency flat plate collector.
Low cost flat plate collector
Roof Integrated flat plate collector
Large surface solar collector (S>5m2)
Direct flow evacuated tube collector with and without
reflector
Heat pipe evacuated tube collector with and without
reflector
Concentrating collectors
Fixed absorber and mobile flat/curved mirrors
Fixed absorber and mobile reflector
Mobile absorber and fixed flat/curved mirrors

Short
name

FPC

ETC

FC
PTC
MAC

METHODOLOGY
2. Economic calculations.
Economic indicators

Structures
Collector accessories
Storage
Tubes + heat-exchanger +
pumps
Control system

Economic indicators
Installation cost (/m2)

Sub-category
Solar thermal collectors

Solar
field cost
(/m2)

Category
Materials

Civil work

Engineering
Others

Comercialization
Industrial benefits
Permits
Others

Investment cost (/m2)

Installation

Discount policy are considered .

7

METHODOLOGY
3. Technical calculations.
Used tools:
Transient System Simulation Tool (TRNSYS)
Solar keymark database

Considered values:
Parameter
Solar azimuth
Tilt angle
Solar thermal field Nominal Power
Flow

Units

kW th
Kg/h

Primary circuit fluid

Primary circuit total length
Control system
Storage system
Inlet demand circuit Temperature
Final T requested

KJ/KgK
m
K
m3
K
K

Value
South
Latitud-10
1000
Solar thermal collector flow
test (Solar Keymark values)
3.89
80
T
Not included
Tnom
Tnom+5K
8

METHODOLOGY
4. Suitable collector selection.
Energy production cost:
- Based on Levelized energy cost methodology LEC, c/kWh)
- Used values:
Parameter
Inflation rate
Discount rate
Analyzed period
Residual system
value

T
d
N

Units
%
%
Years

Value
3%
8%
25
0

Other technical criteria:

Parameter
Low flow

Collector internal design

Civil works
Installer and engineering
capacities
Maintenance and operation
difficulties

Related to
Pipes and other accessories size
Flow distribution and pressure
losses
Parallel connection
Flow distribution
Investment cost
Investment cost
Levelized energy cost

Desired aspects
Reduction of material cost (tube size)
Reduction of material cost (pump size) but increase of stagnation
risk.
Reduction of the stagnation risk.
Ensured by specific collector design
Reduction of civil works: Ground cost, roof mounted.
Concentrating technologies have higher civil works cost
Reduce installation, engineering and operation cost.
Reduced n of spare parts, reduce power consumption of the
tracking system and reduced cleaning needs.

RESULTS
Investment cost distribution.
Source

BCGSolair

Solar thermal
collectors

24%

Structures

11%

ASIT

SOPRO

Solarthermie
2000

24%
3040%

5%

Spanish Spanish
ESCO
real
congress
cases
25%

48%

10%

Control system

3%

Civil works

24%

3%

3040%

Engineering
1015%

Others
Comercializaton

Installation

24%

11%

17%

4%

6%

5%

13%

2025%

2%

27%
8%

10%

2%

26%

11%

12%

10%

7%

5%

3%

5%

5%

8%

5%

3%
9%
5%

14%

10%

1%

3%

2%

19%

20%

10%

24%

3%

11%

IREC

5%
9%

Collector accessories
Storage
Tubes +
heatexchange +
pumps

24%

IDAE

18%

2%

4%

4%

5%

8%

10%

20%

11%

18%

10

RESULTS
Annual energy production (kWh/m2year)
Manufacturer

S.O.L.I.D. Gesellschaft fr
Solarinstallation und Design GmbH

Robet Bosch Espaa

S. L .U
Paradigma Iberica
-Ritter SolarApricus Solar Co.Ltd
Industrial Solar GmbH
Tecnologia Solar
Concentradora (TSC)
S.L.

Collector &
type

HT
(FPC)
SKS 4.0
(FPC)
CPC 45
(ETC)
APSE-30
(ETC)
LF-11
(FC)
CCStaR 2V
(MAC)

Heat energy production

-Barcelona(kWh/m2year)

Heat energy production

-Madrid(kWh/m2year)

Heat energy production

-Sevilla(kWh/m2year)

60C
623

90C
382

150C
64

60C
762

90C
497

150C
113

60C
857

90C
577

150C
144

580

293

731

406

18

842

482

30

1 018

869

558

1 257

1 098

757

1 367

1 205

855

745

466

100

904

608

169

1 012

698

205

888

879

858

1 213

1 203

1 180

1 304

1 295

1 272

609

586

532

819

794

737

890

866

808

11

RESULTS
Solar thermal economic values: Solar field, installation and investment cost

Manufacturer
S.O.L.I.D. Gesellschaft fr Solarinstallation und
Design GmbH

Robert Bosch Espaa

S. L .U
Apricus Solar Co., Ltd
Paradigma Iberica-Ritter Solar
Tecnologia Solar Concentradora
S.L.
Industrial Solar GmbH

Collector &
type
HT
(FPC)
SKS 4.0
(FPC)
APSE-30
(ETC)
CPC 45
(ETC)
CCStaR 2V
(MAC)
LF-11
(FC)

Solar Field
cost
(/m2)

Installation
cost
(/m2)

189

Investment cost /m2

500m2

1000m2

5000m2

10000 m2

232

313

300

294

288

257

317

427

410

402

393

186

229

309

297

291

285

347

426

575

552

541

529

518

637

859

825

808

790

635

781

1 054

1 012

991

970

12

RESULTS
Solar thermal energy production cost: Levelized energy cost (LEC c/kWh)

60C

LEC
-Barcelonac/kWh
90C

60C

LEC
-Madridc/kWh
90C

150C

60C

LEC
-Sevillac/kWh
90C

150C

FPC

2 - 14

5 - 47

> 57

2 - 11

3 - 30

>33

2-9

3 - 23

>26

ETC

5 - 12

7 - 15

10 - 42

4 - 10

5 - 12

8 - 25

4-9

5 - 11

7 - 21

FC

11 - 12

11 - 12

11 - 12

8-9

8-9

8-9

7-8

7-8

7-8

PTC

11 - 17

12 - 18

13 - 21

8 - 12

9 - 13

9 - 14

8 - 11

8 - 12

9 - 13

MAC

13 - 14

13 - 15

15 - 16

10 - 11

10 - 11

11 - 12

9 - 10

9 - 10

10 - 11

150C

POWER

Levelized energy cost(c/kWh) for a 90C working temperature

in Madrid depending on the installed solar surface.
35.00
30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
-

OIL
GAS

APSE-30 (ETC)
KAIROS XP 2.5 V
SOL250 (FPC)
XL USB (FPC)
gigaSol S (FPC)
LF-11 (FC)
DF100 (ETC)
HP250 (ETC)
Polytrough 1800
AL10 (FPC)
FA(3/6) (FPC)
CCStaR 2V (MAC)
XL10 (FPC)
GS (FPC)
HT (FPC)
CPC 45 (ETC)
HT-A 28/10 (FPC)
10 HTF (FPC)
VKF 145V (FPC)
VKF 125 (FPC)
FKC-2S (FPC)
DF30 - 300 (ETC)
HP30-300 (ETC)
SKS 4.0 (FPC)
X10T (PTC)

Levelized energy cost c/kWh

Technology

13

CONCLUSIONS
Economic values:
- FPC: installation cost <600/m2 (average of 344 /m2)
- ETC: installation cost of <900/m2 (average of 491 /m2)
- Concentrating technologies: Installation cost >900/m2 (average of
991/m2)

Production cost:
- FPC: suitable in all locations for 60C working temperatures. Southern
locations allows to work at 90C.
- ETC: suitable for 60 and 90C working temperature processes.
- Concentrating: suitable for 150C in all locations.

Profitability:
should be higher than in northern locations:
- Partnership: End user Engineering Innversor (ESCO?)
(manufacturers?)
- Energy cost: Actual Spanish energy policies under review

14

Acknowledgments
The research was supported by
European Regional Development
Founds (ERDF, FEDER Programa
Competitivitat de Catalunya 20072013) and by the KIC Innoenergy EIT project LHI-EE.
There exists
two
alternatives:
and sun is a
good one
But FIESTA is at
night

Thanks for you attention!!

Marc Vives
mvives@irec.cat
15

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