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PLANSEE
Notiuni generale
Planeele sunt elemente de construcie cu suprafaa
plan, orizontal, avnd rolul funcional de compartimentare
interioar a cldirii pe vertical i de izolare a acesteia de
mediul exterior (n cazul planeului peste ultimului nivel. n
funcie de poziia lor, planeele pot fi curente sau
intermediare, planeul de pod sau planeul teras i planeul
peste subsol n cazul cldirilor cu subsol.
Pe lng rolul funcional, planeele au i rol de rezisten, ele
fiind elemente structurale i fac parte din structura de
rezisten a cldirii.
Din punct de vedere constructiv, planeele sunt formate din
dou pri distincte : elementele de rezisten (planeul
brut) i pardoseala
Din punct de vedere structural, planeul propriu-zis ,cu rol
de rezisten, trebuie analizat sub dou aspecte: de preluare
i transmitere a ncrcrilor gravitaionale (verticale) la
elementele structurale verticale, respective de realizare a
conlucrrii elementelor structurale verticale sub aciunea
ncrcrilor orizontale din vnt sau seism.
CLASIFICAREA PLANEELOR
Clasificarea planeelor se poate face dupa mai multe criterii
astfel:
- dup materialul utilizat: din lemn, zidrie, metal, beton sau
material combinate;
- dup sistemul de susinere: pe perei portani (din zidrie
sau beton), pe rigle de cadre, pe grinzi, pe stlpi;
- dup forma tavanului: plan, curb, cu grinzi, cu nervuri
etc.;
- dup tipul elementelor de rezisten: din plci plane, fii
cu goluri, panouri mari, grinzi i corpuri de umplutur etc.;
- dup modul de comportare la zgomot de impact : cu ecran
acustic simplu cnd pardoseala vibreaz simultan cu planeul
brut i transmit uor zgomotele de impact i cu ecran acustic
dublu, cnd pardoseala vibreaz independent de planeul
brut i sunt fonoizolante la zgomote de impact, numite i
planee cu pardoseal flotant ;
- dup rigiditatea n plan orizontal sunt clasificate n dou
categorii:
a. planee rigide n plan orizontal;
b. planee cu rigiditate nesemnificativ n plan orizontal.
Sunt considerate planee ,, rigide n plan orizontal
planeele care au urmtoarea alctuire constructiv:
- planee din beton armat monolit sau din predale cu
suprabetonare continu cu grosimea 60 mm,
ALCTUIRE
Planeul brut este format din grinzi de lemn (sau produse
superioare din lemn) i podina de rezisten din dulapi.
ele
4.Plac n consol
a- nainte de deformare; b- dup deformare; c- schema
de calcul.
PE
DOU
Dezavantaje :
- utilizarea panourilor mari de planeu reclam tipizarea
partiurilor cldiriilor, care este posibil mai uor la cele de
locuit, dar mai dificil la cele de alte categorii de cldiri;
- necesit utilaje i dispozitive mai pretenioase pentru
transport i montaj ;
- comportarea mecanic a planeelor ca aibe orizontale
rigide este condiionat de calitatea i precizia execuiei
lucrrilor de pozare i a mbinrilor pe contur a panourilor de
planeu, respectiv de gradul de monolitism, rezisten i
rigiditate a conlucrrii cu panourile verticale de rezisten ale
cldirii .
PLANEE METALICE
Sunt utilizate pentru cldiri cu numar mare de etaje, la cldiri
cu deschideri sau ncarcari mari, de regul la cldiri cu
structura metalica, (deschideri pn la 10-12 m ).
Ca avantaje putem meniona:
- capacitate portant ridicat i comportare bun ca
diafragme orizontale;
- permit alctuiri constructive variate, cu nltime de
construcie mic;
- asigur o prefabricare larg i posibiliti de reutilizare;
- sunt mai uoare dect planeele din beton armat;
Dezavantajele planeelor metalice sunt urmtoarele:
- au consum ridicat de oel;
- necesit msuri pentru asigurarea durabilitii (la foc,
ageni corozivi, umiditate etc), confortului fonic i termic,
precum i de rigidizare i contravantuire;
- dau eforturi suplimentare din variaii de temperatur;
PLANEE DIN GRINZI METALICE SI ELEMENTE
DE UMPLUTUR
Grinzile metalice se dispun paralel cu latura scurt a
ncperilor la un interax de 1 -3 m n funcie de ncarcare i
tipul elementelor de umplutur putnd rezema pe perei
portani sau grinzi. Elementele de umplutur preiau
ncrcarea pe poriunea dintre grinzi i o transmit grinzilor
pe care reazem.
Profile laminate
Planseele BEEPLATE
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