Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Subjects:
GMDSS History&Overview
GMDSS Main principles and requirements
GMDSS Sea areas
GMDSS Equipment requirments
GMDSS Operator Certificates
Hilmi ECE GMDSS Instructor
INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
Early days
Marine radio was first installed on ships around the turn of the
20th century.
In those early days, radio (or "wireless" as it was known) was
used primarily for transmission and reception of passenger
telegrams.
INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
All that changed one clear and cold April night in 1912...
The most modern passenger liner of the time, RMS Titanic,
sank on her maiden voyage after a collision with an iceberg.
INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
Some 1500 people perished in the disaster. Fortunately, 700
odd people were saved, thanks mainly to the efforts of the
Titanic's two radio officers, who managed to summon help
from nearby vessels.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
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Typical merchant ship radio room - mid 1980's..note the morse key
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
Since the time of the Titanic, Marine Radio has helped to save
tens of thousands of lives, and become the key element in
Marine Search and Rescue (SAR).
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A new system
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) pondered the
shortcomings of the existing marine distress systems in the
mid to late 1970's.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
The GMDSS is designed to automate a ship's radio distress
alerting. It removes the requirement for manual (i.e.: human)
watchkeeping on marine radio distress channels.
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WHY GMDSS?
The Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
(GMDSS) is a system developed by the International
Maritime Organization (IMO), in conjunction with the
International Telecommunications Union (ITU).
Its primary purpose is to automate and improve
emergency maritime communications.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
WHY GMDSS?
The basic concept of GMDSS is to enable shore
side search and rescue authorities in a distress
situation to rapidly alert shipping in the immediate
vicinity of the ship in distress and coordinate
search and rescue (SAR) operations between
shore side authorities and vessels assisting with a
minimum delay. GMDSS took several years to
develop and is continually being improved for the
safety of the mariner. With constant updates to the
system, it will prove to be a great new asset to the
maritime community.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
Pre-GMDSS
The 1974 SOLAS (Safety of Life At Sea) convention
required a radiotelegraphy watch on 500 kHz and a
radiotelephone watch on 2182 kHz and 156.8 MHz
(channel 16) on all ships of 1600 gross tons and
greater. Although the system has proven itself
reliable, its short-range ship-to-ship capability, manual
distress alerting, and aural watch keeping procedures
have limited its effectiveness in maritime safety.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
Pre-GMDSS
Technological growth has provided advanced
terrestrial radio systems and satellite communications
that have been integrated into GMDSS. This provides
a truly standardized global maritime communications
system with accuracy and reliability far exceeding the
concepts of the 1974 SOLAS Convention.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
Development of GMDSS
GMDSS was developed to allow shore based SAR
authorities to effectively coordinate and manage a
rescue far at sea. This is accomplished by mandating
that vessels carry specified GMDSS equipment while
sailing in predetermined ocean areas.
The 1988 change to the 1974 SOLAS convention for
radio communications resulted in these GMDSS
requirements.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
Development of GMDSS
With improvements to this new communication
system, we have created a ship to shore and shore to
ship distress communications path in addition to the
ship-to-ship system.
Digital and satellite communication combined will
immensely improve the safety of the mariner.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
Development of GMDSS
The requirement of watch keeping on 2182 kHz and
156.8 MHz (channel 16 VHF) is changing.
As of 1 February 1999, watch keeping on 2182 kHz is
no longer required.
On 1 February 2005, watch keeping on 156.8 MHz
(channel 16 VHF) will no longer be required.
This has placed all watch keeping on a digital format
with Digital Selective Calling and Satellite equipment.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
Applications
The GMDSS applies to vessels subject to the SOLAS
Convention - that is:
Commercial vessels of 300 Gross Registered Tons
(GRT) and above and all passenger vessels,
engaged on international voyages.
The GMDSS became mandatory for such vessels
as from February 1, 1999.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
Compulsory Vessels
A compulsory vessel is defined for the purposes of
GMDSS as:
All passenger vessels on international voyages
All cargo vessels 300 gross tons and over
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
Compulsory Vessels
A passenger vessel is defined by other regulations in
SOLAS as a vessel carrying more than twelve
passengers.
A cargo vessel is any vessel not classified as a
passenger vessel.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
Applications
EXCEPTION
Commercial vessels < 300 GRT, or those > 300 GRT
engaged on domestic voyages only, are subject to the
requirements of their Flag State.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Implementation Calendar
01.07.1991-Entry into force of the RR provisions
relating to GMDSS.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Implementation Calendar
01.08.1993- All ships with NAVTEX receiver and
Satallite EPIRB;
01.02.1995- All ships will have to carry at least one
radar capable of operating in the 9 GHz band, and
SART and two-way VHF RTF apparatus for survival
craft ;
new ships built after 1.2.1995 must comply with all
applicable GMDSS requirements
01.02.1999- All ships must comply with the GMDSS
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Equipments
on.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Functional Requirements
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Functional Requirements
1. Transmitting ship-to-shore Distress Alerts by
at least two separate and independent means,
each using a different radio communication
service;
Ship-to-shore distress alerting by at least two
separate and independent means, each using a
different communications service.
2. Receiving shore-to-ship Distress Alerts;
Reception of shore-to-ship distress alerts.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Functional Requirements
3.
Transmitting and receiving ship-to-ship
Distress Alerts;
Transmission and Reception of ship-to-ship distress
alerts.
4.
Transmitting and receiving search and
rescue co-ordinating communications;
Transmission and Reception of search and rescue
coordinating communications.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Functional Requirements
5. Transmitting and receiving On-scene
Transmission and Reception of on-scene
communications in a distress situation.
6. Transmitting and receiving Locating
Transmission and Reception of locating signals.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Functional Requirements
7. (Maritime Safety Information)
Transmission and Reception of Maritime Safety
Information.
8. (Bridge to bridge)
Transmission and Reception of bridge-to-bridge
communications.
9. (General)
Transmission and Reception of general radio
communications relating to the management and
operation of the ship.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Functional Requirements
Under GMDSS, it is the responsibility of every
vessel to be able to perform all of these
communications functions regardless of the
ocean area in which it operates. These functions
are essential for the safety of the ship itself and
of other ships operating in the same area. If the
vessel is not able to conform to all functional
requirements, the vessel is not allowed to sail
until all requirements are meet.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Sea Areas
Four geographic areas have been established based
on the capability of certain GMDSS equipment to be
carried in each area.
The major difference between the GMDSS and its
predecessor systems is that the radio
communications equipment to be fitted to a GMDSS
ship is determined by the ship's area of operation,
rather than by its size.
Because the various radio systems used in the
GMDSS have different limitations, with regards to
range and services provided, GMDSS divides the
world's oceans into 4 areas (zones):
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Sea Areas
Sea Area A1
An area within range of a Coast Radio Station (CRS)
with VHF DSC capability, Typically 20 to 30 nm.
(up to about 50 nautical miles);
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GMDSS Sea Areas
Sea Area A2
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GMDSS Sea Areas
Sea Area A3
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GMDSS Sea Areas
Sea Area A4
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070 N
070 S
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GMDSS Equipments
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Equipment
The basic functional requirements for the equipment
required onboard are:
Very High Frequency (VHF) Transceiver with
Digital Selective Calling (DSC)
Voice communication along with DSC calling and
watch keeping ability in the VHF frequency range
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Equipment
Medium Frequency (MF) Transceiver with Digital
Selective Calling (DSC)
Voice communication along with DSC calling and
watch keeping ability in the MF frequency range.
This may be a MF/HF Transceiver with only a DSC
controller limited to MF coverage.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Equipment
High Frequency (HF) Transceiver with Digital
Selective Calling (DSC)
Voice communication along with DSC calling and
watch keeping ability in the HF frequency range.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Equipment
MF/HF Narrow Band Direct Printing (NBDP) Terminal
Telex transmission over the radio to either a Coast
Radio Station or another Ship Station.
SELFEC WORKING
COLFEC WORKING
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Equipment
INMARSAT Ship Earth Station (SES) Satellite
communication using INMARSAT B, C or Fleet
77 service
Inmarsat -B
Inmarsat F77
Inmarsat -C
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Equipment
Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon
(EPIRB)
Portable satellite distress alerting unit that is automatic
release and self-activating
ELT
Hilmi ECE GMDSS Instructor
PLB
LEO EPIRBs
GEO EPIRB
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GMDSS Equipment
9 GHz Search and Rescue Transponder (SART)
Survival craft emergency equipment used for
transmitting a locating signal once interrogated by
search radar
X Band SARTs61
INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Equipment
VHF Survival Craft Transceiver (SCT)
Hand portable VHF survival craft radio for emergency
communication on scene
Accessories of SCT
Hilmi ECE GMDSS Instructor
SCTs
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Equipment
VHF Aero
Mandatory for passanger ships.
It is working on 121.5 and 123.1MHz
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Equipment
Alarm Panel
Mandatory for passanger ships.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Equipment
GPS
Mandatory for passanger and cargo vessel ships.
used in the INMARSAT and DSC devices.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Equipment
All GMDSS equipment must be type accepted
except for the INMARSAT equipment.
INMARSAT is commissioned through an authorized
service provider.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Carriage Requirements
Each sea area has defined limits based on the
equipment required. The equipment is to be installed
and in operating order to be considered valid for
carriage requirements.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Carriage Requirements
Many manufactures build consoles having all the
necessary communications equipment required by
regulation. Consoles, convenient as they may be, are
not required by regulations. The equipment is the
requirement not the console. As long as the vessel
has all the equipment properly installed onboard and
functioning, the vessel is compliant.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Carriage Requirements
Equipment must be installed so that it is possible to
initiate transmission of distress alerts from the
position from which the ship is normally navigated.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
VHF
MF/HF
MF w/
w/
w/ DSC
DSC
DSC
& NBDP
Navtex
Rcvr
EPIRB
SART
SCT
Sea
Area
A1
Sea
Area
A2
Sea
Area
A3
Sea
Area
A4
INMARSAT
with
EGC
Reception
See Note
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Carriage Requirements
Note: the option for Sea Area A3 long range
communications, can be broken into three sub options:
1. One MF/HF DSC/NBDP unit & One INMARSAT unit
2. Two INMARSAT units with one MF DSC unit onboard
3. Two MF/HF DSC/NBDP units and no INMARSAT unit
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Maintenance Requirements
Equipment must be designed to facilitate the
replacement of main units without elaborate
calibration or readjustment. Adequate information
from the equipment manufacturers must be provided
to enable the equipment to be properly operated and
maintained.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Maintenance Requirements
Adequate tools, spare parts, and test
equipment appropriate to the
maintenance methods used by the
ship should be provided and readily
accessible. Radio equipment must be
maintained to ensure compliance with
GMDSS functional requirements and
to meet established standards. A ship
must not depart from any port unless
and until the ship is capable of
performing all distress and safety
functions.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Maintenance Requirements
Maintenance Requirements
Duplication of
Equipment
(DOE)
Shore-Based
maintenance
(SBM)
At Sea
Maintenance
(ASM)
For vessels sailing in Sea Areas A1 or A2, one out of these three methods is
required.
Vessels sailing in Sea Areas A3 or A4, two out of these three methods are
required.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Maintenance Requirements
Duplication of equipment if elected, requires complete
independent radio installations each with their own
antennas. All duplicated equipment must be already
installed and ready for immediate operation. This
equipment must be available on-board ships for their
sea areas as applicable.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Maintenance Requirements
The required duplication is as follows
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Maintenance Requirements
In Sea Area A3:
(2) VHF radio installation and an MF/HF radio
installation or INMARSAT ship earth station. For
duplication of the long range equipment a vessel can
carry a 2nd MF/HF radio installation OR, a 2nd
INMARSAT ship earth station OR one of each (the later
is usually the manufactures recommendation).
In Sea Area A4:
(2) VHF radio installation and (2) MF/HF radio
installation.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Maintenance Requirements
If on-board maintenance method is used, the
requirements are as follows. Adequate technical
documentation, tools, test equipment, and spare parts
must be carried on-board to enable a qualified
maintainer to perform tests and localize and repair
faults in the radio equipment. The on-board technician
must hold a GMDSS Maintainers License. Only one
GMDSS Maintainer is required onboard to meet this
requirement.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Maintenance Requirements
If shore based maintenance is used, maintenance
must be completed and performance verified and
noted in the ships record before departure from the
first port of call entered after any failure occurs. Each
GMDSS installation must be tested with results noted
in the ships record before departure from every port.
Each ship shall carry a performance check sheet listing
all GMDSS equipment carried.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
The ship is equipped according to GMDSS Radio Station
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The ship is equipped according to GMDSS Radio Station
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The ship is equipped according to GMDSS Radio Station
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The ship is equipped according to GMDSS Radio Station
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
The ship is equipped according to GMDSS Radio Station
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
The ship is equipped according to GMDSS Radio Station
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
The ship is equipped according to GMDSS Radio Station
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Maintenance Requirements
Typically a shore based maintenance company will
sign a contract with the ship to ensure that a technician
will be provided at any port of call to facilitate a repair.
Some companies provide a certificate showing the
vessels compliance with shore-based maintenance
along with emergency contact phone numbers.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Logbooks
Logs must be established and
properly maintained. The
required information for the
particular station must be readily
available. Key letters or
abbreviations may be used if
their proper meaning or
explanation is contained
elsewhere in the same log or if
their meaning is commonly
understood.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Logbooks
Erasures, obliteration, or willful destruction within the
retention period are prohibited. Only the person
originating the entry by striking out the error, initialing
the correction, and indicating the date of correction
may make corrections.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Logbooks
The station licensee and the radio operator in charge
of the station are responsible for the maintenance of
station logs.
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Logbooks
Typically all logbooks have three sections and an
annex.
The sections are:
Section A:
details of the vessel, the radio safety certificate and
methods of maintenance.
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GMDSS Logbooks Section A
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GMDSS Logbooks Section A
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GMDSS Logbooks
Section B:
details of the qualified personnel aboard.
Also designate the Primary GMDSS Operator
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GMDSS Logbooks Section B
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INTRODUCTION TO G M D S S
GMDSS Logbooks
Section C:
daily diary containing the following information:
A summary of all Distress, Urgency and Safety traffic
A summary of communication conducted on other than VHF frequencies
between the ship and coast station and other ship stations
A reference to important service incidents
The position of the ship at least once a day
Name of operator on watch.
Which frequencies are monitored on watch
Results of equipment test
Daily statement about condition of equipment
When a piece of equipment is not working properly
Remembering all time are in UTC.
Annex: Includes details of required equipment test.
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GMDSS CERTIFICATES
GMDSS CERTIFICATES
(GMDSS FIRST CLASS RADIO ELECTRONIC OFFICER) (REO1)
(GMDSS SECOND CLASS RADIO ELECTRONIC OFFICER) (REO2)
(GMDSS GENERAL OPERATORS CERTIFICATE) (GOC)
(GMDSS RESTRICTED OPERATORS CERTIFICATE) (ROC) sea Area-1
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GMDSS CERTIFICATES
Operator qualifications
The First and Second Radio-Electronic Certificates are diploma
and associate diploma level technical qualifications. They are
designed for Ship's Radio-Electronic Officers, who sail on
GMDSS ships which use the option of at-sea electronic
maintenance.
The GMDSS General Operator's and Restricted Operators
Certificate is a non-technical operator qualification, designed for
Navigating Officers.
The GMDSS General Operator's Certificate is normally awarded
after a ten day course and examination.
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GMDSS CERTIFICATES
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GMDSS CERTIFICATES
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GMDSS CERTIFICATES
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GMDSS CERTIFICATES
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GMDSS CERTIFICATES
c) except for the deferred decrees save crimes committed
by imprudence and the following crimes, not being convicted
of: infamous or discreditable crimes such as simple and
qualified embezzlement, malversation, bribery, theft,
fraudulency, counterfeiting, abuse of trust and fraudulent
bankruptcy, or crimes of smuggling, human trafficking,
misconduct in official tenders and procurements or the
crimes perpetrated against the State or the crimes falling
under the Law No. 4422 on Fighting Against Crime
Organizations Pursuing Illicit Gain and Article 313 of the
Turkish Penal Code No. 765, even if they were sentenced to
heavy imprisonment or imprisonment for one year or more,
or they have benefited an amnesty,
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GMDSS CERTIFICATES
d) having graduated from a high school or equivalent for
the GMDSS 1st Class Radio Electronic Operators
Qualification and GMDSS 2nd Class Radio Electronic
Operators Qualification; from a secondary school or basic
education school for the GMDSS General Radio Operators
Qualification; and from a primary school or basic education
school for the GMDSS Restricted Radio Operators
Qualification,
e) proving with documents that s/he received the training
complying with the level entailed by the radio operators
qualification in a training institution recognized by the
Administration, the curriculum of which is outlined in Part
One of Section Two of this Regulation,
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GMDSS CERTIFICATES
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GMDSS CERTIFICATES
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