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Digital Line Unit G (DLUG)
A30828-X1150-K109-2-7618
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Trademarks:
All designations used in this document can be trademarks, the use of which by third parties for their
own purposes could violate the rights of their owners.
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Contents
1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
DLUG Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Central Functional Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Peripheral Functional Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Functional Units for Remote Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
DLU for V5.1 Interfaces (DLUV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Transmission Systems in the DLUG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3
3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.8
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
DLUG Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Central Functional Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Control for Digital Line Unit (DLUC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bus Distributor Module (BDG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Peripheral Functional Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Subscriber Line Module, Analog (SLMA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Subscriber Line Module, Digital (SLMD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Subscriber Line Module with Internet Access,
Feature-Programmable Modem (SLMI:FMx) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Subscriber Line Module with Internet Access,
Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (SLMI:AMx) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Subscriber Line Module with Internet Access,
Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (SLMI:SDx) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Subscriber Line Module with Internet Access, Packet Hub
(SLMI:PHUB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Subscriber Line Module with Internet Access, Modem
Pool Card (SLMI:MPx) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metallic Test Access Type B (MTAB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Functional Units for Remote Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Standalone Service Control (SASC-G) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
External Alarm Set (ALEX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Safeguarding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.2.4
3.2.5
3.2.6
3.2.7
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1 Introduction
The digital line unit G (DLUG) is used to connect subscriber lines to the switch and to
concentrate the traffic on those lines in the direction of the network node.
DLUGs can be installed as an integral part of the network node or located outside the
node, in the vicinity of a group of subscribers. Remote DLUGs can be installed, for instance, in permanent buildings, containers or shelters (for a very small group of subscribers). Reducing the length of the subscriber lines in this way, and concentrating the line
traffic to the network node onto digital and optical transmission links, results in an economical line network with optimum transmission quality.
The following types of line can be connected to a DLUG:
analog subscriber lines (plain old telephone service, POTS)
ISDN basic access arrangements (ISDN-BA)
high bit-rate xDSL lines operating at up to 8 Mbit/s, such as: G.Lite (asymmetrical
digital subscriber line (ADSL) with reduced bandwidth), asymmetrical digital subscriber line (ADSL), symmetrical digital subscriber line (SDSL)
V5.1 interfaces (DLUV)
line/network termination modules LTCD
Analog subscriber lines and ISDN basic access lines provide subscribers with reliable
access to conventional telephone services and access to the Internet via a point of
presence (PoP).
Internet traffic using xDSL services is separated from voice traffic in the DLU, before reaching the rest of the switch. It is concentrated in the packet hub (PHub) and routed directly to the Internet service provider (ISP), without placing any load on the network
node.
The DLUG provides a V5.1 interface for the connection of other vendors access networks (AN). V5.1 is the name of an interface standard that allows different vendors
hardware to inter-operate, for instance an AN and a network node.
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Switching
network
Access
RSU
HTI
DLU
SN
LTG
LTG
Signaling
CCNC
SSNC
* alternative
Management
Control
MB
NetManager
CP
CCG
Features
The DLUG offers the following main features:
High traffic capacity (up to 390 erlangs)
High level of reliability, assured by
connection of the DLUG to up to four line/trunk groups (LTG)
duplication of DLU units, with centralized functions and load sharing
continuous self-tests
High transmission capacity to the Internet (data rate up to 8 Mbit/s)
Cost-effective deployment, with a choice of local or remote operation
Separation of Internet traffic, sparing the load on the network node
Emergency mode in remote DLUs in the event of total failure of the transmission
links to the network node
Reduced footprint (50% less)
30% reduction in the power dissipation of analog ports
Small failure units of 32 analog ports
Complete freedom to mix SLMA and SLMD
Up to 8 packet data channels between DLUG and frame/packet handler
For more detailed performance data, see Technical Data.
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Structure
The hardware units of the DLUG are grouped in three major sets of functional units:
central functional units
peripheral functional units
functional units for remote operation
The central functional units of the DLUG are duplicated and together form DLU systems
0 and 1.
The peripheral functional units comprise:
subscriber line modules (SLM)
test equipment
The high bit-rate subscriber line modules for ADSL, G.Lite and SDSL, and the packet
hub, are add-on units to the peripheral functional units.
The functional units for remote operation comprise:
standalone service control (SASC)
external alarm set (ALEX)
For information on the mechanical design of the DLUG see Maintenance Manual Mechanical Design.
Bild 1.1 gives an overview of the structure of the DLUG functional units.
Analog lines
SLMA
Digital lines
(ISDN-BA)
SLMD
V5.1 interfaces
DLUV
Internet
users
SLMI
DLU side 1
(DLUC)
LTG
DLU side 0
(DLUC)
Test bus
LTBAM
SASC
External alarm
set
ALEX
Bild 1.1
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Interfaces
The DLUG has the following external interfaces:
Subscriber line interfaces
POTS and ISDN functions are provided via the analog and digital subscriber line
modules in the DLUG.
The high bit-rate xDSL subscriber lines offer cost-efficient access to the Internet.
Interfaces to LTG
The DLUG can be connected to line/trunk group N (LTGN) via up to 16 primary digital carriers (PDC).
The local DLU interface (LDI) in the LTG allows the DLUG to be connected to an
LTGN via four 4096-kbit/s links instead of eight 2048-kbit/s links.
ISP (Internet service provider) interface
The DLUG has the following internal interfaces:
ATM interfaces
Data traffic and Internet protocols (simple network management protocol, SNMP)
are transmitted between the xDSL modules and the packet hub via the ATM interfaces.
Control network (CN) interface
The CN interface is used for module control by means of MML and for line signaling
for analog calls.
Transmission systems in the DLUG
The transmission systems implemented in the DLUG support connections to the network node and to other remote DLUs (e.g. remote shelter), and if required to other 2Mbit/s interfaces such as to V5.1 networks.
For these functions, the DLUG can be equipped with HDSL (high-rate digital subscriber
line) transmission systems for copper cable.
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2 DLUG Functions
The sequence of functions required to handle a call request and their path through the
network node are illustrated in Fig. 2.1
Calling party
DLU
SLM
DLUC
DLU
SLM
DLUC
SN
LTG
GP
LTG
GP
CP
Fig. 2.1
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module. The external alarm set forwards alarm signals (e.g. power failure, overheating, unauthorized entry,...) to the network node.
The choice between the ALEX function implemented in the DLUC and that provided
by the external alarm set (ALEX) module depends on the operators alarm requirements.
The principle difference lies in the interfaces. The external alarm set module (ALEX)
has 16 outputs, all at 60 V. The ALEX function in the DLUC only has 15 outputs, 11
at TTL level (e.g. for shelter applications) and 4 at 60 V.
The DLUC supports the ALEX function for alarm lines of up to 2 m in length. If the
length of the alarm lines exceeds 2 m, the ALEX module must be used.
Bus distributor module (BDG)
The bus distributor module (BDG) forms the link between the subscriber line modules
(SLM) and the central functional unit DLUC on one DLU side. A DLUG can accommodate up to four BDG modules per DLU side.
Each BDG is assigned to a specific DLU side in terms of control bus, voice and data bus
and collision detection (CD) bus. The BDGs in shelves 0, 2, 4 and 6 are assigned to DLU
side 0, while the BDGs in shelves 1, 3, 5 and 7 are assigned to DLU side 1. One BDG
serves one system side containing 32 SLMs.
Bus systems
Communication between the central functional units and the peripheral functional units
takes place over a duplicated bus system. The components of the DLUG duplicated bus
system are:
Voice and data bus
The voice and data buses transfer user information (voice and data) to and from the
SLMs at a rate of 4096 kHz or 8196 kHz. There is a fixed allocation between the
channels of the voice and data buses and the channels of the PDCs, determined by
the DIU/LDI function in the DLUC.
Each voice and data bus has its point of departure in one of the functional units
DLUC0 or DLUC1 (star network from the DIU component to the BDGs, star bus from
the BDGs to the SLMs).
Within a shelf, the flow of information on each bus system is routed via the BDGs to
all mounting locations for SLM. This means that every SLM can be reached from
both sides of the DLU.
The bus signals are synchronized with the system clock.
Collision detection (CD) bus
The collision detection bus is duplicated and is used exclusively by the digital subscriber line modules (SLMD) or the Internet subscriber line modules (SLMI:SDx). It
runs parallel to the voice and data bus. The collision detection bus regulates bus access. If two different SLMs try to send data over the Bd channel (a B channel used
for a packet data connection) to the LTG at the same time, the collision detection bus
prevents them from accessing the Bd channel simultaneously. One timeslot is reserved for the Bd channel on the voice and data bus.
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2.2
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vide test access between the individual shelves and the test interfaces and the test
switching relays on the SLMAs.
Several versions of the SLMA are available:
SLMA:ITFG
Subscriber line module, analog, with integrated test and measurement functions (integrated line test function, ILTF), without classical MTA, for 32 subscriber lines
SLMA:ITMG
Subscriber line module, analog, with ILTF, for classical MTAB, for 32 subscribers
SLMA:ITHG
Subscriber line module, analog, with ILTF, for classical MTAB, for 32 subscribers,
with higher loop current at ports 0, 1 and 2
Module SLMA:ITHG provides the option of connecting special-purpose terminals
that require a higher amperage, up to 45mA (e.g. certain coinbox phones) to the first
3 ports.
Subscriber line module, digital (SLMD)
A Subscriber line module, digital (SLMD) contains 16 digital subscriber line circuits
(SLCD). Each subscriber line circuit provides an interface for ISDN basic access (BA).
Tab. 2.1 lists the SLMD variants that can be deployed.
SLMD type
Number of
line circuits
Line code*
(depending on ISDN BA)
ILTF
SLMD:TFB
16
4B3T
SLMD:QFB
16
2B1Q
Tab. 2.1
SLMD types
The SLMD (with ILTF) provides a periodic access test (PAT) function. This test involves
activating layer 1 at the SLMD ports at regular intervals of 5 minutes; if it is possible to
activate the layer at least as far as the ISDN network termination (NT), the line is considered to be accessible.
The PAT does not test the ability of the line circuit to receive power feed nor the analog
line parameters of the SLMD; if an error is detected when layer 1 is activated for testing,
the SLMD performs further fault analysis on the line circuit and reports the cause of the
error to the system.
If needed, the system is capable of starting other analysis routines. The ability of the
SLCD to receive power feed and the analog parameters of the ISDN line can be tested.
To do this, a selected SLMA with ILTF function is used in pure ILTF mode. The first 8
SLCAs (0...7) on this ILTF test SLMA are reserved for special test functions. The special
test functions are: test of the ability of the ILTF-SLMD to receive power feed, measurement of the analog parameters of the ISDN line for fault location, monitoring functions.
Subscriber lines can be connected to the other 24 SLCAs (8...32) on the ILTF test SLMA.
Ringing ac voltage is not fed to the SLMD. The SLMD sends a digital ringing command
to the terminal and ringing tone is generated in the terminal itself.
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Up to eight SLMI:FMxs, up to six SLMI:AMxs and up to eight SLMI:SDxs can be connected to the packet hub.
Redundancy is a further feature of the packet hub. When a complete shelf is equipped
with redundant modules, every Internet subscriber line module is linked to both packet
hubs via HBRS interfaces. The packet hubs communicate via the ATM cross channel
and operate in master/slave mode. In the event of failure of the master unit, the other
packet hub takes over the traffic handling for all Internet subscriber line modules.
Subscriber line module with Internet access, modem pool card
(SLMI:MPx)
The subscriber line module with Internet access, modem pool card (SLMI:MPx) is used
in conjunction with the SLMI:PHUB.
The main function of the modem pool card to assist in signal processing tasks and to
provide an interface between the subscriber lines (analog or ISDN) and the packet hub.
A maximum of two packet hubs can be connected to the modem pool card.
Metallic test access (MTA)
Metallic test access (MTA) allows external subscriber-line test systems to access the
subscriber lines connected to the DLUs. The DLU utilizes metallic test access type B
(MTAB), which is implemented by module LTBAM.
To provide the type-B metallic test access function (MTAB), as shown in Fig. 2.2, one
LTBAM module is installed in each DLU. This gives the DLU two test interfaces. External
test equipment is connected to the analog subscriber lines to be tested by means of
module LTBAM in the DLU and the test matrix units in the SLMAs. Two tests can be performed simultaneously on a DLU using external test equipment.
All tests and measurements are performed via the test interfaces, which are located in
the DLU. They provide metallic test access for the external test equipment and measuring instruments installed locally in the network node. The test interface of a specific DLU
is used to test the subscriber lines connected to that DLU.
The test interfaces are activated and deactivated via the control interface, which is implemented by an MF-PC (PC with switching functions) located in the network node. It is
connected to an external test system and to the coordination processor (CP) by means
of control lines. The MF-PC converts the test systems message format into the standard
message format used by the switching system.
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DLU
Metallic test
access
CP
LTBAM*
DLU
External
test
equipment
LTBAM*
DLU
LTBAM*
DLU
LTBAM*
Conversion of
activation commands into MML
commands
Activation
command
Activation command
(signaling)
MF-PC
2.3
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The main functions of the SASC-G under normal operating conditions are:
Supervisory functions, e.g.
Storing DLU data (SLM information, subscriber data, e.g., directory numbers)
Verifying the integrity of stored code and data
Performing diagnosis at the request of the DLUC
Monitoring information received from the DLUC, e.g. changes of state
Receiving and storing data sent by the LTG via the DLUC relating to changes to or
additional properties of subscriber lines and ports
Starting standalone service, on receipt of simultaneous requests from both DLUCs.
The SASC-Gs switch to standalone service after a guard time of <60 s (after the request for standalone service from the two DLUCs).
The main functions of the SASC-G in standalone service are:
controlling the setup and release of calls made by subscribers served by that DLUG
verifying the database and updating it when necessary (after restoral of normal operating conditions)
carrying out internal hardware routine tests and some supervisory functions (equivalent to those carried out under normal operating conditions)
controlling the tone receivers
terminating standalone service when the connection between at least one DLUC
and the network node has been restored
Alarm treatment
The External Alarm Set (ALEX) is used to forward up to 16 different external alarms (e.g.
power failure, unauthorized access) to the NetManager and/or the network node.
Operators can choose to use the DLUC ALEX function or install external alarm set modules (ALEX), according to their requirements.
The ALEX performs the following functions:
reading, identifying and evaluating the states of up to 16 alarm contacts
handling data communication with DLUC0 and DLUC1
monitoring its own firmware and terminating the exchange of data with the DLUCs
on detection of firmware errors
monitoring its own hardware and sending analysis reports on detection of hardware
faults
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2.5
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3 DLUG Hardware
The DLUG hardware is composed of a number of functional groups:
Central Functional Units
Peripheral Functional Units
Functional Units for Remote Operation
The functions of the functional units are implemented in hardware modules.
1
32
SLMA32
DLU side 0
PDC0
DLUC
1
16
BDG
PDC7
DIU/LDI
SLMD16
LTBAM (opt.)
GCG
PDC8
ALEX
function
PDC15
1
n
SLMI:AMx
Packet hub
to Internet via:
1
16
1
4
SLMI:FMx
E1,T1
E3,T3
SLMI:SDA
SLMI:SDx
STM1
HBRS
100BaseT
SASC-G
ALEX
1
10
Fig. 3.1
3.1
LTCD
DLUV (V5.1)
LTG
3.1.1
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Fig. 3.2
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Module DLUC
3.1.2
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Fig. 3.3
3.2
3.2.1
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Fig. 3.4
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3.2.2
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a/b
SLCD0
IDEC
NT
D channels
Ports 0...3
SCA
Flash
EPROM
D-RAM
IDEC
IOM2 bus 1
D channels
Ports 4...7
Reset
ELIC
EPIC
SACCO
4096-kbit/s bus 0/
collision bus 0
4096-kbit/s bus 1/
collision bus 1
SACCO
LCP
IOM2 bus 2
IDEC
D channels
Ports 8...11
SAP
a/b
NT
SLCD15
IDEC
D channels
Ports 12...15
Control bus 0
Control bus 1
ILTF test
SLMA
Fig. 3.5
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Ring/Tip
7
PCM
BSLIC
0...3
BQAP
0
BSLIC
4...7
BQAP
1
Dolce
BMuPP 0
CN
DPRAM
Flash
B-MuSLIC
SDRAM
BSLIC
8...11
BQAP
2
BSLIC
12...15
BQAP
3
BMuPP 1
MPC
860
ATM
ATM
PLD
for FS
Fig. 3.6
G.Lite DSP
block
3.2.4
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3.2.5
T
D
M
/
I
O
M
Core
controller
CPU
ATM
interface
CPM
SIU
ATM
ATM
SDRAM
a2
FSRAM
MuBIC
b2
a3
MuBIC
b3
B
u
f
f
e
r
EPLD
FEPROM
ASIC
SCA2
CN, CD, PCM, CLK (DLU
interface)
DRAM
Fig. 3.7
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Fig. 3.8
Module SLMI:PHUB
3.2.7
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Fig. 3.9
3.2.8
Module SLMI:MPx
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3.3.1
Channel
allocation unit
(TSU)
Inter-DLU interface
0
EMU
LDIMX
Control bus 1
EMU
LDIMX
HDLC
Control section
Fig. 3.10
3.3.2
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Supply
voltage
UPS
Control section
Polling
circuit
Port
expansion
ALEXCP
Hardware test
circuit
Alarm 0
Alarm 15
Fig. 3.11
Alarm
indicator 0
Alarm
indicator 15
Watchdog
Control bus 0
Signal
transmission
Control bus 1
Failure
test
Backplane
Voltage supervisi
on
Reset
circuit
Peripheral
reset signal
PRS from
DCC
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4 Safeguarding
Only small proportion of the safeguarding software is implemented in the DLU itself. All
of the more important parts of the DLU safeguarding software are implemented in the
LTG and in the CP. The main safeguarding functions in the LTG are error detection, fault
analysis and recovery, i.e. initializing and reloading the DLU.
The CP coordinates those safeguarding tasks which the LTG is unable to handle alone
(e.g. combined error messages).
The main safeguarding functions are described below.
Fig. 4.1 shows the DLU-specific safeguarding system and how it is distributed among
the functional units.
Processors
Hierarchy
DLUCx
LTGN
CP
Fig. 4.1
Error detection
Errors are detected by various means:
Plausibility checks
Plausibility checks are performed throughout the system. Safeguarding processes
provide their own protection with the aid of consistency checks and watchdog timers.
When a process detects an error, it activates fault analysis for software errors and in
doing so updates the error records.
Audits
The task of audits is to monitor certain software areas of the LTG and DLU.
Routine test and diagnosis
The DLU routine test (automatic) and diagnosis (started by the system operator)
functions test hardware units and locate hardware faults. The purpose of diagnosis
is to verify errors that were detected by the routine test. DLU diagnosis provides support in the following activities:
testing the operability of a DLU before it is taken into service
identifying faulty modules
checking the operability of a DLU after module replacement
The routine test and diagnosis functions detect hardware faults that cannot be detected during normal program execution.
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Fault analysis
The fault analysis function in the LTG processes error messages issued by the error detection programs in the LTG and DLU. Fault analysis functions are spread throughout
the whole system (CP, LTG, DLU, SLM). The tasks performed by fault analysis are:
analyzing error events
choosing the method of fault treatment
collecting error symptoms
compiling and maintaining error statistics
In order to analyze error events, they are assigned error numbers by fault analysis.
These numbers identify the error events and classify them according to error types that
call for the same type of fault treatment. The location of the fault is specified relative to
a configurable unit of the DLU and LTG (DLU equipment, DLU module, DLU port, DIU
in LTG). Types of fault treatment comprise:
re-configuring the affected unit to isolate the fault
releasing, blocking or allowing call-processing activities for the affected unit
informing the CP of the occurrence of the fault and reporting the operating state of
the faulty or no longer faulty unit
executing recovery in the failed unit after it has been repaired or when an end-offault message is issued
measuring the recovery duration (downtime)
ignoring the error
compiling error statistics
Depending on the type of unit affected by the fault or the type of fault, fault analysis passes control to:
fault analysis for DLU
fault analysis for DLU unit (e.g. SLM)
fault analysis for common channel signaling (CCS)
software error treatment
statistical fault analysis
subscriber line fault analysis
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Recovery
The recovery function performs actions designed to restore the faulty units to an operable condition.
Recovery in the DLU itself is triggered by software errors or in connection with the execution of configuration commands. The recovery actions are graduated according to the
severity of their effect on the system as a whole:
Restart
Resetting and initializing a specific process to a defined initial state. This recovery
affects no more than one call.
New start
Resetting of all processes and restarting operation, whereby all calls are maintained
Initial start
Resetting of all processes and initializing the periphery, combined with the release
of all established calls and, if necessary, the reloading of code and/or semipermanent data
Hardware faults cannot be cleared by means of recovery. All that can be done is to reinitialize and reload the database after a power outage.
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A30828-X1150-K109-2-7618
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5 Technical Data
Connection options
Subscriber lines
(per rack)
V5.1 interfaces
(in F:DLU(G))
Transmission systems
Transmission system used on
PDCs
proprietary method
transmission system
up to 200 erlangs
Equivalent values apply to systems equipped with
four 1544-kbit/s PDCs (94 voice/data channels) and
two 1544-kbit/s PDCs (46 voice/data channels).
Clock pulses
A30828-X1150-K109-2-7618
33
34
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Operating voltages
+5 V, +52 V, 68 V, 97 V
Battery voltage
48 V or 60 V
A30828-X1150-K109-2-7618