Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
FACULTAD DE INGENIERA
E. A. P. DE INGENIERA CIVIL
I.
INTRODUCCION
Anlisis matemtico
pg. 1
III
II.
OBJETRIVOS
2.1. OBJETIVO GENERAL
III.
MARCO TEORICO
Anlisis matemtico
pg. 2
III
F ( x )=
a0
+ [ancos ( nx ) +bnsen (nx )]
2 n=1
a 0=
1
f ( x ) dx
an=
1
f ( x ) cos (nx )dx
bn=
1
f ( x ) sen (nx )dx
Anlisis matemtico
pg. 3
III
F (x) = -f(-x) slo tienen trminos en senos, haciendo uso del hecho que
f(x) = -f(-x) = -f(x'):
Entonces tenemos:
1
a 0= f ( x ) dx=0
1
an= f ( x ) cos (nx )dx=0
2
f ( x ) sen ( nx ) dx= f ( x ) sen(nx ) dx
0
bn=
F ( x )= [bnsen(nx )]
n=1
Donde:
f ( x ) sen ( nx ) dx=
2
f ( x ) sen(nx ) dx ; n=1,2,3,
0
1
bn=
Funcin par
F (x) = f (-x) slo tienen trminos en cosenos y la constante.
Anlisis matemtico
pg. 4
III
2
f ( x ) dx= f ( x ) dx
0
a 0=
an=
1
f ( x ) cos (nx )dx= 2 f ( x ) cos (nx )dx
0
f ( x ) sen ( nx ) dx= 0
1
bn=
Por lo tanto la expansin en serie de Fourier de una funcin peridica par,
e periodo 2, consiste de trminos de cosenos solamente y est dado por:
F ( x )=
a0
+ [ancos ( nx ) ]
2 n=1
Donde:
1
2
an= f ( x ) cos (nx )dx= f ( x ) cos ( nx )dx ; n=0,1,2,3,
0
Plot: Crea una grfica x-y. Este comando plotear los elementos del
vector x en el eje horizontal de una figura, y los elementos del
vector y en el eje vertical de la figura. Por defecto, cada vez que se
use el comando plot, se borrar la figura que estaba, quedando solo
la nueva.
Los (:) Se usan para generar matrices, indica todas las filas o todas
las columnas de sta; en una funcin con los dos puntos se colocan
el primer y ltimo valor que esta tomara y el incremento por defecto
Anlisis matemtico
pg. 5
III
Anlisis matemtico
pg. 6
III
IV.
CONCLUCIONES
Anlisis matemtico
pg. 7
III
V.
BIBLIOGRAFIA
Anlisis matemtico
pg. 8
III
PROBLEMAS
1. Calcular la serie de Fourier la siguiente funcin f(x)=x*sin(x); peridica en -
x
SOLUCIN
clc
clear
close all
x=-pi:0.0001:pi
y=x.*sin(x)
plot(x,y)
hold on
x1=pi:0.0001:3*pi
plot(x1,y)
hold on
x2=3*pi:0.0001:5*pi
plot(x2,y)
hold on
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-4
-2
Anlisis matemtico
pg. 9
6
x
III
10
12
14
16
a0
pi
1
a0 = xsenxdx
pi pi
a0 =1
b. Hallamos
an
pi
1
xsenxcos (nx) dx
pi pi
an =
Para n1se tiene
2(1)n+1
an =
n21
c. Hallamos bn
Cumple con la condicin Serie de Fourier de funcin PAR.
bn =0
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
y 3 1 cosx cos 2 x + cos 3 x cos 4 x + cos 5 x cos 6 x+ cos 7 x
2
3
8
15
24
35
48
Anlisis matemtico
pg. 10
III
Cdigo en MATLAB
clc
clear
close all
x=-3*pi:0.0001:3*pi
y=1-(1/2)*cos(x)-(2/3)*cos(2*x)
plot(x,y)
hold on
x1=-3*pi:0.0001:3*pi
y1=1-(1/2)*cos(x1)(2/3)*cos(2*x1)+(2/8)*cos(3*x1)(2/15)*cos(4*x1)
plot(x1,y1)
hold on
x2=-3*pi:0.0001:3*pi
y2=1-(1/2)*cos(x2)(2/3)*cos(2*x2)+(2/8)*cos(3*x2)(2/15)*cos(4*x2)+(2/24)*cos(5*x2)(2/35)*cos(6*x2)+(2/48)*cos(7*x2)
plot(x2,y2)
Grfica en MATLAB
1.5
0.5
y1
0
y2
y3
-0.5
-10
-8
-6
-4
Anlisis matemtico
pg. 11
-2
III
10
f (x)=x
; peridica en -
x
SOLUCIN
A. Grfica de la funcin
a. Cdigo MATLAB para graficar funcin
f ( x)=x 2 ; peridica en - x
clc
clear
close all
x=-pi:0.001:pi
y=x.^2
plot(x,y)
hold on
x1=pi:0.001:3*pi
plot(x1,y)
hold on
x2=3*pi:0.001:5*pi
plot(x2,y)
hold on
x3=5*pi:0.001:7*pi
plot(x3,y)
hold on
x4=7*pi:0.001:9*pi
plot(x4,y)
hold on
x5=9*pi:0.001:11*pi
plot(x5,y)
6
5
4
3
2
Anlisis
matemtico
1
pg. 12
0
-5
10
III
15
X
20
25
30
35
a0
pi
1
a0 = x2 dx
pi pi
2
a0 = 2
3
b. Hallamos
an
pi
1
an = x2 cos (nx) dx
pi pi
an =
4
(1)n
2
n
c. Hallamos
bn
pi
bn =
1
x2 sen (nx )dx
pi pi
bn =0
d. La serie de Fourier es:
f (x)
1 2
4
4
4
4 cosx+ cos 2 x cos 3 x + cos 4 x cos 5 x +
3
9
16
25
1 2
4 cosx+cos 2 x
3
y2
1 2
4
4
4 cosx +cos 2 x cos 3 x + cos 4 x
3
9
16
Anlisis matemtico
pg. 13
III
y3
1 2
4
4
4
4
4
4
4 cosx+cos 2 x cos 3 x + cos 4 x cos 5 x + cos 6 x cos 7+ cos 8 x
3
9
16
25
36
49
64
Cdigo en MATLAB
clc
clear
close all
x=pi:0.001:11*pi
y=1/3*pi^2-4*cos(x)+cos(2*x)
plot(x,y)
hold on
x1=pi:0.001:11*pi
y1=1/3*pi^2-4*cos(x1)+cos(2*x1)4/9* cos(3*x1)+4/16* cos(4*x1)
plot(x1,y1)
hold on
x2=pi:0.001:11*pi
y2=1/3*pi^2-4*cos(x2)+cos(2*x2)4/9* cos(3*x2)+4/16* cos(4*x2)4/25 *cos(5*x2)+4/36 *cos(6*x2)4/49 *cos(7*x2)+4/64 *cos(8*x2)
plot(x2,y2)
Grfica en MATLAB
10
9
y1
y2
y3
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
Anlisis matemtico
1
III
pg. 14
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
f ( x )= /4
f ( x )= /4
en - x 0 y
en
0 x
SOLUCIN
A. Grfica de la funcin
a. Cdigo MATLAB para graficar funcin
f ( x)=x
; peridica en - x
clc
clear
close all
x3=-pi:0.001:pi
y3=2
plot(x3,y3)
hold on
x4=-pi:0.001:0
y4=-2
plot(x4,y4)
hold on
x=-pi:0.001:0
y=-pi/4
plot(x,y,'r-')
hold on
x1=0:0.001:pi
y1=pi/4
plot(x1,y1,'r-')
hold on
x2=pi:0.001:2*pi
plot(x2,y,'r-')
hold on
x5=2*pi:0.001:3*pi
plot(x5,y1,'r-')
hold on
x6=3*pi:0.001:4*pi
plot(x6,y,'r-')
hold
on
2
x7=4*pi:0.001:5*pi
plot(x7,y1,'r-')
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
Anlisis
matemtico
-1.5
III
pg. 15
-2
-4
-2
6
x
10
12
14
16
a. Hallamos
0
pi
pi
dx + dx
pi
4
pi
0 4
)
1
a0=
pi
a0 =
2
an
b. Hallamos
pi
pi
pi
cos ( nx ) dx+ cos ( nx ) dx
4
0 4
0
pi
an=
pi
an =0
c. Hallamos
bn
pi
pi
pi
sen ( nx ) dx + sen ( nx ) dx
4
0 4
0
pi
bn =
pi
0 , si n es par
bn = 1
, si n es impar
n
Anlisis matemtico
pg. 16
III
sen 3 x
+ senx+
4
3
y2
sen 3 x sen 5 x
+senx+
+
4
3
5
y3
sen 9 x
9
Cdigo en MATLAB
clc
clear
close all
x=-pi:0.001:11*pi
y=(pi/4)+sin(x)
plot(x,y)
hold on
x1=-pi:0.001:11*pi
y1=(pi/4)+ sin(x)+ sin(3*x)/3+
sin(3*x)/3+sin(5*x)/5
plot(x1,y1)
hold on
x2=-pi:0.001:11*pi
y2=(pi/4)+ sin(x)+ sin(3*x)/3+
sin(3*x)/3+sin(5*x)/5+ sin(7*x)/7+
sin(9*x)/9
plot(x2,y2)
Anlisis matemtico
pg. 17
III
Grfica en MATLAB
2.5
1.5
0.5
y1
y2
y3
clc
clear
0
close
all
%funcion f(x)=x
x=0:0.001:pi
y=x
-0.5
plot(x,y)
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
hold on
x
x1=2*pi:0.001:3*pi
plot(x1,y)
4. Calcular
holdlaonserie de Fourier la siguiente funcin f(x)=|x|; peridica en - x
x2=4*pi:0.001:5*pi
plot(x2,y)
SOLUCIN
hold on
x3=6*pi:0.001:7*pi
A). Grfica
de la funcin
plot(x3,y)
hold on
a. Cdigo
MATLAB para graficar funcin f(x)=|x|; peridica en - x
x4=8*pi:0.001:9*pi
plot(x4,y)
hold on
x5=10*pi:0.001:11*pi
plot(x5,y)
%funcion f(x)=-x
hold on
x6=-pi:0.001:0
y1=-x6
plot(x6,y1)
hold on
x7=pi:0.001:2*pi
plot(x7,y1)
hold on
x8=3*pi:0.001:4*pi
plot(x8,y1)
hold on
x9=5*pi:0.001:6*pi
plot(x9,y1)
hold on
x10=7*pi:0.001:8*pi
plot(x10,y1)
hold on
III
x11=9*pi:0.001:10*pi
pg. 18
plot(x11,y1)
Anlisis matemtico
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
-5
10
a0
Anlisis matemtico
pg. 19
III
15
20
25
30
pi
1
1
a0 = xdx + xdx
pi pi
pi 0
a0 =
b. Hallamos
an
an =
pi
1
1
xcos (nx ) dx+ xcos (nx ) dx
pi pi
pi 0
0,n es par
an = 4
,n es impar
n2
c. Hallamos bn
pi
bn =
1
x3 sen(nx ) dx
pi pi
bn =0
4
4
4
4
cosx
cos 3 x
cos 5 x
cos 7 x+
2
9
25
49
4
4
cosx
cos 3 x
2
9
y2
4
4
4
cosx
cos 3 x
cos 5 x
2
9
25
y3
4
4
4
4
4
4
cosx
cos 3 x
cos 5 x
cos 7 x
cos 9 x cos 11 x
2
9
25
49
81
121
Anlisis matemtico
pg. 20
III
Cdigo en MATLAB
clc
clear
close all
x=-pi:0.001:9*pi
y=pi/2-4/pi*cos(x)-4/(pi*9)* cos(3*x)
plot(x,y)
hold on
x1=-pi:0.001:9*pi
y1=pi/2-4/pi*cos(x1)-4/(pi*9)* cos(3*x1)-4/(pi*25)* cos(5*x1)
plot(x1,y1)
hold on
x2=-pi:0.001:9*pi
y2=pi/2-4/pi*cos(x2)-4/(pi*9)* cos(3*x2)-4/(pi*25)* cos(5*x2)-4/(pi*49)*
cos(7*x2)-4/(pi*81)* cos(9*x2)-4/(pi*121)* cos(11*x2)
plot(x2,y2)
Grfica en MATLAB
3.5
y1
y2
y3
3
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
-5
10
15
20
25
f ( x )=x 3 2 x ; peridica en
- x
SOLUCIN
clear
close all
x=-pi:0.001:pi
y=x.^3-(pi.^2)*x
plot(x,y)
hold on
x1=pi:0.001:3*pi
plot(x1,y)
hold on
x2=3*pi:0.001:5*pi
pg. 21 plot(x2,y)
Anlisis matemtico
III
; peridica en - x
30
15
10
-5
-10
-15
-4
-2
6
x
a0
x
( 3 2 x )dx
pi
1
a0=
pi pi
Anlisis matemtico
pg. 22
III
10
12
14
16
a0 =0
b. Hallamos
an
x
( 3 x )cos( nx) dx
pi
1
an =
pi pi
2
an =0
c. Hallamos bn
x
( 3 x )sen (nx)dx
pi
1
b n=
pi pi
2
1
( n)
12
bn = 3
n
12
12
sen 2 x sen 3 x +
8
27
12
sen 2 x
8
y 2 12 senx+
12
12
12
sen 2 x sen 3 x+ sen 4 x
8
27
64
y 3 12 senx+
12
12
12
12
12
12
sen 2 x sen 3 x+ sen 4 x
sen 5 x+
sen 6 x
sen 7 x
8
27
64
125
216
343
Anlisis matemtico
pg. 23
III
Cdigo en MATLAB
clc
clear
close all
x=-pi:0.001:5*pi
y=-12*sin(x)+(12/8)*sin(2*x)
plot(x,y)
hold on
x1=-pi:0.001:5*pi
y1=-12*sin(x1)+(12/8)*sin(2*x1)-(12/27)*sin(3*x1)+(12/64)*sin(4*x1)
plot(x1,y1)
hold on
x2=-pi:0.001:5*pi
y2=-12*sin(x2)+(12/8)*sin(2*x2)-(12/27)*sin(3*x2)+(12/64)*sin(4*x2)(12/125)*sin(5*x2)+(12/216)*sin(6*x2)-(12/343)*sin(7*x2)
plot(x2,y2)
Grfica en MATLAB
15
10
-5
-10
-15
-4
-2
Anlisis matemtico
pg. 24
6
x
III
10
12
14
16
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
-0.2
-4
-2
Anlisis matemtico
pg. 25
III
10
a0
senx dx
pi
pi
senx dx +
pi
pi
1
a 0=
pi
a0 =
b. Hallamos
an
senxcos ( nx ) dx
pi
pi
senxcos ( nx ) dx +
pi
pi
1
an =
pi
0, si n es impar
4
,n par
(1n)(1+n)
c. Hallamos bn
Cumple con la condicin Serie de Fourier de funcin PAR.
bn =0
4 4
4
4
4
cos ( 2 x)
cos 4 x +
cos 6 x cos 8 x +
3
15
35
63
Anlisis matemtico
pg. 26
III
y1
4
4
cos ( 2 x)
3
y2
4 4
4
cos ( 2 x)
cos 4 x
3
15
y3
4 4
4
4
4
cos (2 x )
cos 4 x
cos 6 x cos 8 x
3
15
35
63
Cdigo en MATLAB
clc
clear
close all
x=0:0.0001:3*pi
y=4/pi-(4/(3*pi))*cos(2*x)
plot(x,y)
hold on
x1=0:0.0001:3*pi
y1=4/pi-(4/(3*pi))*cos(2*x1)-(4/(15*pi))*cos(4*x1)
plot(x1,y1)
hold on
x2=0:0.0001:3*pi
y2=4/pi-(4/(3*pi))*cos(2*x2)-(4/(15*pi))*cos(4*x2)-(4/
(35*pi))*cos(6*x2)-(4/(63*pi))*cos(8*x2)
plot(x2,y2)
hold on
1.7
Grfica en MATLAB
y1
y2
y3
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
0.9
Anlisis matemtico
0.8
III
pg. 27
0.7
5
x
10
; peridica en - x
SOLUCIN
clc
clear
close all
x=-pi:0.001:pi
y=x.^3
plot(x,y)
hold on
x1=pi:0.001:3*pi
plot(x1,y)
hold on
x2=3*pi:0.001:5*pi
plot(x2,y)
hold on
x3=5*pi:0.001:7*pi
plot(x3,y)
hold on
x4=7*pi:0.001:9*pi
plot(x4,y)
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
Anlisis matemtico
pg. 28
-40
-5
III
10
15
20
25
30
a0
pi
1
a0 = x3 dx
pi pi
a0 =0
pi
b. Hallamos
an
1
x3 cos ( nx ) dx
pi pi
an =
an =0
c. Hallamos bn
pi
1
bn = x3 sen(nx )dx
pi pi
2 2 12
bn =
+ 3 (1)n
n
n
2 2 12
2 2 12
2 2 12
2 2 12
2 2 12
+
sinx+
+
sin 2 x
+
sin 3 x +
+
sin 4 x
+
sin 5
1
1
2
8
3
27
4
64
5
125
) (
Anlisis matemtico
pg. 29
III
2 2 12
2 2 12
2 2 12
+
sinx+
+
sin 2 x
+
sin 3 x
1
1
2
8
3
27
2 2 12
2 2 12
2 2 12
2 2 12
2 2 12
+
sinx+
+
sin 2 x
+
sin3 x +
+
sin 4 x
+
sin 5
1
1
2
8
3
27
4
64
5
125
y3
) (
y2
2 12
2 12
+
sinx +
+
sin 2 x
1
1
2
8
y1
) (
) (
2 2 12
+
sin 6 x
6
216
Cdigo en MATLAB
clc
clear
close all
x=pi:0.0001:11*pi
y=-((-2*pi^2)/1+12/1)*sin(x)+((-2*pi^2)/2+12/8)*sin(2*x)
plot(x,y)
hold on
x1=pi:0.0001:11*pi
y1=-((-2*pi^2)/1+12/1)*sin(x1)+((-2*pi^2)/2+12/8)*sin(2*x1)-((2*pi^2)/3+12/27)*sin(3*x1)
plot(x1,y1)
hold on
x2=pi:0.0001:11*pi
y2=-((-2*pi^2)/1+12/1)*sin(x2)+((-2*pi^2)/2+12/8)*sin(2*x2)-((2*pi^2)/3+12/27)*sin(3*x2)+((-2*pi^2)/4+12/64)*sin(4*x2)-((30
2*pi^2)/5+12/125)*sin(5*x2)+((-2*pi^2)/6+12/216)*sin(6*x2)
plot(x2,y2)
20
10
Grfica en MATLAB
0
-10
y1
y2
y3
-20
Anlisis matemtico
III
pg. 30
-30
10
15
20
25
30
35
Anlisis matemtico
pg. 31
III