Lacerna, Darryl Colleen B.

Ateneo de Naga University

Biggs' Taxonomy

Enni's Critical
Thinking

Fink's Taxonomy
of Significant
Learning

Quellmatz'
Framework of
Thinking Skills

Marzano's New
Taxonomy of
Education
Objectives

John Biggs

Robert H. Ennis

Dr. Lee Dee Fink

Edys Quellmalz

Robert J.
Marzano

Procedures/Steps Procedures/Steps Procedures/Steps Procedures/Steps Procedures/Steps

a. Pre structural
- student misses the
point
b. Uni structural
- single/simple
ideas/concepts
-giving names,
identify, remember,
label
-relationship still
miss out

a. Clarify the
problem
- provide specific
questions
b. Gather
information

a. Foundational
Knowledge
- Understanding and
remembering
* Information
* Ideas

b. Application
- Skills
-Thinking
* Critical, creative,
and practical
c. Multi structural
- a number of
d. Conduct advanced thinking
- Managing projects
connection; but
clarifications
misses the whole or -weighing points
general meaning
given by inferencing c. Integration
- Connecting
-summary
d. Relational
-collating
* Ideas
- he is able to
* People
appreciate the
e. Making Judgment
* Realms of life
relationship between - decision making
the symbols
d. Human
- if you fall in this
stage, you can
Dimension
already discuss,
- Learning about
reson out, judge,
oneself, others.
evaluate, analyze,
-Students use
differentiate, explain
reflection and team
compare and
contrast.
feedback to identify
areas where they
e. Extended Abstract
have strengths and
- thinking BEYOND
areas that need
-relating prionciples,
improvement.
extended
c. Making inference
-analyze data/
arguments
-challenge questions
- validate references

a. Recall
- remembering and
recognizing
b. Analysis
- Understanding
cause and effect
- Reflective
structuring of
knowledge

a. Retrieval
(Cognitive System)
- Executing
-Recalling
- Recognizing
b. Comprehension
(Cognitive System)
- Symbolizing
- Integrating

c. Comparison
- Explain similarities
and differences
c. Analysis
(Cognitive System)
d. Inference
- Specifying
- Deductive,
- Generalizing
inductive and
- Analyzing errors
abductive reasoning. - Classifying
- Matching
e. Evaluation
- Use criteria to
d. Knowledge
judge conclusions
Utilization
and quality.
(Cognitive System)
- Investigating
- Experimenting
-Problem-solving
- Decision-making
e. Meta cognitive
system
- Specifying Goals
- Process Monitoring
- Monitoring Clarity
- Monitoring
Accuracy

understanding to
another field.
-reading between the
lines, reading
beyond the lines.

Value the group

learning
environment.
e. Caring
- Developing new
feelings, interests,
values.
f. Learning How to
Learn
- Becoming a better
student; inquiring
about a subject; selfdirecting learners.

f. Self System
- Examining
importance
- Examining efficacy
- Examining
- Emotional
Response
- Examining
Motivation