Class#4

- The convolution integral (2.4)

- Convolution evaluation procedure (2.5)
- Interconnections of LTI systems (2.6)

UM-SJTU Joint Institute

Slide 1

Chengbin Ma

Review of Previous Lecture (1)

Convolution sum: the output of a discrete-time LTI
system.

Discrete-time signal: a time-shifted impulse with

amplitude given by the value of the signal at the time
the impulse occurs.
x[n]

x[1] [n 1] x[0] [n] x[1] [n 1]

x[k ] [n k ]

Weighted sum of basis functions

x[n]: the entire signal

x[k ]: a specific value of the signal x[n] at time k .
UM-SJTU Joint Institute

Slide 2

Chengbin Ma

Review of Previous Lecture (2)

Discrete-time LTI system: The output of an LTI
system is the convolution sum of the input to the
system and the impulse
response
of
the
system.

y[n] x[n] h[n]

x[k ]h[n k ]

x[0]h[n] x[1]h[n 1]

Evaluation
1.
2.
3.
4.

Direct form
LTI form
Convolution table
Reflection and shift

UM-SJTU Joint Institute

Convolution is used to represent

multiple impacts of the current/past
or future input signals.
Memory: a system is said to possess
memory if its output signal depends on
past or future values of the input signal.
Slide 3

Chengbin Ma

This Lecture
Convolution of continuous-time signal
Evaluation of the convolution integral
Interconnections of multiple LTI systems
Parallel connection
Distributive property

Cascade connection
Associative property
Commutative property

UM-SJTU Joint Institute

Slide 4

Chengbin Ma

Class#4
- The convolution integral (2.4)
- Convolution evaluation procedure (2.5)
- Interconnections of LTI systems (2.6)

UM-SJTU Joint Institute

Slide 5

Chengbin Ma

LTI Systems

UM-SJTU Joint Institute

Slide 6

Chengbin Ma

Convolution of Continuous-time Signal

h(t ) H { (t )}

y (t ) H {x(t )}

x(t ) (t t )dt x(t )

0

H { x( ) (t )d }

Linearity

x( ) H { (t )}d

Time invariance

UM-SJTU Joint Institute

x( )h(t )d

Slide 7

Chengbin Ma

Class#4
- The convolution integral (2.4)
- Convolution evaluation procedure (2.5)
- Interconnections of LTI systems (2.6)

UM-SJTU Joint Institute

Slide 8

Chengbin Ma

Evaluation of Convolution Integral

Reflect and shift of h()
Example#1: x(t) = u(t) - u(t-3) and h(t) = u(t) - u(t-2)
Example#2: x(t) = u(t) - u(t-2) and h(t) = e-t[u(t) - u(t10)] (such as RC circuit)

- cconvdemo.m
Overlapped area with the
moving window.

UM-SJTU Joint Institute

Slide 9

Chengbin Ma

The preceding example establishes a useful result for convolution with impulses:
The convolution of an arbitrary signal with a time-shifted impulse simply applies the same
time shift to the input signal. The analogous result holds for convolution with discretetime impulses .
...,. Problem 2.7

Determine y(t) = e-'u(t)

* {8(t + 1)

- B(t) + 28(t - 2) }.

Answer:

y(t) = e- (t+t>u(t + 1) - e-'u(t) + 2e-(t- 2>u(t - 2).

Class#4
- The convolution integral (2.4)
- Convolution evaluation procedure (2.5)
- Interconnections of LTI systems (2.6)

UM-SJTU Joint Institute

Slide 10

Chengbin Ma

Parallel Connection

Distributive property
y (t ) y1 (t ) y2 (t )
x(t ) * h1 (t ) x(t ) * h2 (t ) x(t ) *{h1 (t ) h2 (t )}

x( )h (t )d x( )h (t )d
1

x( ){h (t ) h (t )}d
1

y (t ) x( )h(t )d

x(t ) *{h1 (t ) h2 (t )}
UM-SJTU Joint Institute

Slide 11

Chengbin Ma

Cascade Connection
Associative Property

Commutative Property
UM-SJTU Joint Institute

Slide 12

Chengbin Ma

Associative Properties
(continued)

y (t ) {x(t ) * h1 (t )}* h2 (t )
x(t ) *{h1 (t ) * h2 (t )}

x( ) h1 ( ) h2 (t ) d d

x( ) h1 ( ) h2 (t ) d d

x( ) h (t ) * h (t ) d
1

x(t ) * h1 (t ) * h2 (t )

y (t ) {x(t ) * h1 (t )}* h2 (t )

{x( ) * h ( )}h (t )d
1

{ x( )h ( )d}h (t )d
1

x( )h ( )h (t )d d
1

y(t ) x( )h(t )d

UM-SJTU Joint Institute

Slide 13

Chengbin Ma

Commutative Property
The overall system response does not depend
upon the order of the systems in cascade.
h1 (t )* h2 (t )

h ( )h (t )d
1

h (t )h (v)d h ( )h (t )d
1

y(t ) x( )h(t )d

UM-SJTU Joint Institute

Slide 14

Chengbin Ma

Homework

Problem 2.33(d)(h)
Problem 2.34(a)(j)
Problem 2.38(b)
Problem 2.39(a)(b)(c)(i)
Problem 2.40(c)(m)
Problem 2.46(c)
- Due: before 2:00PM, Thursday of next week

UM-SJTU Joint Institute

Slide 15

Chengbin Ma