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Introduction
The
Introduction contd.
In a four-stroke, four cylinder engine
operating at 3000 rpm, individual cylinders
require a spark at every second revolution,
and this necessitates the frequency of firing
to be (3000/2) x 4 = 6000 sparks per minute
or 100 sparks per second. This shows that
there is an extremely short interval of time
between firing impulses.
Introduction contd.
The internal combustion engines are
engines
are
usually
cranked by a small electric motor, which
is better known as a starter motor, or
simply a starter. The starter motor for SI
and CI engines operates on the same
principle as a direct current electric
motor.
4
Contact ignition
The other method used was the contact
Ammeter
Secondary
winding
Distributor contacts
Primary
winding
1
2
Contact
breaker
3
capacitor
Distributor
Battery
4
Spark plugs
Contact-breaker
operating cam
Ignition switch
Primary coil
Breaker points
Capacitor
10
Rotor
Spark plug
leads
Spark plugs
11
Spark plugs
Coil
Cam
Primary winding
Secondary winding
Rotating magnet (two-pole)
Contact- breaker
Capacitor
Ignition
switch
13
Electric Circuit
Uses a changing
magnetic field to
generate current
in primary and
secondary
circuits
14
Magnetic Flux
As magnet
approaches,
induces magnetic
flux in armature
Breaker points close
and current
dissipates through
primary circuit
15
Spark Fires
After magnet rotates
past armature flux
reverses direction,
and the breaker
points open
Change in magnetic
flux produces 170
volts in primary circuit
Induces 10,000 volts
in secondary circuit,
firing spark plug
16
Breaker Points
Crankshaft rotation
causes mechanical
actuation of breaker
17
18
Electronic
control unit
Spark plugs
Switch
1
2
Sensor coil
3
4
Battery
Armature
Distributor
19
20
Electronic
control unit
Spark plugs
Switch
1
2
Sensor coil
3
4
Battery
Armature
Distributor
21
Spark Plugs
The spark plug ignites
the
air-fuel
mixture
inside the cylinder. This
occurs
when
high
voltage, triggered at
precisely
the
right
instant, bridges the gap
between the center
and
the
ground
electrodes.
It
also
provides a secondary
purpose of helping to
channel some heat
away from the cylinder.
Terminal
Insulator
Electrode
Shell
Reach
Gap
Ground
electrode
22
(b) Ho t plug
23
Firing Order
Firing order indicates the sequence or
order in which the firing impulses occur in a
multi-cylinder spark ignition engine. It is
chosen to give a uniform torque, and
hence a uniform distribution of firing per
revolution of the engine.
24
Firing Order
As for example, in a four-stroke, four-
Firing Order
Consider another example of four-
26
References
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4. Ganesan V, (2003), Internal Combustion Engines, Tata McGraw Hill.
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and IBH Pub Ltd.
6. Heisler H, (1999), Vehicle and Engine Technology, Arnold Publishers.
7. Heywood JB, (1989), Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, McGraw Hill.
8. Heywood JB, and Sher E, (1999), The Two-Stroke Cycle Engine, Taylor & Francis.
9. Joel R, (1996), Basic Engineering Thermodynamics, Addison-Wesley.
10. Mathur ML, and Sharma RP, (1994), A Course in Internal Combustion Engines,
Dhanpat Rai & Sons, New Delhi.
11. Pulkrabek WW, (1997), Engineering Fundamentals of the I. C. Engine, Prentice Hall.
12. Rogers GFC, and Mayhew YR,
YR (1992), Engineering Thermodynamics, Addison
1.
Wisley.
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