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Handout
Dr. Pang
DeMorgans
DeMorgan
s Theorems
DeMorgans Theorems are two additional
simplification techniques that can be used to
simplify Boolean expressions. Again, the simpler
the Boolean expression
expression, the simpler the resulting
logic.
A B A B
A B A B
2
DeMorgans
DeMorgan
s Theorem #1
A B A B
Proof
A B
A B
A B
A
B
A B
A B
A B
A B
A B
DeMorgans
DeMorgan
s Theorem #2
A B A B
Proof
A B
A B
A
A B
A
B
A B
A B A B
A B
A B
1
1
Summary
Boolean & DeMorgans Theorems
1)
X 0 0
10A)
X Y Y X
2)
X 1 X
10B)
XYY X
3)
XX X
11A)
XYZ XY Z
4)
XX0
11B)
X Y Z X Y Z
5)
X0 X
12A)
XY Z XY XZ
6)
X 1 1
12B)
X Y W Z XW XZ YW YZ
7)
XXX
13A)
X XY X Y
8)
X X 1
13B)
X XY X Y
9)
XX
13C)
X XY X Y
13D)
X XY X Y
14A)
XYXY
14B)
XYX Y
Commutative
Law
Associative
Law
Distributive
Law
Consensus
Theorem
DeMorgans
5
DeMorgan Shortcut
BREAK THE LINE, CHANGE THE SIGN
Break the LINE over the two variables,
and change the SIGN directly under the line.
A B A B
A B A B
DeMorgans:
DeMorgan
s: Example #1
Example
Simplify the following Boolean expression and note
the Boolean or DeMorgans theorem used at each
step. Put the answer in SOP form.
F1 ( X Y ) ( Y Z )
DeMorgans:
DeMorgan
s: Example #1
Example
Simplify the following Boolean expression and note the
Boolean or DeMorgans theorem used at each step. Put
the answer in SOP form.
F1 ( X Y ) ( Y Z )
Solution
F1 ( X Y ) ( Y Z )
F1 ( X Y ) ( Y Z ) ; Theorem #14A
F1 ( X Y ) ( Y Z )
F1 ( X Y ) ( Y Z )
; Theorem #9
F1 X Y Y Z
DeMorgans:
DeMorgan
s: Example #2
So, where would such an odd Boolean expression come from?
Take a look at the VERY p
poorly
y designed
g
logic
g circuit shown
below. If you were to analyze this circuit to determine the output
function F2, you would obtain the results shown.
X
Y
XY
XY
( X Z )( XY )
F2 ( X Z )( XY )
X
Z
XZ
Example
Simplify the output function F2. Be sure to note the Boolean or
DeMorgans theorem used at each step. Put the answer in
SOP form.
9
DeMorgans:
DeMorgan
s: Example #2
Solution
F 2 ( X Z )( XY )
F 2 ( X Z ) ( XY ) ; Theorem
Th
#14A
F 2 ( X Z ) ( XY ) ; Theorem #9
F 2 ( X Z ) ( XY )
; Theorem #14B
F 2 ( X Z ) ( XY )
; Theorem #9
F2 X Z X Y
10