Dune (Novel) - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

27/07/2015
Dune(novel)Wikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
Dune(novel)
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
Duneisa1965epicsciencefictionnovelbyFrank
Herbert.ItwontheHugoAwardin1966,[1]andthe
inauguralNebulaAwardforBestNovel.[2]Itisthe
firstinstallmentoftheDunesaga,andin2003was
citedastheworld'sbestsellingsciencefiction
novel.[3][4]
Setinthedistantfutureamidstafeudalinterstellar
societyinwhichnoblehouses,incontrolofindividual
planets,oweallegiancetothePadishahEmperor,
DunetellsthestoryofyoungPaulAtreides,whose
noblefamilyacceptsthestewardshipofthedesert
planetArrakis.Asthisplanetistheonlysourceofthe
"spice"melange,themostimportantandvaluable
substanceintheuniverse,controlofArrakisisa
covetedanddangerousundertaking.Thestory
exploresthemultilayeredinteractionsofpolitics,
religion,ecology,technology,andhumanemotion,as
theforcesoftheempireconfronteachotherina
struggleforthecontrolofArrakisandits"spice".[5]
Herbertwrotefivesequels:DuneMessiah,Children
ofDune,GodEmperorofDune,HereticsofDune,
andChapterhouse:Dune.Thefirstnovelalsoinspired
a1984filmadaptationbyDavidLynch,the2000Sci
FiChannelminiseriesFrankHerbert'sDuneandits
2003sequelFrankHerbert'sChildrenofDune(which
combinestheeventsofDuneMessiahandChildrenof
Dune),computergames,atleasttwoboardgames,
songs,andaseriesoffollowups,includingprequels
andsequels,thatwerecowrittenbyKevinJ.
Andersonandtheauthor'sson,BrianHerbert,starting
in1999.[6]
Since2009,thenamesofplanetsfromtheDune
novelshavebeenadoptedfortherealworld
nomenclatureofplainsandotherfeaturesonSaturn's
moonTitan.[7][8][9]
Dune
Firsteditioncover
Author
FrankHerbert
Coverartist JohnSchoenherr
Country
UnitedStates
Language
English
Series
Duneseries
Genre
Softsciencefiction,planetary
romance,politicalthriller,
psychologicalthriller,fantasy,
conspiracyfiction,adventure
Published
October1,1965
Publisher
ChiltonBooks
Mediatype Print(hardcover&paperback)
Pages
412
Followedby DuneMessiah
Contents
1Origins
2Synopsis
2.1Setting
2.2Plot
3Characters
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dune_(novel)
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3Characters
3.1HouseAtreides
3.2HouseHarkonnen
3.3HouseCorrino
3.4BeneGesserit
3.5Fremen
3.6Smugglers
4Analysis
4.1Environmentalismandecology
4.2Decliningempires
4.3MiddleEasternreferences
4.4Genderdynamics
4.5Heroism
4.6Zen
5Reception
5.1Genderissues
6Firsteditionprintsandmanuscripts
7Adaptations
7.1Earlystalledattempts
7.21984filmbyDavidLynch
7.32000miniseriesbyJohnHarrison
7.42008filmattempt
7.5Audiobook
8Culturalinfluence
9Seealso
10References
11Furtherreading
12Externallinks
Origins
AfterhisnovelTheDragonintheSeawaspublishedin1957,
HerberttraveledtoFlorence,Oregon,atthenorthendofthe
OregonDunes.Here,theUnitedStatesDepartmentof
Agriculturewasattemptingtousepovertygrassestostabilize
thesanddunes.Herbertclaimedinalettertohisliteraryagent,
LurtonBlassingame,thatthemovingdunescould"swallow
wholecities,lakes,rivers,highways."[10]Herbert'sarticleon
thedunes,"TheyStoppedtheMovingSands",wasnever
completedandonlypublisheddecadeslaterinTheRoadto
DunebutitsresearchsparkedHerbert'sinterestinecology.
TheOregonDunes,nearFlorence,
Herbertspentthenextfiveyearsresearching,writing,and
Oregon,servedasaninspirationforthe
revisingaliteraryworkthatwaseventuallyserializedin
Dunesaga.
Analogmagazinefrom1963to1965astwoshorterworks,
DuneWorldandTheProphetofDune.[11][12]Herbert
dedicatedhiswork"tothepeoplewhoselaborsgobeyondideasintotherealmof'realmaterials'tothe
drylandecologists,wherevertheymaybe,inwhatevertimetheywork,thiseffortatpredictionis
dedicatedinhumilityandadmiration."Theserializedversionwasexpanded,reworked,andsubmittedto
morethantwentypublishers,eachofwhomrejectedit.Thenovel,Dune,wasfinallyacceptedand
publishedbyChiltonBooks,aprintinghousebetterknownforpublishingautorepairmanuals.
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Synopsis
Setting
Morethan21,000yearsinthefuture,[13][14][15]humanityhassettledoncountlesshabitableplanets,
whichareruledbyaristocraticGreatHousesthatoweallegiancetothePadishahEmperorShaddamIV.
Thoughmanyformsofscienceandtechnologyhaveevolvedgreatlysincethetwentiethcentury,
artificialintelligenceandadvancedcomputersareprohibited.Duetotheabsenceofthesetechnologies,
humanshaveadaptedtheirmindstobecomecapableofextremelycomplextasks,includingmental
computing,ataskundertakenbytrainedMentats.Thepowerful,matriarchalBeneGesserit,whohopeto
furtherthehumanracethroughcontrolledbreeding,andtheSpacingGuild,whichholdsalegal
monopolyoninterstellartravel,bothrelyonthe"spice"melangetofacilitatetheiradvancedmental
abilities.Theuseofmelangealsoimprovesgeneralhealth,extendslifeandcanbestowlimited
prescience.
AsmelangecanbefoundonlyonthedesertplanetArrakis,itisextremelyvaluableandisoftenusedas
currency.TheCHOAMcorporation,whichdeterminestheincomeandfinancialleverageofeachGreat
House,controlsallocationofmelange.TheSpacingGuild'sNavigatorsdependontheprescience
melangeprovidestosafelyplotthetravelsoftheirships,calledheighliners,enormousfreighterscapable
oftransportingpeople,goods,andnoninterstellarspacecraftatfasterthanlightspeeds.TheBene
Gesseritsisterhooddependsonmentalandphysicalabilitiesprovidedbymelange,powersthatarefound
tobeevenmoreadvancedinBeneGesseritReverendMothers,whohaveundergoneadeadlyritual
whichunlockstheirOtherMemory,theegoandexperiencesofone'sfemaleancestors.DuetoReverend
Mothers'inabilitytoaccessthememoriesoftheirmaleancestors,theBeneGesserithaveasecret,
millenniaoldbreedingprogram,withagoalofproducingamaleBeneGesserit,calledtheKwisatz
Haderach.TheKwisatzHaderachwouldbecapableofaccessingallmaleancestralmemoriesandcould
possess"organicmentalpowers"thatcan"bridgespaceandtime".[16]WiththisKwisatzHaderachunder
theircontrol,theBeneGesserithopetobetterguidehumanitytowardtheirgoals,andatthetimeofthe
noveltheybelievethatthisplanisnearingfruition.
TheplanetArrakisitselfiscompletelycoveredinahostiledesertecosystem.It,however,isalso
sparselypopulatedbyahumanpopulationofseeminglynativeFremen,ferociousfighterswhohave
adaptedtotheharshclimateandsecretlycanridetheplanet'sgiantsandworms.TheFremenalsohave
complexritualsandsystemsfocusingonthevalueandconservationofwaterontheiraridplanetthey
conservethewaterdistilledfromtheirdead,considerspittinganhonorablegreeting,andviewtearsshed
forthedeadasamostprofoundtributeorsignofreverence(seeingasthewaterisdesperatelyneededby
theliving).ThenovelsuggeststhattheFremenhaveevenadaptedtotheenvironmentphysiologically,
withtheirbloodabletoclotalmostinstantlytopreventwaterloss.[17]TheFremenculturealsovalues
melange,whichisfoundinthedesertandharvestedwithgreatriskfromattackingsandworms,whoare
attractedtoanyrhythmicactivityonthedunes.Astheyhavedoneonotherplanetswithpopulations
consideredtobesuperstitious,BeneGesseritmissionarieshaveimplantedreligionsandprophecieson
ArrakisthatcanbeusedtotheadvantageofanyBeneGesseritwhomayfindherselfontheplanet.This
manipulationhasgiventheFremenabeliefinamalemessiah,theLisanalGaib,or"voiceoftheouter
world".TheLisanalGaibisprophesiedtoonedaycomefromoffworldtotransformArrakisintoa
morehospitableworld.[18]
Plot
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PadishahEmperorShaddamIVofHouseCorrinograntsDukeLetoAtreidescontrolofthelucrative
spiceminingoperationsonArrakis.ThoughLetoandhisadvisorssuspecttheboontobesomesortof
trap,itisanopportunityforHouseAtreidestogainpowerandwealth,andpoliticallyLetocannotrefuse.
TheEmperorhasindeedbecomethreatenedbyLeto'sgrowingpopularitywithintheconvocationof
rulingHousesknownastheLandsraad,anddecidesthatHouseAtreidesmustbedestroyed.Unableto
riskanovertattackonasingleHousewithoutsufferingabacklashfromtheLandsraad,theEmperor
insteadplotstousethecenturiesoldfeudbetweenHouseAtreidesandHouseHarkonnentodisguisehis
assault,enlistingthebrilliantandpowerhungryBaronVladimirHarkonneninhisplantotrapand
eliminatetheAtreides.ComplicatingthepoliticalintrigueisthefactthatLeto'ssonPaulAtreidesisan
essentialpartoftheBeneGesserit'ssecret,centuriesoldbreedingprogram.Thoughorderedtouseher
physiologicaltrainingtoconceiveadaughter,Leto'sconcubine,theBeneGesseritLadyJessica,had
insteadchosentogivetheDukeamaleheiroutofloveforhim.TheBeneGesseritleaderReverend
MotherMohiam,notusedtobeingdefied,iswaryofthepotentialrepercussionsofJessica'schoiceon
bothyoungPaul'sgeneticsandthebreedingprogramitself.
OnArrakis,theAtreidesareabletothwartinitialHarkonnentrapsandcomplicationswhile
simultaneously,throughLeto'sSwordmasterDuncanIdaho,buildingtrustwiththemysteriousdesert
Fremen,withwhomtheyhopetoally.However,theAtreidesareultimatelyunabletowithstanda
devastatingHarkonnenattack,supportedbytheEmperor'sfearsome,virtuallyinvincibleSardaukar
troopsdisguisedasHarkonnentroopsandmadepossiblebyatraitorwithinHouseAtreidesitself,the
SukdoctorWellingtonYueh.HouseAtreidesisscattered,andofitsprincipalretainers,MentatThufir
HawatistakenbytheBaronHarkonnenandeventuallyprovideshisreluctantserviceswhilst
formulatingaplantounderminetheBaronthetroubadoursoldierGurneyHalleckescapeswiththeaid
ofsmugglers,whomhejoinsandDuncanIdahoiskilleddefendingPaulandJessica.Perhisbargain,
YuehdeliversacaptiveLetototheBaron,butdoublecrossestheHarkonnensbyensuringthatPauland
Jessicaescape.HealsoprovidesLetowithapoisongascapsuleintheformofafalsetooth,whichYueh
instructsadruggedLetotousetosimultaneouslycommitsuicideandassassinateHarkonnen.TheBaron
killsYueh,andLetodiesinhisfailedattemptontheBaron'slife,thoughtheBaron'stwistedMentat
PiterDeVriesdieswithhim.PaulandJessicafleeintothedeepdesert,escapingtheHarkonnensby
followinginstructionslaidoutinadvancebythetraitorYueh.
Jessica'sBeneGesseritabilitiesandPaul'sdevelopingskillshelpthemjoinabandofFremen.Pauland
hismotherquicklylearnFremenwayswhileteachingtheFremenwhattheycallthe"weirdingway",or
theBeneGesseritmethodoffighting.JessicabecomesaReverendMother,ingestingthepoisonous
WaterofLifewhilepregnantwithhersecondchildthisunborndaughterAliaissubjectedtothesame
ordeal,acquiringthefullabilitiesofaReverendMotherbeforeevenbeingborn.PaultakesaFremen
lover,Chani,withwhomhefathersason.Yearspass,andPaulincreasinglyrecognizesthestrengthof
theFremenfightingforceandtheirpotentialtoovertakeeventhe"unstoppable"Sardaukarandwinback
Arrakis.ThespicedietoftheFremenandhisowndevelopingmentalpowerscausePaul'sprescienceto
increasedramatically,allowinghisforesightoffuture"paths"ofpossibleevents.Regardedbythe
Fremenastheirprophesiedmessiah,PaulgrowsininfluenceandbeginsajihadagainstHarkonnenrule
oftheplanetunderhisnewFremenname,Muad'Dib.However,Paulbecomesawarethroughhis
presciencethat,ifheisnotcareful,theFremenwillextendthatjihadagainstalltheknownuniverse,
whichPauldescribesasahumanityspanningsubconsciousefforttoavoidgeneticstagnation.
BoththeEmperorandtheBaronHarkonnenshowincreasingconcernatthefervorofreligious
fanaticismshownonArrakisforthis"Muad'Dib",notguessingthatthisleaderisthepresumeddead
Paul.HarkonnenplotstosendhisnephewandheirpresumptiveFeydRauthaasareplacementforhis
morebrutishnephewGlossuRabbanwhoisinchargeoftheplanetwiththehopeofgainingthe
respectofthepopulation.However,theEmperorishighlysuspiciousoftheBaronandsendsspiesto
watchhismovements.HawatexplainstheEmperor'ssuspicions:theSardaukar,allbutinvinciblein
battle,aretrainedontheprisonplanetSalusaSecundus,whoseinhospitableconditionsallowonlythe
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besttosurvive.Arrakisservesasasimilarcrucible,andtheEmperorfearsthattheBaroncouldrecruit
fromitafightingforcetorivalhisSardaukar,justasHouseAtreideshadintendedbeforetheir
destruction.
PaulisreunitedwithGurney.CompletelyloyaltotheAtreides,GurneyisconvincedthatJessicaisthe
traitorwhocausedtheHouse'sdownfall,andnearlykillsherbeforebeingstoppedbyPaul.Disturbed
thathispresciencehadnotpredictedthispossibility,PauldecidestotaketheWaterofLife,anactwhich
willeitherconfirmhisstatusastheKwisatzHaderachorkillhim.Afterthreeweeksinaneardeath
state,Paulemergeswithhispowersrefinedandfocusedheisabletoseepast,present,andfutureat
will,downbothmaleandfemalelines.Lookingintospace,heseesthattheEmperorandtheHarkonnens
haveamassedahugearmadatoinvadetheplanetandregaincontrol.Paulalsorealizesthathisabilityto
destroyallspiceproductiononArrakisusingtheWaterofLifeishismeansofseizingcontrolofit.
InanImperialattackonaFremensettlement,PaulandChani'sinfantsonLetoIIiskilledandthefour
yearoldAliaiscapturedbySardaukar.Sheisbroughttotheplanet'scapitalArrakeen,wheretheBaron
HarkonnenisattemptingtothwarttheFremenjihadundertheclosewatchoftheEmperor.TheEmperor
issurprisedatAlia'sdefianceofhispowerandherconfidenceinherbrother,whomsherevealstobe
PaulAtreides.Atthatmoment,undercoverofagiganticsandstorm,PaulandhisarmyofFremenattack
thecityridingsandwormsAliaassassinatestheBaronandescapesduringtheconfusion.Pauldefeats
theSardaukarandconfrontstheEmperor,threateningtodestroythespice,therebyendingspacetravel
andcripplingbothImperialpowerandtheBeneGesseritinoneblow.ThenewBaronHarkonnen,Feyd
Rautha,challengesPaultoaknifeduelinafinalattempttostophisoverthrow,butisdefeateddespitean
attemptattreachery.RealizingthatPauliscapableofdoingallhehasthreatened,theEmperorisforced
toabdicateandtopromisehisdaughterPrincessIrulaninmarriagetoPaul.Paulascendsthethrone,his
controlofArrakisandthespiceestablishinganewkindofpowerovertheEmpirethatwillchangethe
faceoftheknownuniverse.Butinspiteofhispower,Pauldiscoversthathewillnotbeabletostopthe
jihadinhisvisions.HislegendarystateamongtheFremenhasgrownbeyondhispowertocontrolit.[18]
Characters
HouseAtreides
PaulAtreides,theDuke'sson,andmaincharacterofthenovel.
DukeLetoAtreides,headofHouseAtreides
LadyJessica,BeneGesseritandconcubineoftheDuke,motherofPaulandAlia
AliaAtreides,Paul'syoungersister
ThufirHawat,MentatandMasterofAssassinstoHouseAtreides
GurneyHalleck,staunchlyloyaltroubadourwarrioroftheAtreides
DuncanIdaho,SwordmasterforHouseAtreides,graduateoftheGinazSchool
WellingtonYueh,SukdoctorfortheAtreides
HouseHarkonnen
BaronVladimirHarkonnen,headofHouseHarkonnen
PiterDeVries,twistedMentat
FeydRautha,nephewandheirpresumptiveoftheBaron
Glossu"Beast"Rabban,alsocalledRabbanHarkonnen,oldernephewoftheBaron
IakinNefud,CaptainoftheGuard
HouseCorrino
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ShaddamCorrinoIV,PadishahEmperoroftheKnownUniverse(theImperium)
PrincessIrulan,Shaddam'seldestdaughterandheir,alsoahistorian
CountHasimirFenring,geneticeunuchandtheEmperor'sclosestfriend,advisor,and"errand
boy"
BeneGesserit
ReverendMotherGaiusHelenMohiam,BeneGesseritschemer,theEmperor'sTruthsayer
LadyMargotFenring,BeneGesseritwifeofCountFenring
Fremen
TheFremen,"native"inhabitantsofArrakis
Stilgar,FremenNaib(chieftain)ofSietchTabr
Chani,Paul'sFremenconcubine
LietKynes,theImperialPlanetologistonArrakisandfatherofChani,aswellasareveredfigure
amongtheFremen
Smugglers
EsmarTuek,powerfulsmugglerwhobefriendsandtakesinGurneyHalleckandhissurviving
menaftertheattackontheAtreides
Analysis
EachchapterofDunebeginswithanepigraphexcerptedfromthefictionalwritingsofthecharacter
PrincessIrulan.Informssuchasdiaryentries,historicalcommentary,biography,quotationsand
philosophy,thesewritingssettoneandprovideexposition,contextandotherdetailsintendedtoenhance
understandingofHerbert'scomplexfictionaluniverseandthemes.[18][19][20][21]
Environmentalismandecology
Dunehasbeencalledthe"firstplanetaryecologynovelonagrandscale."[22]Afterthepublicationof
SilentSpringbyRachelCarsonin1962,sciencefictionwritersbegantreatingthesubjectofecological
changeanditsconsequences.Dunerespondedin1965withitscomplexdescriptionsofArrakislife,
fromgiantsandworms(forwhomwaterisdeadly)tosmaller,mouselikelifeformsadaptedtolivewith
limitedwater.Theinhabitantsoftheplanet,theFremen,mustcompromisewiththeecosysteminwhich
theylive,sacrificingsomeoftheirdesireforawaterladenplanettopreservethesandwormswhichare
soimportanttotheirculture.Dunewasfollowedinitscreationofcomplexanduniqueecologiesby
othersciencefictionbookssuchasADoorintoOcean(1986)andRedMars(1992).[22]
EnvironmentalistshavepointedoutthatDune'spopularityasanoveldepictingaplanetasacomplex
almostlivingthing,incombinationwiththefirstimagesofearthfromspacebeingpublishedinthe
sametimeperiod,stronglyinfluencedenvironmentalmovementssuchastheestablishmentofthe
internationalEarthDay.[23]
Decliningempires
LorenzoDiTommasocomparedDune'sportrayalofthedownfallofagalacticempiretoEdward
Gibbon'sDeclineandFalloftheRomanEmpirewhicharguesthatChristianityledtothefallofAncient
Rome.In"HistoryandHistoricalEffectinFrankHerbert'sDune"(1992),LorenzoDiTommasooutlines
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similaritiesbetweenthetwoworksbyhighlightingtheexcessesoftheEmperoronhishomeplanetof
KaitainandoftheBaronHarkonneninhispalace.TheEmperorloseshiseffectivenessasarulerfrom
excessofceremonyandpomp.ThehairdressersandattendantshebringswithhimtoArrakisareeven
referredtoas"parasites."TheBaronHarkonnenissimilarlycorrupt,materiallyandsexuallydecadent.
Gibbon'sDeclineandFallblamesthefallofRomeontheriseofChristianity.Gibbonclaimedthatthis
exoticimportfromaconqueredprovinceweakenedthesoldiersofRomeandleftitopentoattack.
Similarly,theEmperor'sSardaukarfightersarelittlematchfortheFremenofDunebecauseofthe
Sardaukar'soverconfidenceandtheFremen'scapacityforselfsacrifice.TheFremenputthecommunity
beforethemselvesineveryinstance,whiletheworldoutsidewallowsinluxuryattheexpenseof
others.[24]
MiddleEasternreferences
Manywords,titlesandnames(e.g.thePadishahEmperorShaddamIV,Hawat,Bashar,HarqalAda)in
theDuneuniverseaswellasalargenumberofwordsinthelanguageoftheFremenpeoplearederived
ortakendirectlyfromPersianandArabic(e.g.erg,theArabicwordforabroadflatlandform,isused
frequentlythroughoutthenovel).Paul'sname(Muad'Dib)meansinArabic'theteacherormakerof
politenessorliterature'.TheFremenlanguageisalsoembeddedwithIslamictermssuchas,jihad,
Mahdi,Shaitan,andthepersonalbodyguardofPaulMuad'DibFedaykinisatransliterationofthe
PersianFeda'yin.[25]Asaforeignerwhoadoptsthewaysofadesertdwellingpeopleandthenleadsthem
inamilitarycapacity,PaulAtreides'characterbearsmanysimilaritiestothehistoricalT.E.
Lawrence.[26]
Genderdynamics
Paul'sapproachtopowerconsistentlyrequireshisupbringingunderthefemaleorientedBeneGesserit,
whooperateasalongdominatingshadowgovernmentbehindallofthegreathousesandtheirmarriages
ordivisions.Acentralthemeofthebookistheconnection,inJessica'sson,ofthisfemaleaspectwith
hismaleaspect.InaBeneGesserittestearlyinthebook,itisimpliedthatpeoplearegenerally
"inhuman"inthattheyirrationallyplacedesireoverselfinterestandreason.ThisappliesHerbert's
philosophythathumansarenotcreatedequal,whileequaljusticeandequalopportunityarehigherideals
thanmental,physical,ormoralequality.[27]MargeryHourihanevencallsthemaincharacter'smother,
Jessica,"byfarthemostinterestingcharacterinthenovel"[28]andpointingoutthatwhileherson
approachesapowerwhichmakeshimalmostalientothereader,sheremainshuman.Throughoutthe
novel,shestrugglestomaintainpowerinamaledominatedsociety,andmanagestohelphersonatkey
momentsinhisrealizationofpower.[28]
Heroism
Iamshowingyouthesuperherosyndromeandyourownparticipationinit.
FrankHerbert[29]
ThroughoutPaul'srisetosuperhumanstatus,hefollowsaplotlinecommontomanystoriesdescribing
thebirthofahero.Hehasunfortunatecircumstancesforcedontohim.Afteralongperiodofhardship
andexile,heconfrontsanddefeatsthesourceofevilinhistale.[30][31]Assuch,Duneisrepresentativeof
ageneraltrendbeginningin1960sAmericansciencefictioninthatitfeaturesacharacterwhoattains
godlikestatusthroughscientificmeans.[32]Eventually,PaulAtreidesgainsalevelofomnisciencewhich
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allowshimtotakeovertheplanetandthegalaxy,andcausingtheFremenofArrakistoworshiphimlike
agod.AuthorFrankHerbertsaidin1979,"ThebottomlineoftheDunetrilogyis:bewareofheroes.
Muchbetter[to]relyonyourownjudgment,andyourownmistakes."[33]Hewrotein1985,"Dunewas
aimedatthiswholeideaoftheinfallibleleaderbecausemyviewofhistorysaysthatmistakesmadebya
leader(ormadeinaleader'sname)areamplifiedbythenumberswhofollowwithoutquestion."[34]
JuanA.PrietoPablossaysHerbertachievesanewtypologywithPaul'ssuperpowers,differentiatingthe
heroesofDunefromearlierheroessuchasSuperman,vanVogt'sGilbertGosseynandHenryKuttner's
telepaths.Unlikeprevioussuperheroeswhoacquiretheirpowerssuddenlyandaccidentally,Paul'sare
theresultof"painfulandslowpersonalprogress."Andunlikeothersuperheroesofthe1960swhoare
theexceptionamongordinarypeopleintheirrespectiveworldsHerbert'scharactersgrowtheirpowers
through"theapplicationofmysticalphilosophiesandtechniques."ForHerbert,theordinarypersoncan
developincrediblefightingskills(Fremen,GinazswordsmenandSardaukar)ormentalabilities(Bene
Gesserit,Mentats,SpacingGuildNavigators).[35]
Zen
Earlyinhisnewspapercareer,HerbertwasintroducedtoZenbytwoJungianpsychologists.[36]
ThroughouttheDuneseriesandparticularlyinDune,Herbertemploysconceptsandformsborrowed
fromZenBuddhism.[37]TheFremenareZensunniadherents,andmanyofHerbert'sepigraphsareZen
spirited.[38]In"DuneGenesis"hewrote:
Whatespeciallypleasesmeistoseetheinterwoventhemes,thefuguelikerelationshipsof
imagesthatexactlyreplaythewayDunetookshape.AsinanEscherlithograph,Iinvolved
myselfwithrecurrentthemesthatturnintoparadox.Thecentralparadoxconcernsthe
humanvisionoftime.WhataboutPaul'sgiftofpresciencethePresbyterianfixation?For
theDelphicOracletoperform,itmusttangleitselfinawebofpredestination.Yet
predestinationnegatessurprisesand,infact,setsupamathematicallyencloseduniverse
whoselimitsarealwaysinconsistent,alwaysencounteringtheunprovable.It'slikeakoan,a
Zenmindbreaker.It'sliketheCretanEpimenidessaying,"AllCretansareliars."[27]
Reception
DunewontheHugoAwardin1966,[1]andtheinauguralNebulaAwardforBestNovel.[2]Reviewsof
thenovelhavebeenlargelypositive,andDuneisconsideredbysomecriticstobethebestscience
fictionbookeverwritten.[39]Itistheworld'sbestsellingsciencefictionnovel.[3][4]
SciencefictionauthorArthurC.Clarkehasdescribeditas"unique"andclaimed"Iknownothing
comparabletoitexceptLordoftheRings."[40]RobertA.HeinleindescribedDuneas"Powerful,
convincing,andmostingenious."[40]Itwascalled"Oneofthemonumentsofmodernsciencefiction"by
theChicagoTribune,whiletheWashingtonPostdescribeditas"Aportrayalofanaliensocietymore
completeanddeeplydetailedthananyotherauthorinthefieldhasmanaged...astoryabsorbingequally
foritsactionandphilosophicalvistas...Anastonishingsciencefictionphenomenon."[40]
AlgisBudryspraisedDuneforthevividnessofitsimaginedsetting,saying"Thetimelives.Itbreathes,
itspeaks,andHerberthassmeltitinhisnostrils."ButBudrysalsofoundthat"Duneturnsflatandtails
offattheend....[T]rulyeffectivevillainssimplysimperandmeltfiercemenandcunningstatesmen
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andseeressesallbendbeforethisnewMessiah."HefaultsinparticularHerbert'sdecisiontokillPaul's
infantsonoffstage,withnoapparentemotionalimpact,saying"youcannotbesobusysavingaworld
thatyoucannothearaninfantshriek."[41]
TamaraI.Hladikwrotethatthestory"craftsauniversewherelessernovelspromulgateexcusesfor
sequels.Allitsrichelementsareinbalanceandplausiblenotthepatchworkconfederacyofmadeup
languages,contrivedcustoms,andmeaninglesshistoriesthatarethehallmarkofsomanyother,lesser
novels."[42]
Genderissues
SciencefictionauthorandliterarycriticSamuelR.Delanyhascomplainedthatthebook'sonlyportrayal
ofahomosexualcharacter,thevilepervertBaronHarkonnen,isnegative.[43]KathyGowercriticizes
DuneintheessayanthologyMotherWasNotaPerson,arguingthat,althoughthebookhasbeenpraised
foritsportrayalofpeopleinamysticalworld,theprominenceofitsfemalecharactersissignificantly
lowerthanthatofthemales.Inherview,womeninDuneculturearelargelylefttodomesticduties,and
theexclusivelyfemaleBeneGesseritreligiouscultresemblesageoldnotionsofwitchcraft.Womenin
thisreligionarefearedandhatedbythemen.Theyalsoneverusetheirpowertoaidthemselves,only
themenaroundthem,andtheirgreatestdesireistobringamanintotheirreligion.[44]
Firsteditionprintsandmanuscripts
ThefirsteditionofDuneisoneofthemostvaluableinsciencefictionbookcollecting,andcopieshave
goneformorethan$10,000atauction.[45]TheChiltonfirsteditionofthenovelis9.25inchestall,with
bluishgreenboardsandapriceof$5.95onthedustjacket,andnotesTorontoastheCanadianpublisher
onthecopyrightpage.[46]Othereditionssimilartothisone,suchasbookclubeditions,exist.
CaliforniaStateUniversity,Fullerton'sPollackLibraryhasseveralofHerbert'sdraftmanuscriptsof
Duneandotherworks,withtheauthor'snotes,intheirFrankHerbertArchives.[47]
Adaptations
Earlystalledattempts
In1971,theproductioncompanyApjacInternational(APJ)(headedbyArthurP.Jacobs)optionedthe
rightstofilmDune.AsJacobswasbusywithotherprojects,suchasthesequeltoPlanetoftheApes,
Dunewasdelayedforanotheryear.Jacobs'firstchoicefordirectorwasDavidLean,butheturneddown
theoffer.CharlesJarrottwasalsoconsideredtodirect.Workwasalsounderwayonascriptwhilethe
huntforadirectorcontinued.Initially,thefirsttreatmenthadbeenhandledbyRobertGreenhut,the
producerwhohadlobbiedJacobstomakethemovieinthefirstplace,butsubsequentlyRospo
Pallenbergwasapproachedtowritethescript,withshootingscheduledtobeginin1974.However,
Jacobsdiedin1973.[48]
InDecember1974,aFrenchconsortiumledbyJeanPaulGibonpurchasedthefilmrightsfromAPJ,
withAlejandroJodorowskysettodirect.[49]In1975,Jodorowskyplannedtofilmthestoryasatenhour
feature,incollaborationwithSalvadorDal,OrsonWelles,GloriaSwanson,DavidCarradine,Geraldine
Chaplin,AlainDelon,HervVillechaize,andMickJagger.Itwasatfirstproposedtoscorethefilmwith
originalmusicbyKarlheinzStockhausen,HenryCowandMagmalateron,thesoundtrackwastobe
9/17
27/07/2015
providedbyPinkFloyd.[50]JodorowskysetupapreproductionunitinParisconsistingofChrisFoss,a
Britishartistwhodesignedcoversforsciencefictionperiodicals,JeanGiraud(Moebius),aFrench
illustratorwhocreatedandalsowroteanddrewforMetalHurlantmagazine,andH.R.Giger.[49]
Moebiusbegandesigningcreaturesandcharactersforthefilm,whileFosswasbroughtintodesignthe
film'sspaceshipsandhardware.[49]GigerbegandesigningtheHarkonnenCastlebasedonMoebius'
storyboards.Jodorowsky'ssonBrontisJodorowsky
wastoplayPaulAtreides.[49]DanO'Bannonwas
toheadthespecialeffectsdepartment.[49]
DalwascastastheEmperor.[49]Dallater
demandedtobepaid$100,000perhour
Jodorowskyagreed,buttailoredDal'sparttobe
filmedinonehour,draftingplansforotherscenes
oftheemperortouseamechanicalmannequinas
substituteforDal.[49]AccordingtoGiger,Dal
PrereleaseflyerforJodorowsky'sDune
was"laterinvitedtoleavethefilmbecauseofhis
proFrancostatements".[51]Justasthestoryboards,
designs,andscriptwerefinished,thefinancialbackingdriedup.FrankHerberttraveledtoEuropein
1976tofindthat$2millionofthe$9.5millionbudgethadalreadybeenspentinpreproduction,andthat
Jodorowsky'sscriptwouldresultina14hourmovie("Itwasthesizeofaphonebook",Herbertlater
recalled).Jodorowskytookcreativelibertieswiththesourcematerial,butHerbertsaidthatheand
Jodorowskyhadanamicablerelationship.Jodorowskysaidin1985thathefoundtheDunestory
mythicalandhadintendedtorecreateitratherthanadaptthenovelthoughhehadan"enthusiastic
admiration"forHerbert,Jodorowskysaidhehaddoneeverythingpossibletodistancetheauthorandhis
inputfromtheproject.[49]AlthoughJodorowskywasembitteredbytheexperience,hestatedthatthe
Duneprojectchangedhislife.O'Bannonenteredapsychiatrichospitalaftertheproductionfailed,and
workedonthirteenscriptsthelastofwhichbecameAlien.[49]A2013documentary,Jodorowsky'sDune,
wasmadeaboutJodorowsky'sfailedattemptatanadaptation.
In1976DinoDeLaurentiisacquiredtherightsfromGibon'sconsortium.DeLaurentiiscommissioned
Herberttowriteanewscreenplayin1978thescriptHerbertturnedinwas175pageslong,the
equivalentofnearlythreehoursofscreentime.DeLaurentiisthenhireddirectorRidleyScottin1979,
withRudyWurlitzerwritingthescreenplayandH.R.GigerretainedfromtheJodorowskyproduction.
Scottintendedtosplitthebookintotwomovies.Heworkedonthreedraftsofthescript,usingThe
BattleofAlgiersasapointofreference,beforemovingontodirectanothersciencefictionfilm,Blade
Runner(1982).Asherecalls,thepreproductionprocesswasslow,andfinishingtheprojectwouldhave
beenevenmoretimeintensive:
ButaftersevenmonthsIdroppedoutofDune,bythenRudyWurlitzerhadcomeupwitha
firstdraftscriptwhichIfeltwasadecentdistillationofFrankHerbert's.ButIalsorealised
Dunewasgoingtotakealotmoreworkatleasttwoandahalfyears'worth.AndIdidn't
havethehearttoattackthatbecausemyolderbrotherFrankunexpectedlydiedofcancer
whileIwaspreppingtheDeLaurentiispicture.Frankly,thatfreakedmeout.SoIwentto
DinoandtoldhimtheDunescriptwashis.
FromRidleyScott:TheMakingofhisMoviesbyPaulM.Sammon
1984filmbyDavidLynch
10/17
27/07/2015
In1981,thenineyearfilmrightsweresettoexpire.DeLaurentiisrenegotiatedtherightsfromthe
author,addingtothemtherightstotheDunesequels(writtenandunwritten).AfterseeingTheElephant
Man,producerRaffaellaDeLaurentiisdecidedthatDavidLynchshoulddirectthemovie.Aroundthat
timeLynchreceivedseveralotherdirectingoffers,includingReturnoftheJedi.Heagreedtodirect
Duneandwritethescreenplayeventhoughhehadnotreadthebook,knownthestory,orevenbeen
interestedinsciencefiction.[52]LynchworkedonthescriptforsixmonthswithEricBergenand
ChristopherDeVore.Theteamyieldedtwodraftsofthescriptbeforeitsplitovercreativedifferences.
Lynchwouldsubsequentlyworkonfivemoredrafts.
ThisfirstfilmofDune,directedbyLynch,wasreleasedin1984,nearly20yearsafterthebook's
publication.ThoughHerbertsaidthebook'sdepthandsymbolismseemedtointimidatemany
filmmakers,hewaspleasedwiththefilm,sayingthat"They'vegotit.ItbeginsasDunedoes.AndIhear
mydialogueallthewaythrough.Therearesomeinterpretationsandliberties,butyou'regonnacomeout
knowingyou'veseenDune."[53]Reviewsofthefilmwerenotasfavorable,sayingthatitwas
incomprehensibletothoseunfamiliarwiththebook,andthatfanswouldbedisappointedbythewayit
strayedfromthebook'splot.[54]
2000miniseriesbyJohnHarrison
In2000,JohnHarrisonadaptedthenovelintoFrankHerbert'sDune,aminiserieswhichpremieredon
theSciFiChannel.Asof2004,theminiserieswasoneofthethreehighestratedprogramsbroadcaston
theSciFiChannel.[55]
2008filmattempt
In2008,ParamountPicturesannouncedthattheywouldproduceanewfilmbasedonthebook,with
PeterBergattachedtodirect.[56][57]ProducerKevinMisher,whospentayearsecuringtherightsfrom
theHerbertestate,wastobejoinedbyRichardRubinsteinandJohnHarrison(ofbothSciFiChannel
miniseries)aswellasSarahAubreyandMikeMessina.[56]Theproducersstatedthattheyweregoingfor
a"faithfuladaptation"ofthenovel,andconsidered"itsthemeoffiniteecologicalresourcesparticularly
timely."[56]SciencefictionauthorKevinJ.AndersonandFrankHerbert'ssonBrianHerbert,whohad
togetherwrittenmultipleDunesequelsandprequelssince1999,wereattachedtotheprojectastechnical
advisors.[58]InOctober2009,Bergdroppedoutoftheproject,latersayingthatit"foravarietyof
reasonswasn'ttherightthing"forhim.[59]Subsequently,withascriptdraftbyJoshuaZetumer,
Paramountreportedlysoughtanewdirectorwhocoulddothefilmforunder$175million.[60]In2010,
PierreMorelwassignedontodirect,withscreenwriterChasePalmerincorporatingMorel'svisionofthe
projectintoZetumer'soriginaldraft.[61][62]ByNovember2010,Morellefttheproject.[63]Paramount
finallydroppedplansforaremakeinMarch2011.[64]
Audiobook
In1993,RecordedBooksInc.releaseda20discaudiobooknarratedbyGeorgeGuidall.In2007,Audio
RenaissancereleasedanaudiobooknarratedbySimonVancewithsomepartsactedoutbyScottBrick,
OrlaghCassidy,EuanMortonandotherperformers.
Culturalinfluence
11/17
27/07/2015
Dunehasbeenwidelyinfluential,inspiringothernovels,music,films(includingStarWars),television,
games,comicbooksandTshirts.[65][66]Thenovelwasparodiedin1984'sNationalLampoon'sDoonby
EllisWeiner,[67]andhelpedinspireTheDuneEncyclopedia(1984)byWillisE.McNelly.[68]
GermanelectronicmusicpioneerKlausSchulzereleaseda1979LPtitledDunefeaturingmotifsand
lyricsinspiredbythenovel.Asimilarmusicalproject"VisionsofDune"wasreleasedthesameyearby
amusicalprojecttitled"Zed"ledbyFrenchelectronicmusicianBernardSjazner.HeavymetalbandIron
Maidenwrotethesong"ToTameaLand"basedontheDunestory.Itappearsastheclosingtrackto
their1983albumPieceofMind.Theoriginalworkingtitleofthesongwas"Dune"however,theband
wasdeniedpermissiontouseit,withFrankHerbert'sagentsstating"FrankHerbertdoesn'tlikerock
bands,particularlyheavyrockbands,andespeciallybandslikeIronMaiden".[69]Thesamesongwas
latercoveredin2009byAmericanprogressivemetalbandDreamTheater,releasedonlyona3disc
specialeditionoftheiralbumBlackClouds&SilverLinings.DuneinspiredtheGermanhappyhardcore
bandDune,whohavereleasedseveralalbumswithspacetravelthemedsongs.Theinfluential
progressivehardcorebandShaiHuludtooktheirnamefrom"Dune"."TravellerinTime",fromthe1991
BlindGuardianalbumTalesfromtheTwilightWorld,isbasedmostlyonPaulAtreides'visionsoffuture
andpast.[70][71]Thesong"NearFantastica",fromtheMatthewGoodalbumAvalanche,makesreference
to"litanyagainstfear",repeating"can'tfeelfear,fear'sthemindkiller"throughasectionofthesong.[72]
IntheFatboySlimsong"WeaponofChoice",theline"Ifyouwalkwithoutrhythm/Youwon'tattractthe
worm..."referstothesciencefictionnovelDune.Dunealsoinspiredthe1999albumThe2ndMoonby
theGermandeathmetalbandGolem,whichisaconceptalbumabouttheseries.[73]Dunehasinfluenced
ThirtySecondstoMarsontheirselftitleddebutalbum.[74]TheYoungbloodBrassBand'ssong"Isan
Elegy"onCenter:Level:Roarreferences"Muad'Dib","Arrakis"andotherelementsfromthenovel.[75]
CanadianmusicianClaireBoucher,betterknownasGrimes,hascitedDuneasherfavouritenovel.Her
debutalbumGeidiPrimesandmanyofthesongsonthealbumarereferencestotheDuneuniverse.The
onlinegameLostSoulsincludesDunederivedelements,includingsandwormsandmelange
addictiontowhichcanproducepsychictalents.[76]
Since2009,thenamesofplanetsfromtheDunenovelshavebeenadoptedfortherealworld
nomenclatureofplainsandotherfeaturesonSaturn'smoonTitan.[7][8][9]
Seealso
Duneuniverse
ListofFamilyHousesinDune
ListofDunecharacters
ListofDuneterminology
FictionalworksinventedbyFrankHerbert
Softsciencefiction
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26. "Tonameonerecentexample,thepoliticalimbroglioinvolvingT.E.Lawrencehadprofoundmessianic
overtones.IfLawrencehadbeenkilledatacrucialpointinthestruggle,Herbertnotes,hemightwellhave
becomeanew"avatar"fortheArabs.TheLawrenceanalogysuggestedtoHerbertthepossibilityfor
manipulationofthemessianicimpulseswithinaculturebyoutsiderswithulteriorpurposes.Healsorealized
thatecologycouldbecomethefocusofjustsuchamessianicepisode,hereandnow,inourownculture.'It
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FH:Youknow,don'tyou,thatoneelementoftheconstructionofthisbook...it'sallthewaythroughthere
thatIwrotecertainpartsofitinhaikuandotherpoeticalforms,andthenexpandedthemtoprosetocreatea
pace.[2](http://www.sinanvural.com/seksek/inien/tvd/tvd2.htm)
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71. HasDuneinspiredothermusic?Stason.org(http://stason.org/TULARC/educationbooks/frankherbert
dune/72HasDuneinspiredothermusic.html)Retrieved12July2008.
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file=Golem1999The2ndMoon.doc).Golemmetal.de.RetrievedJuly10,2009.
74. Lowachee,Karin(2003)."Space,symbols,andsynthrockimbuethemetaphoricmusicalworldof30Seconds
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Furtherreading
Clute,JohnNicholls,Peter(1995).TheEncyclopediaofScienceFiction.NewYork:St.Martin's
Press.p.1386.ISBN031213486X.
Clute,JohnNicholls,Peter(1995).TheMultimediaEncyclopediaofScienceFiction(CDROM).
Danbury,CT:Grolier.ISBN0717239993.
Nicholls,Peter(1979).TheEncyclopediaofScienceFiction.StAlbans,Herts,UK:Granada
PublishingLtd.p.672.ISBN0586053808.
Jakubowski,MaximEdwards,Malcolm(1983).TheCompleteBookofScienceFictionand
FantasyLists.StAlbans,Herts,UK:GranadaPublishingLtd.p.350.ISBN0586056785.
Pringle,David(1990).TheUltimateGuidetoScienceFiction.London:GraftonBooksLtd.
p.407.ISBN0246136359.
Tuck,DonaldH.(1974).TheEncyclopediaofScienceFictionandFantasy.Chicago:Advent.
p.136.ISBN0911682201.
Externallinks
OfficialwebsiteforDuneanditssequels
Wikiquotehasquotations
(http://www.dunenovels.com)
relatedto:Dune
Interviewer:PaulTurner(October1973)."Vertex
InterviewsFrankHerbert"
(http://members.lycos.co.uk/Fenrir/ctdinterviews.htm).Volume1,Issue4.
Duneaudiobooks(http://www.collectorsofdune.com/audiobooks.asp)~collectionofaudiobooks
ontheDuneseries
SparkNotes:Dune(http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/dune/context.html),detailedstudyguide
AudioReview(http://www.sfbrp.com/archives/15)atTheScienceFictionBookReviewPodcast
(http://www.sfbrp.com/)
DuneQuotes.comCollectionofquotesfromtheDuneseries(http://www.dunequotes.com)
DunebyFrankHerbert(http://www.conceptualfiction.com/dune.html),reviewedbyTedGioia
(ConceptualFiction(http://www.conceptualfiction.com))
"FrankHerbertBiographyandBibliographyatLitWeb.net"
(http://web.archive.org/web/20090402035216/http://www.litweb.net/biography/242/Frank_Herber
t.html).www.litweb.net.Archivedfromtheoriginal
(http://www.litweb.net/biography/242/Frank_Herbert.html)onApril2,2009.Retrieved
20090102.
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"ArabicandIslamicthemesinFrankHerbert'sDune"(http://baheyeldin.com/literature/arabicand
islamicthemesinfrankherbertsdune.html).TheBaheyeldinDynasty.Retrieved20090102.
WorksofFrankHerbert
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)atDMOZ
Timberg,Scott(April18,2010)."FrankHerbert'sDuneholdstimelyandtimelessappeal"
(http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/lacadune182010apr18,0,4546281,full.story).
LATimes.com.LosAngelesTimes.RetrievedNovember27,2013.
Michaud,Jon(July12,2013)."DuneEndures"
(http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2013/07/duneendures.html).NewYorker.com.
TheNewYorker.RetrievedNovember27,2013.
Walton,Jo(January12,2011)."Inleaguewiththefuture:FrankHerbertsDune(Review)"
(http://www.tor.com/blogs/2011/01/inleaguewiththefuturefrankherbertsdune).Tor.com.
RetrievedNovember27,2013.
Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dune_(novel)&oldid=672179626"
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