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(b)
to
443
It is well known - that the spectrum of a frequency-modulated wave with mean frequency / 0 , total swing 8 / and modulation frequency fm can be expressed by the following series
(2.1)
444
B.K.L
4-50
/o+50
250 ms
8kt
445
(2) REFERENCES
(2.1) HOMER, DUDLEY: "Re-making Speech," Journal of the
Acoustical Society of America, 1939, 11, p. 169.
SUMMARY
It is suggested that it may be possible to transmit speech and music
in much narrower wavebands than was hitherto thought necessary,
not by clipping the ends of the waveband, but by condensing the
information. Two possibilities of more economical transmission are
discussed. Both have in common that the original waveband is
compressed in transmission and re-expanded to the original width in
reception. In the first or "kinematical" method a temporary or
permanent record is scanned by moving slits or their equivalents,
which replace one another in continuous succession before a "window."
Mathematical analysis is simplest if the transmission of the window
is graded according to a probability function. A simple harmonic
oscillation is reproduced as a group of spectral lines with frequencies
which have an approximately constant ratio to the original frequency.
The average departure from the law of proportional conversion is in
inverse ratio to the time interval in which the record passes before
the window. Experiments carried out with simple apparatus indicate
that speech can be compressed into a frequency band of 800 or even
500 c/s without losing much of its intelligibility. There are various
possibilities for utilizing frequency compression in telephony by means
of the "kinematical" method.
In a second method the compression and expansion are carried out
electrically, without mechanical motion. This method consists essentially in using non-sinusoidal carriers, such as repeated probability
pulses, and local oscillators producing waves of the same type. It is
shown that one variety of the electrical method is mathematically
equivalent to the kinematical method of frequency conversion.