EXPERIMENT 3: STANDARDISATION OF NaOH

USING THE SECONDARY STANDARD SOLUTION

OBJECTIVE
To standardise a prepared NaOH solution with the
standardisation HCl solution.

INTRODUCTION
The already prepared NaOH provided in the laboratory can be
restandardised using a primary standard of potassium
hydrogen phthalate or a standardised HCl solution. In this
experiment, we have to use HCl solution which we have
prepared in experiment 2. We carried out 5 titrations in this
experiment to get accurate reading of the volume HCl used.

APPARATUS

Pipette (25 mL)

Burette
Retort stand and white tile
250 mL volumetric flask
5 Conical flasks (250 mL)

CHEMICAL REAGENTS
NaOH solution
Phenolphthalein indicator

PROCEDURE
1. The burette was filled with HCl solution.
2. 25.0 mL of NaOH was pipetted into a 250 mL conical flask. 23 drops of phenolphthalein was added to the conical flask.
3. The NaOH was slowly titrated with the HCl from the burette
while shaking the flask until there is a colour change. The
colour change and the reading at end point of the titration
was recorded.
4. The titrations was repeated until consistent reading was
obtained. All data was recorded in Table 3.0 in the datasheet
for experiment 3 and a calculations was performed as
required to determine the concentration of NaOH solution.
The class result of the concentration of NaOH solution was
tabulated.

RESULT
DATASHEET FOR EXPERIMENT 3
Standardisation of NaOH solution with a standardisation HCl
solution.
Volume of NaOH solution = 25.0 mL
Table 3.0: Titration of NaOH with HCl
No. of trial
Final burette
reading
Initial burette
reading
Volume of HCl
used (mL)

Rough
31.5

1
30.8

2
32.0

3
30.6

4
30.5

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

31.5

30.8

32.0

30.6

30.5

CALCULATIONS
1. Using a Q-test, determine whether your titration data can be
accepted at 95% confidence level.
30.5, 30.6, 30.8, 31.5, 32.0
Mean = 30.5 + 30.6 +30.8 +31.5 + 32.0
5
= 31.08
32.0 (outlier)
Qcal = |32.0 - 31.5 |
32.0 30.5
= 0.33
Qtab = 0.710
Qcal = 0.33 < Qtab = 0.710, therefore the value of 32.0
at 95% was accepted in the data.
2. Determine the average volume and the standard deviation of
volume HCl used.
Average volume HCl = 30.5 + 30.6 + 30.8 + 31.5 + 32.0
5
= 31.08

Xi

Xi - x

( Xix )

30.5
30.6
30.8
31.5
32.0

- 0.58
- 0.48
- 0.28
0.42
0.92

0.3364
0.2304
0.0784
0.1764
0.8464
1.668

Standard deviation =

1.668
4

= 0.6468
3. Calculate the concentration of NaOH solution based on the
stoichiometric equation below
Reaction: NaOH + HCl
NaCl + H O
1 mol NaOH : 1 mol HCl

MV = a
MV
b
(0.1012)(30.55) = 1
M (25.0)
1
M = 0.1236 M
4. Based on the class results, calculate the confidence limit of
the molarity of NaOH solution at 95% confidence level.
Mean ts = 31.08
n

2.78 (0.646)
5

= 31.08 0.80
= 30.28 < < 31.88
QUESTIONS
1. Draw a labelled set up of the above titration.

2. Give the colour change of the phenolphthalein indicator used

in the titration.
Purple to colourless
3. Describe how you would prepare a 250 mL solution of ~ 0.1
M NaOH.
M1V1 = M2V2
(0.1236M) V1 = (0.1M)(250mL)

V1 = 202.27 mL

4. Calculate the pH of solutions of NaOH and HCl respectively.

DISCUSSION
Titration is the procedure used to determine the concentration
of some substance by the controlled addition of a solution into
a reaction from a burette. By using titration, the volume of HCl
solution delivered from the burette can be determined
precisely. An indicator is a substance used to signal when a
titration reaches the point at which the reactants are
stoichiometrically equal as defined by the balance reaction. In
this experiment, phenolphthalein indicator was used.
NaOH + HCl

NaCl + H2O

End point is the point which the indicator changes colour. The
phenolphthalein that we used, changes the colour from purple
to colourless at the end point. The indicator should tell when
the number of moles of NaOH and HCl are exactly equal,
matching the 1:1 ration in the equation. The concentration of
NaOH based on the result is 0.1236M. The volume of HCl used
from the experiment conducted was far from each other. So we
have to make another titration to get the correct reading. So
the total titration that we made was five altogether. Improper
swirling may affect the titration, that is why the result of the
volume that we obtained was far from each other.

CONCLUSION
The molarity of NaOH solution that was determined is 0.1236M.
The true value of molarity of NaOH that falls within the
confidence limit at 95% confidence level is 2.78M.

REFERENCE
http://fernandezeinstein.blog.com/2010/12/01/preparation
-and-standardization-of-hcl-and-naoh-solution/
https://www.scribd.com/doc/55547077/Experiment-3
https://www.scribd.com/doc/60066075/Report-Chem