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SHEAR FORCE
BENDING MOMENT
qo / unit length
A
x
q x2
Mx = o
2
qo a 2
Mmax =
2
RA
R A = q oa
qo / unit length
RA
RA = qob
Mmax = qob a + b
2
qo / unit length
RA
A
C
a
b
L
Mmax = qob a + b
2
RA = qob
x
RA
qo
B
RA =
q x3
Mx = o
6a
qo a 2
Mmax =
6
qo a
2
P
A
Mmax
RA
RA = P
x
Mx = P.x
Mmax = P.a
M
A
a
L
qo
A
a
RA
Zero shear
RA
b
B
RB
a
s=
L
qoa
s
1
2
3
qoas
RB =
6
RA =
x
Mmax = Mx = M
RB
x
q a2
2s
Mmax = o 1 s +
6
3
when x = a 1
FIGURE 47.6 Shear force and bending moment diagrams for beams with simple boundary conditions subjected to
selected loading cases.
MA =
Wab 2
2
L
MB =
Wa 2 b
2
L
LOADING
SHEAR FORCE
RA
qo
A
RB
RA
P
A
RB
q a
2b
RA = o 1
2
3
RB =
qo a 2
2b 3/2
1
3
3
When x = a
2b
3
RA
L/2
RB
L
RA
x
Mmax =
qo a
b
3
BENDING MOMENT
RB
P
RA = RB =
2
RB
RA = RB = P
Mmax =
PL
4
RA
Mmax = Pa
P
A
RA
RB
L
RA
RA = Pb/ L
RB
P
A
C
a
b
L
RA
D B
c
RA =
RA a > c
RB
RB = Pa/L
P(b + 2c)
L
P(b + 2a)
RB =
L
Mmax =
RB
Pa b
L
MC =
Pa(b + 2c)
L
MD =
Pc(b + 2a)
L
P
RA
B
L/3
L/3
L
P
A C
L/6 L/3
Mmax =
RA = RB = P
RB
RA
RA
RB
L/3
PL
3
RA
D
E B
L/3 L/6
L
RB
RA = RB =
3P
2
RB
MC = ME =
PL
4
MD =
5PL
12
Shear force can be determined once the bending moment is known. The shear force at the ends of the
beam, i.e., at A and B, are
SA =
M A - MB Wb
+
L
L
SB =
MB - M A Wa
+
L
L
Bending moment and shear force diagrams for fixed-end beams subjected to some typical loading
cases are shown in Fig. 47.8.
LOADING
P
SHEAR FORCE
BENDING MOMENT
P
RA
A
C
D
E
B
L/4
L/4
L/4
L/4
L
RA
RB
RB
MC = M E =
3P
RA = RB =
2
3P L
8
MD =
PL
2
P
RA
C
D
E
F
B
L/8 L/4
L/4
L/4 L/8
L
RB
RA
RB
MC = MF =
PL
4
MD = M E =
PL
2
RA = RB = 2P
qo = unit load
RA
C
A
S
D
L
RB
E
S
RA = RB = qo S + L
2
RB
RA
qo = unit load
C
A
S
D
L
R A = R B = q oS
RB
qo = unit load
RA
B
Q
RA
RB
q S2
MA = MB = o
2
RA
q L2
MD = o + M A
8
RB
RA
q S2
MA = M B = o
2
RB
qoL2/8
q (S + L)2
q (L + S)(L S)
RA = o
RB = o
2L
2L
q S2
MA = o
2
W
B
A
a
b
L
T
U
S
MA
P
Wab
L
R
MB
Q
Continuous Beams
Continuous beams like fixed-end beams are statically indeterminate. Bending moments in these beams
are functions of the geometry, moments of inertia, and modulus of elasticity of individual members,
besides the load and span. They may be determined by Clapeyrons theorem of three moments, the
moment distribution method, or the slope deflection method.
An example of a two-span continuous beam is solved by Clapeyrons theorem of three moments. The
theorem is applied to two adjacent spans at a time, and the resulting equations in terms of unknown
support moments are solved. The theorem states that
2003 by CRC Press LLC
LOADING
SHEAR FORCE
BENDING MOMENT
MA
qo/unit length
MB
RA
M A = MB =
RB
A
C
L
RA = RB = qoL/2
MC =
qo /unit length
A
RA
B
c
b
d
RB
e
L
MA M B
L
RB = rB +
M B MA
L
qo
12
qoL2
24
MA
MA =
MB =
MB
qo
12Lb
qo
12Lb
x
W
qoL2
Mx
MA
RA
RB
RA = 0.15qoL
RB = 0.35qoL
MB
q L2 10x3 9x
+ 2!
Mx = o
L
60
L3
+ M max = qoL2/46.6 when x = 0.55L
MA = qoL2/30 MB = qoL2/20
qo
C
L
MB
MC =
MA
b 2
a
RA = P ! 1 + 2 !
L
L
a 2
b
RB = P ! 1 + 2 !
L
L
PL
8
MA = MB = PL/8
RB
D
L/3
96
MA
RA
5qoL2
MC =
RA = RB = P/2
L/2
C
L/3
MA = MB =
RB
MB
RA
P
a
MA
RA = RB = qoL/4
C
L/2
RB
P
A
qoL2/32
RA
MA =
Pab2
L2
MB =
2Pa2b2
L3
MB
Pba2
L2
RA
B
L/3
RB
R A = RB = P
MA
PL/9
MB
MA = MB = 2PL/9
FIGURE 47.8 Shear force and bending moment diagrams for built-up beams subjected to typical loading cases.
A x A x
M AL1 + 2MB (L1 + L 2 ) + MCL 2 = 6 1 1 + 2 2
L2
L1
(47.9)
in which MA, MB , and MC are the hogging moment at supports A, B, and C, respectively, of two adjacent
spans of length L1 and L2 (Fig. 47.9); A1 and A2 are the area of bending moment diagrams produced by
the vertical loads on the simple spans AB and BC, respectively; x1 is the centroid of A1 from A; and x2 is
the distance of the centroid of A2 from C. If the beam section is constant within a span but remains
different for each of the spans Eq. (47.9) can be written as
2003 by CRC Press LLC
LOADING
P
A C
BENDING MOMENT
MD = 11PL/72
RA
E B
L/3
L/3
L/6
SHEAR FORCE
RB
L/6
MA
MA = MB = 19PL/72
RA = RB = 3P/2
MB
PL/4
MD = 3PL/16
RA
A
L/4
D
L/4
E
L/4
MA
RB
L/4
3PL/8
RA = RB = 3P/2
AC
L/8 L/4
MD = ME = 5PL/32
E
L/4
MB
MA = MB = 5PL/16
RA
FB
RB
L/4 L/8
MA
MB
PL/4
MA = MB = 11PL /32
RA = RB = 2P
Load
L2
L1
MB
A1
MA
Bending
MC moment
A2
x2
x1
MA
A x A x
L L
L
L1
+ 2MB 1 + 2 + MC 2 = 6 1 1 + 2 2
I2
L 2I 2
I1
L1I1
I1 I 2
(47.10)
in which I1 and I2 are the moments of inertia of the beam sections in spans L1 and L2, respectively.
Example 47.1
The example in Fig. 47.10 shows the application of this theorem.
For spans AC and BC
1 500 10 5
M A 10 + 2MC (10 + 10) + MB 10 = 6 2
+
10
1
2
250 10 5
10
(47.11)
Considering an imaginary span BD on the right side of B and applying the theorem for spans CB and BD
2003 by CRC Press LLC