04 Planning - Pps

Directional Well Planning
2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved
Planning
Three items required for any
directional well
Build
rate
Hold inclination
Kick off point (KOP)
Assume two and calculate the

third
Planning
The
build rate can be chosen for any

number of reasons
To minimize the possibility of fatigue in
the drill pipe
Run an assembly that remains
steerable, rotary or motor
Minimize the possibility of a keyseat
Minimize torque and drag
Planning
The
hold inclination may be selected
Less than 10o, it is difficult to maintain

the direction of the wellbore
Greater than 30o, it becomes
increasingly hard to clean the cuttings
from the hole
Hole cleaning is the most difficult
between 45o and 60o
Above 60o, wireline tools may not fall in
an open hole
Above 70o, wireline tools may not fall in
cased hole
Planning
The
kickoff point can be selected

based on hole conditions
The kickoff point may be selected so
that the build section will be cased at the
end (selected based on casing seat)
It may be advantageous to drill a
troublesome portion of the well vertically
and get it cased
Directional drilling usually takes longer
Planning
If the troublesome zone has lost
circulation, LCM in the mud is hard on
MWD tools
A zone that sloughs substantially may
slough faster if sloughing is due to stress
and the well is drilled at an appreciable
inclination
It may be better to finish the build curve
and start drilling the hold section before
drilling a troublesome formation
Planning
Example 4-1 (on page 4-2)
shows how to determine the hold
angle when the build rate and
kickoff point have already been
selected
Kickoff
point is 2000 feet

Build rate is 2o/100 feet
Target TVD is 9800 feet
Target DEP is 2926 feet
Total depth is 10,000 feet TVD
Planning
Determine the hold inclination
and the detailed MD, TVD and
DEP for the well
Planning
The hole can be divided up into
sections
Vertical
to KOP
Build
Hold
or tangent to target
Hold or tangent to TD
Planning
Determine the MD, TVD and DEP
for the vertical to KOP section
Section
MD
TVD
Vertical to
KOP
2000.00
2000.00
Build
Hold to
Target
Hold to TD
DEP
0.00
Planning
Determine
the hold
inclination
from the
chart
Inclination
is 22o
22o
Planning
of the build section
I 2 I1
MD
Br
22 0
MD
1100 feet
2 / 100
Planning
180 MD sin I 2 sin I1

TVD
I 2 I1
180 1100 sin 22 sin 0

TVD
1073.17
22 0
DEP
180 MD cos I1 cos I 2

I 2 I1
DEP
1801100 cos 0 cos 22

208.60
22 0
Planning
For the build section
Section
MD
TVD
Vertical to
KOP
2000.00
2000.00
0.00
Build
1100.00
1073.17
208.60
Hold to
Target
Hold to TD
DEP
Planning
You can also use the build up
tables in the Appendix
Planning
Planning
Calculate the MD, TVD and DEP
for the hold section
TVD rem
= 9800 2000 1073.17
TVD rem
= 6726.83
DEP rem
= 2926 0 208.60
DEP rem
= 2717.40
MD
of the hold section
Planning
MD
DEP
sin I
2717.40
MD
7254.01
sin 22
Section
MD
TVD
Vertical to
KOP
2000.00
2000.00
0.00
Build
1100.00
1073.17
208.60
Hold to
Target
7254.01
6726.83
2717.40
Hold to TD
DEP
Planning
Calculate the MD, TVD and DEP
of the hold to TD
The TVD is 200.00 feet from 9800
feet to 10,000 feet
TVD
MD
cos I
MD
200
215.71
cos 22
Planning
DEP TVD tan I
DEP 200 tan 22 80.81
Section
MD
TVD
Vertical to
KOP
2000.00
2000.00
0.00
Build
1100.00
1073.17
208.60
Hold to
Target
7254.01
6726.83
2717.40
215.71
200.00
80.81
10,570.72 10,000.00
3006.81
Hold to TD
Total
DEP
Planning
Planning
Class Problem Problem 1 on
page 4-39
Given
the target data in Example 1

Target TVD is 9800 feet
Target DEP is 2926 feet
Build rate is 2o/100
Hold inclination is 35o
Calculate the KOP
Planning
Solution
Draw
a picture to determine what

information you have, what can be
calculated and what is needed
Planning
Can
calculate
the
change in
TVD and
DEP for
the build
curve
TVD of build section

DEP of build section
Inclination = 35
9800
TVD of hold section
DEP of hold section
2926
Planning
Determine
the MD to get to 35 at a
build rate of 2/100 feet
I 2 I1
MD
Br
35 0
MD
1750 feet
2 / 100
Planning

TVD
I 2 I1
180 1750 sin 35 sin 0

TVD
1643.18
35 0
DEP

I 2 I1
DEP
1801750 cos 0 cos 35

518.09
35 0
Planning
Planning
You
have the departure

of the build
section and total departure so you can
DEP of build section
calculate the departure of the hold
Inclination = 35
section
9800
DEPhold = 2926 518.09 =TVD
2407.91
of hold section
From
the right triangle in theDEP

hold
of hold section
section, the TVD of the hold section
can be calculated
2926
Planning
tan I
DEPhold
TVDhold
TVDhold
DEPhold 2407.91
DEP
3438of.85
build section
tan I
tan 35
Inclination = 35
The
kickoff9800
point can be calculated
TVD of hold section
from the target TVD less the
hold TVD
and the build TVD
DEP of hold section
KOP = 9800 3438.85 1643.18
KOP = 4717.97 feet
2926
Planning
There are many ways to drill a
directional well
Example 4-2 (page 4-13) shows
drilling the same directional well
using a Type II directional well or
S curve
Planning
Example 4-2
KOP
= 2000
Build rate = 2.5o/100
Drop rate = 1.5o/100
Target TVD = 9800
Target DEP = 2926
Total depth = 10,000 TVD
Planning
Determine
hold
inclination
from the
chart
Hold
inclination is
24o
24o
Planning
Section
MD
TVD
Vertical to
KOP
2000.00
2000.00
Build
Hold
Drop
Vertical to TD
DEP
0.00
Planning
for the build and drop sections
Can be calculated using the
radius of curvature calculations
or can use the buildup charts
Dropping from 24o to 0o will give
the same TVD and DEP as
building from 0o to 24o
Planning
Planning
Planning
Build and drop sections
Section
MD
TVD
Vertical to
KOP
2000.00
2000.00
0.00
960.00
932.17
198.14
1600.00
1553.62
330.23
Build
DEP
Hold
Drop
Vertical to TD
Planning
Calculate the TVD and DEP of
the hold section
TVD rem
= 9800 2000 932.17

1553.62 = 5314.21
DEP rem = 2926 198.14 330.23 =
2397.63
Calculate the MD of the hold

section
Planning
MD ( TVD 2 DEP 2 )0.5
MD (5314.212 2397.63 2 )0.5 5830.05'
Planning
The hold section can be entered
into the table
Section
MD
TVD
Vertical to
KOP
2000.00
2000.00
0.00
Build
960.00
932.17
198.14
Hold
5830.05
5314.21
2397.63
Drop
1600.00
1553.62
330.23
Vertical to TD
DEP
Planning
Add the vertical to total depth
Section
MD
TVD
Vertical to
KOP
2000.00
2000.00
0.00
Build
960.00
932.17
198.14
Hold
5830.05
5314.21
2397.63
Drop
1600.00
1553.62
330.23
200.00
200.00
0.00
10,590.05 10,000.00
2926.00
Vertical to TD
Total
DEP
Planning
Planning
The hold inclination can also be
calculated using trigonometry
You draw a picture of the well
and then solve for the angle of
inclination based on the
triangles
Planning
r = 2864.79
2000
D
I
9800
7800
The well has a

kickoff point of
2000, a build rate
of 2/100, and a
target of 9800 TVD
and 4060 DEP
Calculate the
inclination I
B
DEP = 4060
Planning
r = 2864.79
2000
D
I
7800
Calculate the length

of line BC from the
DEP and the radius
of curvature of the
build
BC 4060 2864.79
BC 1195 .21'
9800
B
DEP = 4060
Planning
r = 2864.79
2000
D
I
BC
AB
1195 .21
A tan 1
7800
tan A
7800
Calculate angle A of
triangle ABC where
B is a right angle
A 8.71
9800
B
DEP = 4060
Planning
Calculate the length
of side AC
r = 2864.79
2000
AB
cos A
AC
7800
AC
cos 8.71
AC 7891.04
9800
7800
B
DEP = 4060
Planning
r = 2864.79
2000
D
I
AD
AC
1 2864 .79
A cos
7891.04
7800
Calculate angle A of
triangle ADC where
D is a right angle
cos A
A 68.71
9800
B
DEP = 4060
Planning
Calculate the angle
A of DAB
r = 2864.79
2000
I 68.71 8.71
7800
I 60.0
9800
B
DEP = 4060
Planning
r = 2864.79
2000
D
I
I 90 60.0
7800
Calculate the
inclination required
to hit the target
I 30.0
9800
B
DEP = 4060
Planning
The hold inclination can also be
calculated using a method
developed by Wiggins, et. al.
called the single equation
Single equation simplifies
horizontal, directional planning
However, a number of equations
must be solved before using the
single equation
Planning
The paper is still one of the
simplest methods for calculating
the hold inclination
It works for both a type I and
type II well
It even works for horizontal wells
with a tangent section
Planning
r1
180
B r
(4-1)
r2
180
Br
(4-2)
R r1 r 2
(4-3)
TVD TVD4 TVD1
(4-4)
X DEP4 R
(4-5)
L TVD X R
2 1/ 2
TVD R X L
R 2 L2
I sin 1
(4-6)
Single Equation
(4-7)
Planning
Nomenclature
TVD1
r1
I
TVD2
True Vertical Depth

I
TVD3
TVD4
I
DEP2
DEP3
DEP4
Departure
r2
Planning
The equations can be used to
determine the hold inclination in
Example 4-3 (page 4-24), which
is the same problem as Example
4-1
TVD1
= KOP = 2000
TVD4
= Target TVD = 9800
DEP4
= Target DEP = 2926

Planning
Calculate r1 and r2
r1
180
180
2864.79'
Br (2 / 100 )
eqn 4 1
r2 0 eqn 4 2
Planning
Calculate R from equation 4-3
R r1 r2 2864.79 0 2864.79
eqn 4 3
Calculate TVD from equation 4-4

TVD TVD4 TVD1 9800 2000 7800 eqn 4 4
Planning
Calculate X with equation 4-5
X DEP4 R 2926 2864.79 61.21 eqn 4 5
Calculate L with equation 4-6
L TVD X R
L 7255.12
1
2
7800 61.21 2864.79
1
2
eqn 4 6
Planning
Calculate the hold angle with equation
4-7
TVD R X L
I sin
R L
eqn 4 7
(7800 )(2864.79 ) ( 61.21)(7255.12)

I sin 1
2
2
2864
.
79
7255
.
12
I sin 1 0.3746
I 22.0 o
The hold inclination needs to be 22o

Planning
Example 4-4 on page 4-25
Given
the same problem as Example

4-2 on page 4-13
Calculate the hold angle with the
single equation for the Type II well
Planning
Calculate r1 and r2
r1
180
180
2291.83'
Br (2.5 / 100 )
eqn 4 1
r2
180
180
3819.72'
Br (1.5 / 100 )
eqn 4 2
Planning
R r1 r2 2291.83 3819.71 6111 .55

TVD TVD4 TVD1 9800 2000 7800
Planning
X DEP4 R 2926 6111 .55 3185.55
L 7800
L TVD X R
2
1
2
2
( 3185.55) 6111 .55

L 5799.71
1
2
Planning
4-7
TVD R X L
I sin
R 2 L2
(7800 )(6111 .55) ( 3185.55)(5799.71)

I sin 1
6111 .55 2 5799.07 2
I 24.28 o
Planning
Class Problem Problem 2 on page
4-39
Target
TVD = 2850 m
Target DEP = 800 m
Drill an S curve or type II wellbore
KOP = 626 m
Build rate = 1.5o/30 m
Drop rate = 1.5o/30 m
Be vertical at a TVD of 2850 m
Planning
TVD4 = 2850m
TVD1 = 626m
626
1.5/30m
I
TVD2
Build = 1.5/30m
Drop = 1.5/30m
DEP4 = 800m
True Vertical Depth
Find the hold Inclination

I
TVD3
2850
I
DEP3
Departure
DEP2
800
1.5/30m
Planning
Calculate r1 and r2
r1
180
180
1145 .92 m
Br (1.5 / 30)
r2
180
180
1145 .92 m
Br (1.5 / 30)
Planning
R r1 r2 1145 .92 1145 .92 2291.84

TVD TVD4 TVD1 2850 626 2224
Planning
X DEP4 R 800 2291.84 1491.84
L 2224
L TVD X R
2
1
2
2
( 1491.84) 2291.84
L 1385.36
1
2
Planning
4-7
TVD R X L
R 2 L2
I sin 1
(2224 )(2291.84 ) ( 1491.83 )(1385.36 )
2291.84 2 1385.36 2
I sin 1
I sin 1 0.4225
I 24.99 o
Horizontal Planning
Planning a horizontal well is
different from a normal
directional well
It takes more coordination
between disciplines within the
company and with service
companies
Horizontal Planning
Normal Directional Well
Target
is defined by departure and
TVD
Target has tolerances in the
horizontal plane (North and East)
Target may be plus or minus 100 feet
or 30 meters
Horizontal Planning
Horizontal Well
Target
is a TVD target and is usually

more important than the DEP target
Target tolerances are much smaller
The formation thickness can be
anywhere from 3 feet (1 m) to more
than 100 feet (30 m)
It is harder to hit the target and takes
greater care
Horizontal Planning
Gather Information
Offset
well data such as bit records,

mud logs, open hole logs, daily
drilling reports, directional
information, etc.
There are few if any horizontal
exploratory wells
Horizontal Planning
First, Define the Reason for
Drilling the Horizontal Well
Prevent
water or gas coning

Intersect vertical fractures
Increased reservoir exposure to
increase production
Avoid vertical fractures to minimize
water production, etc.
Horizontal Planning
The reason for drilling the
horizontal drives the completion
which drives the drilling
If drilled to prevent water coning,
the wellbore would be placed
near the top of the reservoir, etc.
Horizontal Planning
Geology
The
geology in a horizontal well is

extremely important
TVD targets can be very small and
bed dip can be a major consideration
Most often geology can be more
complicated than predicted
Horizontal Planning
Planned Geology
Actual Geology
Resulted in a technical success and an economic failure
Horizontal Planning
If
the geology is not precisely known,

the drilling engineer must allow for
geologic interpretation while drilling
Will probably require some
geosteering tools
Horizontal Planning
May
drill a pilot hole, log, plug back

and sidetrack
Usually better to drill pilot hole at
some angle
Geological Correlation
Gas
Optimized Placement
of Completion
Identification
of Formation and
Fluid Interfaces
Oil
Water
Horizontal Planning
If the geologic data is
inadequate, the chances of a
commercially viable horizontal
wellbore decreases significantly
Horizontal Planning
Placement of Horizontal Within
the Zone
Top
for water coning

Bottom for gas coning
Traverse for natural fractures or in a
portion more highly fractured
Horizontal Planning
The well may be drilled from top
to bottom to counteract vertical
permeability barriers
Shale
Fractured Reservoir
Shale
Horizontal Planning
Placement of Horizontal Within
the Zone
Fracture
orientation determines
direction of horizontal
May be placed in a portion of the
reservoir not swept by a water flood
Horizontal Planning
Completion requirements
Open
hole, slotted liner, screen,

gravel pack, cased and cemented,
slotted liner and ECPs.
Hole size requirements
Flowing well, gas lift, submersible
pump, rod pump, hydraulic pump,
PCP pump
Horizontal Planning
Contingency
for future problems with

water or gas coning
Does the build curve need to be
cased and cemented
Sidetracking existing well or drilling a
new well
Horizontal Planning
Determining build rate
New
well or sidetrack existing well

Less directional drilling costs less
money (higher build rates to a point)
Steerable versus non-steerable
(hitting the target)
Hole size
Horizontal Planning
Fluid
level and pumping method

Generally you pick either the build
rate or the kick off point and calculate
the other
Most of the time, the build rate is
selected and the kick off point is
calculated
The final inclination is determined by
the bed dip
Horizontal Planning
Build rate accuracy of directional
equipment
Generally
not greater than plus or

minus 10%, may be worse in some
areas
Have to plan for possible deviation
from predicted versus actual
performance
Horizontal Planning
500.00
550.00
600.00
TVD
650.00
10%
700.00
10%
o
750.00
8 o/100'
20 /100'
-10%
-10%
800.00
0.00
100.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
DEPARTURE
600.00
700.00
800.00
900.00
Horizontal Planning
Plan
tangent section
Short section in build curve planned to

be straight
Requires multiple trips unless build rate
is low enough to use steerable
Fractional
orientation
Kick off higher than required and kill

some build rate by rotating the motor for
a short distance several times
Must be steerable to an extent
Horizontal Planning
Tangent Section
Inclusive
Fractional
Orientation
Smooth Arc
Horizontal Planning
Drill
with a steerable system
Can adjust build rate by sliding and

rotating but the build rate is limited
Can
also wag the motor
Orient left and right of high side to kill

some of the build rate
More dogleg severity in the build section
Difficult to predict the results
Horizontal Planning
Soft
landing
Plan for a lower

build rate in the
last 20 degrees of
build and run a
steerable motor in
that section
r1
+
r2
Soft Landing
Horizontal Planning
Horizontal planning requires
input from:
Geology
Drilling
Reservoir
Production
Service
companies
Horizontal Planning
FAILING TO PLAN IS PLANNING
TO FAIL
Horizontal Planning
how to calculate the kickoff point
for a horizontal well with a
planned tangent section
Target
TVD = 4800 feet

Build rate = 12o/100 feet
Tangent section at 60o
Tangent section length = 50 TVD
Horizontal Planning
Horizontal Planning
Calculate the TVD required in the
first build section to 60o
MD
I 2 I1
60 0
500 feet
Br
12 / 100
TVD

I 2 I1
TVD
180 500 sin 60 sin 0

413.50 feet
60 0
Horizontal Planning
Calculate the TVD required in the
second build section from 60o to
90o
I 2 I1 90 60
MD
250 feet
Br
12 / 100
180 250 sin 90 sin 60
TVD
63.97 feet
90 60
Horizontal Planning
The TVD of the tangent section is
50 feet
Calculate the KOP
KOP
= 4800 413.50 50 63.97

KOP = 4272.53 feet
Horizontal Planning
Seldom is the bed dip 0o making
the calculation of the kickoff
point more complicated
how to calculate a KOP when the
bed dips at 5o
Horizontal Planning
Apparent
bed dip is 5o (drilling down
dip)
Build rate = 14o/100 feet
Bed thickness = 50 feet
TVD of the target below the surface
location is 4000 feet
Want to drill from the top of the
producing formation at the beginning
of the horizontal to the bottom at the
end of the horizontal
Horizontal Planning
Horizontal Planning
Calculate angle A in triangle ABC
BC
A sin 1
AC
1
50
A sin
1.43
2000
The inclination of the horizontal

would be 90o minus the bed dip
minus the angle A
I
= 90 5 1.43 = 83.57o
Horizontal Planning
Horizontal Planning
Calculate the DEP to reach the
horizontal inclination of 83.57o
I 2 I1 83.57 0
MD
596.93 feet
Br
14 / 100

DEP
I 2 I1
DEP
180 596.93 cos 0 cos 83.57

363.42 feet
83.57 0
Horizontal Planning
Calculate the length of side DE in
triangle ADE
tan A
DE
AE
DE tan A AE
DE tan 5 363.42 31.80 feet
The formation will be

encountered 31.80 feet deeper at
a DEP of 363.42 feet
Horizontal Planning
Calculate the TVD for the build
curve
TVD

I 2 I1
180 596.93 sin 83.57 sin 0

TVD
406.68 feet
83.57 0
Horizontal Planning
Calculate the kickoff point
KOP
= 4000 + 31.80 406.68

KOP = 3625.12 feet
Horizontal Planning
Class problem Problem 3 on
page 4-39
Same
as example 4-6 but drilling up

dip instead of down dip
What is the hold inclination of the
horizontal and the kickoff point
Horizontal Planning
KOP
3553.50
Angle of Horiz. = 93.57o
TVD=
408.46
1.43o
C
4000 ft
D
A
E
DE=38.04
DEP=434.74
Horizontal Planning
Calculate angle A in triangle ABC
BC
A sin 1
AC
1
50
A sin
1.43
2000
The inclination of the horizontal

would be 90o plus the bed dip
minus the angle A
I
= 90 + 5 1.43 = 93.57o
Horizontal Planning
Calculate the DEP to reach the
horizontal inclination of 93.57o
I 2 I1 93.57 0
MD
668.36 feet
Br
14 / 100
DEP
I 2 I1
180 668.36 cos 0 cos 93.57

DEP
434.74 feet
93.57 0
Horizontal Planning
B
C
4000 ft
D
A
E
Horizontal Planning
Calculate the length of side DE in
triangle ADE
tan A
DE
AD
DE tan A AD
DE tan 5 434.74 38.04 feet
The formation will be

encountered 38.04 feet shallower
at a DEP of 434.74 feet
Horizontal Planning
Calculate the TVD for the build
curve
TVD
I 2 I1
180 668.36 sin 93.57 sin 0
TVD
408.46 feet
93.57 0
Horizontal Planning
Calculate the kickoff point
KOP
= 4000 38.04 408.46

KOP = 3553.50 feet
Geosteering
Geosteering is the drilling of a
horizontal, or other deviated
well, where decisions on well
path adjustment are made based
on real time geologic and
reservoir data
Geosteering
Geosteering is required when the
marker is ill defined, target
tolerances are tight or geology
so complicated that as to make
conventional directional drilling
impractical (geometric steering)
Geosteering
Geosteering methods
Drilling
rate
Samples
LWD (Logging While Drilling)
Gamma ray
Resistivity
Density Neutron
Sonic
Geosteering
Because of the inaccuracy of
directional surveys and geology,
it may not be possible to
establish a horizontal wellbore
within the pay zone in small
targets (geometric steering)
Geosteering is required in order
to accomplish the task
Geosteering
Geologic
markers can be
used to
establish the
wellbore within
the pay zone if a
consistent
geologic marker
exists
Geologic Marker
Reservoir
Geosteering
Penetration rate may indicate
geologic markers
Samples can be used to
determine the depth of geologic
markers though it is not
extremely accurate
LWD data can be used to
determine geologic markers
Geosteering
120 ft
Neutron
Density
100 ft
80 ft
Direction
Measurements
60 ft
GR
40 ft
Resistivity
20 ft
0 ft
Feet from Bit
Inclination
GR
Button Resistivity
Resistivity at Bit
Typical layout of
LWD tools within
the directional
bottomhole
assembly
Every well does not
require all of these
tools
Geosteering
Inductive
Deep resistivity
can be used to
detect bed
boundaries
Propagati
Resistivity
on
InductiveAttenuation
Resistivity
Azimuthal
Resistivity
a
NonPay
Near-Bit
Electrical Resistivity
Geosteering
Once the well is
within the
reservoir, it must
be kept in the
reservoir
LWD such as GR
and resistivity
Top Reservoir
Base Reservoir
Geosteering
Azimuthal
resistivity and
GR can be used
to determine if
the wellbore is
close to the top
or bottom of the
formation
Geosteering
Top Reservoir
Oil
Water
Sometimes it is
desirable to
remain a fixed
distance above
the oil/water
contact
Resistivity tool
Geosteering
Drilling fault
blocks
Must recognize
when a fault is
encountered
and reestablish
the wellbore
within the pay
zone
Geologic Faults
Geosteering
Recovery Parameters
Angle of Incidence
Bit-to-Sensor Detection Distance
Decision Reaction Distance
Correction Curve Rate
Hold Distance to Re-entry
Anticipated Changes in Structure
Curve Distance to Recovery
c
b
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
D
is
t
a
n
c
et
oR
e
e
n
t
r
y
, ft
250
200
150
100
50
0
1
2
3
4
5
Bad Exit Angle of Incidence, deg
Once the wellbore

has exited a pay
zone, it takes time
to get the wellbore
back in the zone
It depends upon
the angle leaving
the zone, the DLS
of the motor, and
the distance of the
sensor from the bit
Geosteering
If you want to use LWD, three
groups need to work together
Drilling
Geology
The
MWD vendor
Planning
Planning
Planning
Planning
Planning

04 Planning - Pps

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04 Planning - Pps

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Directional Well Planning

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Assume two and calculate the

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

build rate can be chosen for any

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

hold inclination may be selected

Less than 10o, it is difficult to maintain

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

kickoff point can be selected

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

point is 2000 feet

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

180 MD sin I 2 sin I1

180 1100 sin 22 sin 0

180 MD cos I1 cos I 2

1801100 cos 0 cos 22

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

= 9800 2000 1073.17

of the hold section

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

DEP 200 tan 22 80.81

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

the target data in Example 1

a picture to determine what

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

TVD of build section

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

180 MD sin I 2 sin I1

180 1750 sin 35 sin 0

180 MD cos I1 cos I 2

1801750 cos 0 cos 35

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

have the departure

the right triangle in theDEP

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

= 9800 2000 932.17

Calculate the MD of the hold

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

2006 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved