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March 1997
Non-destructive testing
Penetrant testing
DIN
EN 571-1
ICs 19.100
National foreword
This standard has been prepared by CEN/TC 138.
The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the NormenausschuB Materialprfung (Materials Testing
Standards Committee), Technical Committee Oberflachenverfahren.
Amendments
DIN 54152-1, July 1989 edition, has been superseded by the specifications of EN 571-1.
Previous editions
DIN 54152-1 1979-03. 1989-07.
EN comprises 16 pages.
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPENNE
EUROPISCHE NORM
EN 571-1
January 1997
ICs 19.100
Descriptors: Non-destructive testing, testing, penetrant flaw detection.
Englishversion
Non-destructive testing
Penetrant testing
Part 1 : General principles
Essais non destructifs - Examen par resw a g e - Partie 1 : Principes gnraux
CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comit Europen de Normalisation
Europisches Komitee fr Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels
O 1997. GEN - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means
reserved worldwide for CEN national members.
Page 2
EN 571-1 1997
Contents
Page
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
2 Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.3
3 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.3
4 Safety precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.4
5 General principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.4
6 Products, sensitivity and designation . . . . . . . . . . ..5
Page
Test
.............................. '8
9 Test report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Annex A (normative)
Main staaes
of the Denetrant examination . .15
"
A~~~~ B (informative)
Example of a test report
16
Foreword
This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CENTTC 138 'Non-destructive testing', the Secretariat
of which is held by AFNOR.
The EN 571 series of European Standards comprises the following Parts:
EN 571-1 Non-destructive testing - penetrant testing - Part 1 : General principles
EN 571-2 Non-destructive testing - penetrant testing - Part 2: Testing of penetrant materials
EN 571-3 Non-destructive testing - penetrant testing - Part 3: Reference test blocks
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European
Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of the relevant EU Directives.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by
endorsement, and conflicting standards withdrawn, by July 1997 at the latest.
In accordance with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries
are bound to implement this European Standard:
Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.
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EN 571-1 11997
1 Scope
T h i s standard d e f i n e s a method o f penetrant t e s t i n g used t o d e t e c t d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s , e.g. cracks, laps, f o l d s , p o r o s i t y and l a c k of fusion, which a r e open t o
t h e s u r f a c e o f t h e m a t e r i a l t o be tested. I t i s m a i n l y a p p l i e d t o m e t a l l i c mater i a l s , b u t can a l s o be performed on o t h e r m a t e r i a l s , p r o v i d e d t h a t they a r e
i n e r t t o t h e t e s t media and they are not e x c e s s i v e l y porous. Examples o f which
a r e castings, f o r g i n g s , welds, ceramics, etc.
T h i s standard i s n o t intended t o be used f o r acceptance c r i t e r i a and g i v e s no
i n f o r m a t i o n r e l a t i n g t o t h e s u i t a b i l i t y o f i n d i v i d u a l t e s t systems f o r s p e c i f i c
a p p l i c a t i o n s n o r requirements f o r t e s t equipment.
The term " d i s c o n t i n u i t y " i s used here i n t h e sense t h a t no e v a l u a t i o n concerning
acceptabi 1 ity o r non-acceptabi 1i t y i s included.
Methods f o r d e t e r m i n i n g and m o n i t o r i n g the e s s e n t i a l p r o p e r t i e s o f p e n e t r a n t t e s t i n g products t o be used a r e s p e c i f i e d i n EN 571-2 and EN 571-3.
Normative references
EN 473
prEN 571-2
Non-destructive t e s t i n g - Penetrant t e s t i n g - P a r t 2: T e s t i n g
o f penetrant materials1)
prEN 571-3
Non-destructive t e s t i n g
t e s t blocks1)
prEN 956
Penetrant t e s t l n g
General
- P a r t 3:
Reference
- Penetrant t e s t i n g - Equipment
t e s t i n g - Terminology - P a r t 6: Terms used
Non-destructive t e s t i n g
3 Definitions
F o r t h e purposes o f t h i s standard t h e d e f i n i t i o n s o f prEN 1330-6 apply.
I)
in
I n preparation
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EN 571-1 11997
Safety precautions
5.1
General p r i n c i p l e s
Personnel
5.2
D e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e method
5.3
Process sequence
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EN 571-111997
subclause
subclause
subclause
subclause
8.5);
8.6) ;
8.7) ;
8.8).
Equipment
Effectiveness
Products, s e n s i t i v i t y and d e s i g n a t i o n
Product f a m i l y
Various t e s t systems e x i s t in p e n e t r a n t t e s t i n g .
A product f a m i l y i s understood as a combination o f t h e f o l l o w i n g penetrant
t e s t i n g m a t e r i a l s : Penetrant, excess penetrant remover and developer. When type
t e s t e d i n accordance w i t h prEN 571-2 t h e penetrant and excess penetrant remover
s h a l l be from one manufacturer. Only approved product f a m i l i e s s h a l l be used.
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EN 571-1 :1997
6.2
T e s t i n g products
The t e s t i n g p r o d u c t s a r e given i n t a b l e 1.
Table 1: T e s t i n g products
Penetrant
~
Excess penetrant
remover
~
~~
Deve1Oper
~~
Denomina t i on
F1uorescent
pene t r a nt
Water
II
III
Dual purpos
(fluorescen
c o l o u r cont r a s t penetrant)
Lipophilic
emu 1 s if i e r
1 Oil-based
emul s i f ie r
2 Rinsing
w i t h runn i n g water
Form
Denomination
Solvent
(1 iquid)
Hydrophi 1 ic
emul s i f i e r
1 Optional
prerinse
(water )
2 emulsifier
(water-di 1uted)
3 Final rinse
(water)
Water and
sol vent
NOTE: For s p e c i f i c cases, i t i s necessary t o use p e n e t r a n t t e s t i n g product
complying w i t h p a r t i c u l a r requirements w i t h regards t o f l a m n a b i l i t y , s u l f u r ,
halogen and sodium content and o t h e r contaminants, see prEN 571-2.
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EN 571-111997
Sensitivity
6.3
Designation
The approved p r o d u c t f a m i l y t o be used f o r penetrant t e s t i n g i s g i v e n a d e s i g n a t i o n comprising the type, the method and t h e form f o r t h e t e s t i n g products and
a f i g u r e which i n d i c a t e s t h e s e n s i t i v i t y l e v e l achieved by t e s t i n g w i t h t h e r e ference b l o c k 1 as described' in! EN 571-3.
EXAMPLE:
Designation o f an approved product f a m i l y comprising f o r a f l u o r e s c e n t
p e n e t r a n t ( I ) , water as excess penetrant remover ( A ) and a d r y powder developer
( a ) and a system s e n s i t i v i t y o f l e v e l 2 i s the f o l l o w i n g penetrant t e s t i n g system when u s i n g EN 571-1 and prEN 572-2 g i v i n g the example: product f a m i l y
EN 571-1-IAa-2.
7
C o m p a t i b i l i t y of t e s t i n g m a t e r i a l s w i t h t h e p a r t ( s ) t o be t e s t e d
7.1
General
7.2
C o m p a t i b i l i t y o f p e n e t r a n t t e s t i n g m a t e r i a l s w i t h p a r t s under examination
7.3.3
7.3.4
F o r p a r t s associated w i t h peroxide r o c k e t f u e l , e x p l o s i v e s t o r e s (these
i n c l u d e a l 1 items c o n t a i n i n g e x p l o s i v e p r o p e l l a n t , i n i t i a t i n g o r p y r o t e c h n i c
m a t e r i a l s ) , oxygen equipment o r nuclear a p p l i c a t i o n s the c o m p a t i b i l i t y o f penet r a n t t e s t i n g m a t e r i a l s s h a l l r e q u i r e s p e c i a l consideration.
7.3.5
If,a f t e r postcleaning, penetrant t e s t i n g m a t e r i a l s remain on t h e p a r t s
t h e r e i s a p o s s i b i l i t y o f c o r r o s i o n , e. g. o f s t r e s s c o r r o s i o n o r of c o r r o s i o n
fatigue.
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EN 571-1 1997
Test procedure
8.1
W r i t t e n t e s t procedure
When c o n t r a c t u a l l y r e q u i r e d w r i t t
proved p r i o r t o t h e examination.
8.2
t s t procedure s h a l l be
P r e p a r a t i o n and precleaning
Contaminants, e. g. scale, rust, o i l , grease o r p a i n t s h a l l be removed, i f necessary using mechanical o r chemical methods o r a combination o f these methods.
Precleaning s h a l l ensure t h a t the t e s t surface i s f r e e from residues and t h a t i t
a l l o w s t h e p e n e t r a n t t o e n t e r any d i s c o n t i n u i t y . The cleaned area s h a l l be l a r g e
enough t o prevent i n t e r f e r e n c e from areas adjacent t o the a c t u a l t e s t surface.
-
8.2.1
Mechani c a l p r e c l eaning
Scale, slag, r u s t , etc., s h a l l be removed using s u i t a b l e methods such as brushing, rubbing, abrasion, b l a s t i n g , h i g h pressure water b l a s t i n g , etc. These
methods remove contaminants from the surface and g e n e r a l l y a r e incapable o f r e moving contaminants from w i t h i n surface d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s . I n a l l cases and i n
p a r t i c u l a r i n t h e case o f shot b l a s t i n g , care s h a l l be taken t o ensure t h a t the
d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s a r e n o t masked by p l a s t i c deformation o r c l o g g i n g from abrasive
m a t e r i a l s . I f necessary, t o ensure t h a t d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s a r e open t o t h e surface
subsequent e t c h i n g t r e a t m e n t s h a l l be c a r r i e d out, f o l l o w e d by adequate r i n s i n g
and drying.
8.2.2
Chemical p r e c l eani ng
Drying
A p p l i c a t i o n o f penetrant
Methods o f a p p l i c a t i o n
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EN 571-1 11997
Tempera t u r e
8.3.2
8.3.3
P e n e t r t i o n time
8.4
Excess p e n e t r a n t removal
8.4.1
General
8.4.2
Water
8.4.3
Solvents
8.4.4.1
Emulsifier
Hydrophilic (water-dilutable)
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EN 571-1 11997
The e m u l s i f i e r s h a l l be a p p l i e d by imnersion o r by foam equipment. The concent r a t i o n and t h e contact time o f the e m u l s f i e r s h a l l be evaluated by the user
through p r e - t e s t s according t o the manufacturer's i n s t r u c t i o n . The predetermined
e m u l s i f i e r c o n t a c t time s h a l l n o t be exceeded. A f t e r e m u l s i f i c a t i o n , a f i n a l
wash s h a l l be c a r r i e d out as described i n 8.4.2.
8.4.4.2
L i p o p h i 1 ic ( o i 1-based)
Excess penetrant
removal
check
Drying
w i p i n g w i t h a clean, dry, l i n t - f r e e c l o t h
evaporation a t ambient temperature a f t e r h o t water d i p
evaporation a t elevated temperature
forced a i r c i r c u l a t i o n
a combination o f t h e methods l i s t e d under a) t o d).
O C
d u r i n g d r y i n g unless otherwise
Page 1 1
EN 571-111997
8.5
A p p l i c a t i o n o f developer
8.5.1.
General
8.5.2
Dry powder
Water-suspendab1 e deve1Oper
Solvent-based developer
8.5.5
Water s o l u b l e developer
A t h i n u n i f o r m a p p l i c a t i o n o f t h e developer s h a l l be c a r r i e d o u t by imnersion
o r by spraying w i t h s u i t a b l e equipment i n accordance w i t h t h e approved procedure. Imnersion time and temperature o f t h e developper s h a l l be evaluated by
the user through p r e - t e s t s according t o the m a n u f a c t u r e r ' s i n s t r u c t i o n . The i m mersion time should be as s h o r t as p o s s i b l e t o ensure an optimum r e s u l t .
8.5.6
p e e l a b l e developer)
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EN 571-1 11997
- After
8.5.7
The development t i m e should be between 10 min and 30 min, longer times may be
agreed between the c o n t r a c t i n g p a r t i e s .
The development t i m e begins
8.6
8.6.1
Inspection
General
Generally, i t i s advisable t o c a r r y out the f i r s t examination j u s t a f t e r the app l i c a t i o n o f the developer o r as soon as the developer i s dry. This f a c i l i t a t e s
a better interpretation o f indications.
The f i n a l inspection s h a l l be c a r r i e d o u t when the development t i m e has elapsed.
Aids f o r v i s u a l examination, such as m a g n i f i c a t i o n instruments o r c o n t r a s t
spectacles, can be used.
NOTE: The diameter, width o r i n t e n s i t y o f the i n d i c a t i o n provide l i m i t e d
information.
8.6.2
8.6.2.1
Viewing c o n d i t i o n s
Fluorescent penetrants
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EN 571-1 11997
8.6.2.2
Colour c o n t r a s t p e n e t r a n t s
8.7
Recording
0.8
8.8.1
w r i t t e n description
sketch
adhesive tape
p e e l a b l e developer
photograph
photocopy
video
P o s t c l e a n i n g and p r o t e c t i o n
Postcleaning
8.8.2
Protection
Ifr e q u i r e d a s u i t a b l e c o r r o s i o n p r o t e c t i o n s h a l l be applied.
0.9
Retesting
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EN 571-1 11997
9 Test r e p o r t
The t e s t r e p o r t s h a l l c o n t a i n the f o l l o w i n g i n f o r m a t i o n w i t h reference t o t h i s
standard :
a) i n f o r m a t i o n on the p a r t t e s t e d
- designation
- dimensions
- material
- surface c o n d i t i o n
- p r o d u c t i o n stage
b) purpose o f t e s t i n g
Page 15
EN 571-1 11997
N N EX
(normative)
I
P r e a r a t i o n and
recleanin
r
-l I
I
Apply post-emls i f i a b l e penet r a n t and a l l o w
contac; time
I
1
Apply s o l v e n t
removable penet r a n t and a l l o w
contac; time
Apply l i p o p h i l i
a l 1 ow contact
e m u l s i f i e r and
1 I
1 Excess
I
I
Dry
IAllow
I
inspect
I Clean
I
I
Protect i f
required
Apply water
suspendable
deve1 Oper
sol u b l e
I Development
time
I
I
I
t o dry
Page 16
EN 571-1 1997
A N N E X
B
( informa t i ve)
Example o f a t e s t r e p o r t
Test r e p o r t
Reference No.:
Subreference No.:
Penetrant t e s t ing
T e s t r e p o r t no.:
Sheet
Company name:
Departments :
of
- sheets
Project :
Comnissioned by:
Comnission orer no.:
Parts:
Manufacturing no. :
Drawing no,:
P a r t t o be tested:
f u r t h e r d e t a i l s , e. 9.:
Weld p l a n no.:
Test follow-up p l a n no.:
Weld no.:
Sheet no.:
U n i t no.:
P a r t no.:
Cast no.:
Model no.:
~~
Dimensions:
Material :
Surface c o n d i t i o n :
Heat treatment condi t i o n :
Pretreatment :
Test i n s t r u c t ion :
Scope o f t e s t i n g :
(e. g. s p e c i f i c a t i o n , t e s t d i r e c t i o n , d e l i v e r y c o n d i t i o n )
Penetrant system
Designa t ion :
Manufac t u r e f :
Product d e s i g n a t i o n
Penetrant :
Excess penetrant remover:
Developer:
.Batch no.:
Batch no.:
Batch no,:
Procedure
Te s t tempe r a t u r e :
Precl eani ng :
Drying:
Penetration time:
Test r e s u l t s :
Test l o c a t i o n :
T e s t date:
~
~~
Operator's name:
non acceptable:
Eva1u a t i on
acceptable:
( i n accordance w i t h t e s t i n s t r u c t i o n s ) :
Remar k s :
Test supervisor:
or
Comnissioner/expert:
or
Test house:
Certification:
Date:
Signature :
Date:
Signature :
Date:
Signature :