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ANNEXES ............................................................................................................................................ 3
STANDARDS REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 3
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 4
NEW SYSTEM STRUCTURE ................................................................................................................. 5
WIRING SYSTEM SIZING - OVERLOAD AND SHORT-CIRCUIT PROTECTIONS .................................. 8
Annexes
Drawing 1 Plan view. Scale 1:100
Drawing 2 Plan view. Scale 1:200
Drawing 3 Elevation view. Scale 1:100
Drawing 4 Electrical schematics. PV generator. CC side
Drawing 5 Electrical schematics. Back-up system. CC side
Drawing 6 Electrical schematics. Block diagram
Drawing 7 Graphic symbols key
Calculation sheet 1 Compatibility evaluation PV array
Calculation sheet 2 Symbol key
Calculation sheet 3 System producibility and yield
Standards References
The following references have been observed to design the systemlan:
IEC 60050-826:2004 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Part 826: Electrical installations.
IEC 60364-1:2005 - Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment of
general characteristics, definitions.
IEC 60364-4-41:2005 - Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 4-41: Protection for safety - Protection
against electric shock.
IEC 60364-4-42:2010 - Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 4-42: Protection for safety - Protection
against thermal effects.
IEC 60364-4-43:2008 - Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 4-43: Protection for safety - Protection
against overcurrent.
IEC 60364-4-44:2007 - Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 4-44: Protection for safety - Protection
against voltage disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances.
IEC 60364-5-51:2005 Electrical installations of buildings - Part 5-51: Selection and erection of electrical
equipment Common rules.
IEC 60364-5-52:2009 Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 5-52: Selection and erection of electrical
equipment Wiring systems.
IEC 60364-5-53:2002 Electrical installations of buildings - Part 5-53: Selection and erection of electrical
equipment Isolation, switching and control.
IEC 60364-5-54:2011 Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 5-54: Selection and erection of electrical
equipment Earthing arrangements and protective conductors.
IEC 60364-5-55:2008 Electrical installations of buildings - Part 5-55: Selection and erection of electrical
equipment Other equipment.
IEC 60364-5-56:2009 Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 5-56: Selection and erection of electrical
equipment Safety services.
IEC 60364-6:2006 Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 6: Verification.
IEC 60364-7-712:2002 Electrical installations of buildings - Part 7-712: Requirements for special
installations or locations Solar photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems.
IEC 61439-0:2010 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 0: Guide to specifying
assemblies.
IEC 61439-1:2011 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 1: General rules.
IEC 61439-2:2011 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 2: Power switchgear and
controlgear assemblies.
IEC 62305-1:2010 Protection against lightning - Part 1: General principles.
IEC 62305-2:2010 Protection against lightning - Part 2: Risk management.
IEC 62305-3:2010 Protection against lightning - Part 3: Physical damage to structures and life hazard.
IEC 62305-4:2010 Protection against lightning - Part 4: Electrical and electronic systems within structures.
IEC 61194:1992 Characteristic parameters of stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems.
IEC 61727:2004 Photovoltaic (PV) systems Characteristics of the utility interface.
IEC 61724:1998 Photovoltaic system performance monitoring Guidelines for measurement, data
exchange and analysis.
IEC 62124:2004 Photovoltaic (PV) stand-alone systems Design verification.
IEC/TS 61836:2007 Solar photovoltaic energy systems Terms, definitions and symbols.
EN 61173:1994 Overvoltage protection for photovoltaic (PV) power generating systems Guide.
Introduction
Note: this plan has been developed referring to partial information received and not checked on
site. Therefore, before proceeding with the realization, these informations have to be checked
and/or integrated.
The Centro de Estudos do Deserto is located in Njambasana, Angola. It is equipped with an electrical
installation powered by a diesel generator with an a.c. single phase generator whose rated power is 7.5 kVA,
located about 150 m far from the school building.
This design plans the realization of a 6 kWp photovoltaic generator provided with back-up batteries with
capacity of 41 kVAh, 10 hours discharge (estimated endurance in a working day), to integrate the diesel
generator generation of electricity.
Relazione tecnica NjambasanaEN.doc
The system is organised to prefer energy consumption from the photovoltaic source that will be used, if
possible, for the direct consumption and/or to maintain in charge the battery set; the diesel generator will be
used as last resource in case of insufficient generation either from the photovoltaic or batteries charge.
If the existing diesel generator provides a remote self-starting, it could be automatically controlled to integrate
the generation of electricity, if necessary; on the contrary manual starting and stop have to be provided when
required.
All strings are perfectly the same both for composition and for exposure.
The photovoltaic modules have the following characteristics:
Anodized aluminium frame and thermally pre-stressed solar glass front cover
Double insulation
Pmax = 250W
Tolerance 3%
Vmpp = 48.6V
Impp = 5.15
Voc = 59.8V
Isc = 5.38
Efficiency = 14.7%
Therefore string Vmpp is 292V at 25C, whereas at the extreme working conditions (-10C and +70C)
it is 336V and 235V respectively.
Modules connections to form strings will be realized with cables prewired to the modules themselves, or,
whether they will not be long enough, with solar cable FG21M21 2x(1x4) mm2 or similar; bonding of strings to
the Array Switchboard will be made with the same type of cable. Cable characteristics are:
Inverter:
Inside the building two inverters SMA Sunny Boy 3300 type, single-phase 230 V 50 Hz, with LF separation
transformer, will be installed; these equipments, if properly set, can work in off-grid installations.
Main electric characteristics are:
Pmaxdc = 3820W
Vmaxdc = 500V
Vmpp = 200-400V
Vstart = 250V
IINMAX = 20A
Pac = 3300W
Pmaxac = 3600W
IOUTMAX = 18A
Choosing the inverter it has been checked that the input voltage and current range (dc side) were compatible
with those suitable for the inverter; as to inverter power relating to the one of the photovoltaic array, contrary
to what happens for installations in Italy, it was decided to overrate the inverter of 10% because STC could be
frequently exceeded.
BACK-UP SYSTEM
Evaluation of the battery box capacity:
Since data are not available, the electrical system absorption during school days has been supposed starting
from the diesel generator power.
A corresponding daily absorption of 37 kWh, at cos = 0.9, at 41 kVAh has been supposed.
Considering 160 Ah at 12V, HAZE HZB12-160 type (Valve regulated lead acid) stationary batteries, having to
interface the energy backup at the voltage of 24V, and having decided to split the system into two inverter also
in this case, two groups each one made of 12 elements are considered and connected to create two 24V
backups of 960Ah each.
In this way there will be two backups each one with the following electric characteristics:
Vdc = 24V
Battery boxes must be located inside the building, next to the input point of the riser from the diesel generator.
Their connection to the respective inverters will be done using H07V-K 2x(1x70) mm2 cables.
Disconnecting Switchboard dc side:
Next to the battery boxes a disconnecting and protection metallic board will be located, with two Schneider
FUPACT INF160 disconnector-fuses with 160A gG fuses. The disconnectors will be quadripolar with two by two
series connected terminals for dc working. Lines from battery boxes will arrive to the board and from it lines to
inverters will depart.
Inverters:
Two SMA Sunny Island 3324 inverters single-phase
elements. Lines from disconnecting board of the battery boxes will be connected to the inverter dc side; the
riser from the diesel generator, which must be disconnected from the main board of the building, will be parallel
connected to the inverters ac side. The ac output will be connected to the parallel board to supply the system.
Main electrical characteristics:
Battery Voltage= 24 V
PARALLEL SWITCHBOARD
The parallel board will be installed next to general existing board. It will be supplied through lines H07V-K
2x(1x6) mm2 type by the four inverters (2 Sunny Boy 3300 connected to the photovoltaic array and 2 Sunny
Island 3324 connected to the back-up batteries).
The board will contain four bipolar disconnectors ABB E202/25 below which there will be the parallel of supplies
and the H07V-K 2x(1x16) mm2 line protected by a thermal magnetic circuit breaker, which resupplies the
existing board.
AC side
Inverter - Parallel Board: line H07V-K, S = 6 mm2 type. Current Ib is 18 A at most, the short-circuit is supplied
by the diesel generator, if working, or by the batteries, or by the photovoltaic generator. In any case a shortcircuit in one of these lines causes the involved inverter detachment and it is not dangerous for the line. Lines
current-carrying capacity is 23 A, higher than what required. Therefore line protections against both shortcircuit and overload are not necessary.
Parallel board General board (existing): line H07V-K, S = 16 mm2 type. Line current-carrying capacity is 68 A
and is protected by a 63 A curve B thermal magnetic circuit breaker.
RE
120
Id
where RE is the earthing arrangement resistance and Id the earth fault current; in case the second earth fault
happens the protective conductor connecting exposed-conductive-parts in earth fault, short-circuiting modules
between them, is flowed by the string current, bringing the exposed-conductive-parts in fault at a voltage equal
to current multiplied by the conductor part impedance, in the worst case. Also in this case possible voltage
values are not dangerous and the existing earthing arrangement is surely suitable.
Accumulator batteries
Accumulator batteries are connected to provide terminals with a voltage of 24V; the system is a SELV type.
Safety is due to voltage levels that are not dangerous themselves. But it will be necessary to keep apart all
parts at a voltage higher than 24V.
AC side
Inverters exposed-conductive-parts must be connected to the existing earthing arrangement. The protection
against indirect contacts in the AC side will be an integral part of the existing one in the supply system, and it
will be extended to them if necessary. As it was said during the first earth fault current is extremely minimal, so
the relation is surely verified with any earthing arrangement.
Type 2
Response time: 25 ns
SPDs on AC side will be ABB OVR T2 1N 40 275 P type, protected by a 16 A gG prefuse, with the following
characteristics:
Type 2
Response time: 25 ns
10
Mounting options: fixed, slope=10 from the horizon tal plane, azimuth 0N (180)
Location: 1545'56"S,120'9"E, altitude=88m a.s.l.
Inverter losses=6%
Cables losses=1%
Combined PV system losses considering also albedo coefficient=25.0%
Average sum of global irradiation per square meter received by the modules of the given system:
Hm=2240 kWh/m2 (see table)
Estimated efficiency:
=10080/13440=0.75=75.0%
PV FIELD
PN [W]
VOC P [V]
VOC S [V]
250
59,8
358,8
500
I SC P [A]
I SC S [A]
I SC S
<
5,38
5,38
16
ISC M-S-I
OK
ISC T
<
20
ISC T-M-I
OK
-0,35
59,9225
359,535
500
V MP-P [V]
VMP-P-M A[V]
V MP-S-MA [V]
48,6
48,7225
292,335
400
VMP-P-MI [V]
VMP-S-MI [V]
V MPP MI-I[V]
48,4425
290,655
200
ISC T [A]
10,76
VOC S
<
VCC M-I
OK
%/C
VOC M-S
<
VCC M-I
OK
V N-S-MA
<
V MPP MA-I
OK
V N-S-MI
>
V MPP MI-I
OK
PV FIELD
INVERTER DATA
500
16
20
V MPP MA-I
V MPP MI-I[V]
[V]
400
200
%/C
V MP-P [V]
48,6
MODULES DATA
PN [W]
250
VOC P [V]
59,8
I SC P [A]
5,38
-0,35
ARRAY HIPOTHESIS
STRING NUMBER
2
MODULES
NUMBER PER
STRING
6
SYMBOL KEY
SYMBOL
PN
VOC P
I SC P
VOC S
VCC M-I
I SC S
ISC M-S-I
DESCRIPTION
UNIT OF
MEASUREMEN
T
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
VOC M-P
VOC M-S
V MP-P[V]
Module optimum
operating voltage
VMP-P-MA
Module operating
voltage at -10 C
V MP-S-MA
String Maximum
operating voltage
At -10 C
V MPP MA-I
Inverter maximum
MPP voltage
VMP-P-MI
Module Minimum
operating voltage at
+70 C
String minimum
operating voltage at
+70 C
ISC T-M-I
Temperature Coefficient
of VOC
ISC T
UNIT OF
MEASUREMEN
T
VMP-S-MI
V MPP MI-I
%/C
V
V
V
V