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It is desirable to decrease the phosphorous content of steel and the amount of slag in steel rening. For
satisfying this requirement recently, the importance of multiphase slag in steel rening has been given considerable attention. Normally, hot metal dephosphorization slag consists of the CaOSiO2FeOP2O5 system, and the industrial operation is mainly carried out in the dicalcium silicate (C2S) saturated region. It is
well known that C2S forms a solid solution with the main product of dephosphorizationtricalcium phosphate (C3P)at the treatment temperature over a wide composition range, and a high distribution ratio of
P2O5 between the solid solution and the liquid phase has been reported. In order to determine the ruling
factors on the distribution ratio, the inuences of MgO, MnO, and Al2O3 were investigated for various slag
compositions in the case of FeO or Fe2O3 as the iron oxide. First, a mixture of a standard regent was heated
to the melting temperature in order to produce homogenous liquid slag. Next, it was cooled down to a semisolid state: during cooling, the solid solution of C3PC2S was precipitated under the equilibrium condition.
For clarifying the inuence of slag composition on the distribution ratio, the ruling factors on the activity coefcient of P2O5 in the solid solution and liquid slag phase were evaluated. It is the contention of this research that the activity coefcient of P2O5 in the solid solution was largely inuenced by P2O5 and the total
solved oxide content of the solid solution. (log g P2O5SS )cal was obtained empirically in order to represent the activity coefcient in the solid solution. On the other hand, the activity coefcient of P2O5 in the liquid phase
was strongly inuenced by the CaO content of the liquid phase. On the basic of these correlations, it was
shown that the CaO content of the liquid phase and (log g P2O5SS )cal are the ruling factors on distribution ratio.
KEY WORDS: distribution ratio; activity coefcient of P2O5; added oxide to slag; multi phase slag; steel rening.
1.
Introduction
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Experimental Procedure
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Fig. 1. Mixing conditions of slag are shown on the ternary (a) CaOSiO2Fe2O3 phase diagram for the case in which
Fe2O3 was used and (b) CaOSiO2FeO phase diagram for the case in which of FeO was used.
Fig. 2. Experimental conditions for precipitation of C2SC3P solid solution, with (a) Fe2O3 used as the iron oxide, and (b)
FeO was used as the iron oxide.
LP
3.
(%P2O5 ) SS
............................(1)
(%P2O5 ) L
3.1.
Results
3.2.
Fig. 4. Changes produced in the P2O5 distribution ratio between the liquid and
solid solution phases by adding MgO, MnO and Al2O3 at different CaO
contents in liquid phase in the case of Fe2O3 as iron oxide.
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Discussion
In order to achieve better understanding of the phenomenon of distribution of P2O5 between the solid solution and
the liquid slag phase and to nd out the effect of different
oxides, the results of the present research and the previous
research by Shimauchi et al.7) was used for this discussion.
Because the liquid slag phase and solid solution are in
equilibrium the activities of P2O5 in the solid solution and
liquid phase are same. Then, the observed distribution ratio
is proportional to the activity coefcient of P2O5 in each
phase, as shown in Eq. (2). Where a is the activity; g , the
activity coefcient; and k, the coefcient for the conversion
of the mass percentage to the mol fraction. Subscripts
P2O5(Liq) and P2O5(SS) denote the activities and activity coefcients of P2O5 in the liquid phase and the solid solution,
respectively.
LP
aP O P2O5( L )
PO
(%P2O5 ) SS
k 2 5( SS )
k 2 5( L ) ...(2)
P2O5( SS )
aP2O5( L ) P2O5( SS )
(%P2O5 ) L
Fig. 7. Changing on the P2O5 distribution ratio between the liquid and solid solution phase by adding MgO, MnO and
Al2O3 at different CaO content in liquid phase in the case
of FeO as iron oxide.
that the temperature dependence of LP is very small, acordingly it is expected that a change in LP will be caused by the
change in the slag system (Fe2O3 or FeO).
3.3.
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Table 3. Composition of the solid solution phase (mass%) and the activity coefcient of P2O5.
than 2%. However, in the CaOSiO2P2O5FeO slag system, the FeO content of the solid solution is 38%. Further,
in the case of Al2O3 addition, the Al2O3 content of the solid
solution is less than 1%, but in the case of MgO and MnO
addition, the MgO and MnO content is 17%. Therefore,
the presence of an oxide other than CaO, SiO2, and P2O5 in
a solid solution (solved oxide) will inuence the activity
coefcient of P2O5.
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Fig. 11. Effect of total oxide content except CaO, SiO2, and P2O5
on the activity coefcient of P2O5 in the solid solution.
Fig. 12. Relation between the activity coefcient of P2O5 and the
CaO content of the liquid phase for two types of iron
oxides (Fe2O3 and FeO).
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Fig. 14. Relation between (log g P2O5,SS)cal and logarithm of activity coefcient of P2O5 in solid solution.
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the solid solution and the liquid slag phases was measured
for various slag compositions. In order to clarify the inuence of slag composition on the distribution ratio, the ruling factors on the activity coefcients of P2O5 in the solid
solution and liquid phase were evaluated. By this research,
it was claried that the activity coefcient of P2O5 in a solid
solution was largely inuenced by the P2O5 content and the
solved oxide content of the solid solution. (log g P2O5,SS)cal
was obtained empirically in order to represent the activity
coefcient of P2O5 in a solid solution. On the other hand,
the activity coefcient of P2O5 in a liquid phase was inuenced by the CaO content of the liquid phase. On the basis
of these correlations, it was shown that the CaO contentment of a liquid phase and (log g P2O5,SS)cal are the ruling factors on distribution ratio.
Fig. 15. Relation between the distribution ratio of P2O5 and the
CaO content of the liquid at different (log g P2O5,SS)cal.
Acknowledgment
We would like to gratefully acknowledge the ISIJ and
Steel Industry foundation for the advancement of environmental protection technology which provide the nancial
support of this research.
lated from Eq. (4) and the logarithm of the activity coefcient of P2O5 in the solid solution for all data presented in
Table 3.
From the above discussion, it is seen that the activity coefcient of P2O5 in liquid slag is governed by the CaO content of the liquid phase and the activity coefcient of P2O5
in solid solution is inuenced by (log g P2O5,SS)cal. Therefore,
the distribution ratio can be controlled by these factors.
Figure 15 shows the relation between the distribution ration of P2O5 and the CaO content of the liquid phase, for
solid solutions with different value of (log g P2O5,SS)cal. A
fairly good relation is obtained in this case.
5.
REFERENCES
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345.
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3) S. Ohguchi, D. G. C. Robertson, B. Deo, P. Grieveson and J. H. E.
Jeffes: Ironmaking Steelmaking, 11 (1984), 202.
4) K. Ito, M. Yanagisawa and N. Sano: Tetsu-to-Hagan, 68 (1982),
342.
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505.
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Conclusion
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