1

Braja M Das, Principal of Geotechnical

Engineering, fourth edition, PWS Publishing
Company, 1998, Boston
Muni Budu, Soil Mechanics and Foundations, 2nd
edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2007, USA
R.F. Craig, Soil Mechanics, (English & terjemahan
Prof.Dr.Ir Budi S Supandji)
Cernica, J.N., Soil Mechanics, John Wiley & Sons,
1995
Holtz, R.D., Kovacs, W.D., An introduction to
Geotechnical Engineering, Prentice Hall, N.J.,
1981
2

Definitions
Mohrs Diagram
Failure Envelope
Stress Path
Shear Strength Tests

Pn = W

Pn = W

Pn = W

Ps

Ps
Pf

Pr
No Friction
=0<
No Slip

Pr
Partial Friction
<
No Slip

Pf

Pr
Full Friction
=
Slip to Right
4

Amount of Available Friction Depends Directly

on Stress & Friction Angle
If Obliquity of Applied Stress < Friction Angle,
Only Part of Friction Acting
(No Danger of Slip)
If Obliquity = Friction Angle, All Friction
Acting
(Slip Imminent)

Soils generally fails in shear

At failure, shear stress along the failure surface

reaches the shear strength
6

The maximum internal resistance to applied

shearing forces (Budu 2007)
From Das (1988) Mohr presented a theory of
rupture in materials that a material fails
because a critical combination of normal
stress and shearing stress. The functional
relationship between normal stress and shear
stress on failure plane can be expressed as:

f = c'+ ' tan '

7

Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion

f = c '+ f ' tan '

f
c
f

:
:
:
:

shear strength
cohesion
normal stress
angle of shearing resistance

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1
f = ( 1 ' 3 ')sin 2
2
1
1
f ' = ( 1 '+ 3 ') + ( 1 ' 3 ') cos 2
2
2

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Effective stresses

Total stresses

h '

v '

, '

12

 1 ' = 3 '+
3'

3'

1'
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p-q Diagram
q
(p,q)

3'

1
p' = ( 1 '+ 3 ')
2
1
q = ( 1 ' 3 ')
2

1'

p'

14

p-q Diagram

3'

1'

p'

15

Direct Shear Test

Triaxial Test
Unconfined Compression Test
Vane Shear Test

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The direct shear test is the oldest and simplest

form of shear test arrangement
The disadvantages of the test :
the drainage conditions cannot be controlled
only the total stress can be determined
shear stress distribution on the failure plane is not
uniform
the area under the shear and vertical loads does
not remain constant
The advantage of the test :
the test is simple to perform
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Unconsolidated Undrained (UU)

Consolidated Undrained (CU)
Consolidated Drained (CD)

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Consolidated-Drained. Drainage of the specimen is permitted under

ConsolidatedUndrained. Drainage of the specimen is permitted

a specified all round pressure until consolidation is complete; with

drainage still being permitted, the principal stress difference is then
applied at a rate slow enough to ensure that the excess pore water
pressure is maintained at zero.

under a specified all-round pressure until consolidation is complete;

the principal stress difference is then applied with no drainage being
permitted. Pore water pressure measurements may be made during
the undrained part of the test.

UnconsolidatedUndrained. The specimen is subjected to a specified

all-round pressure and then the principal stress difference is applied

immediately, with no drainage being permitted at any stage of the
test.
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