AP Chemistry --Unit 1

In Class Problems
1.

Figure I shows a glass cylinder containing four liquids each of different density. Two of the liquids have been
identified. A table containing a list of substances and their density (at 25 C) has been provided. From the list
select a substance for Liquid #1 and Liquid #3. Briefly explain the reason(s) for your selections and for the
remaining substances the reason they were not selected.

Substance

g
Density (mL )

Mercury

13.5

Water

1.0

Hexane

0.660

Ethyl alcohol

0.789

Dichloromethane

1.33

Aluminum

2.699

Bromine

2.928

Gold

19.3

2a.Compare and contrast accuracy and precision.

b) Which set(s) of measurements are precise?

c) Which set(s) of measurements are accurate?

d) Which set(s) of measurements are both precise and accurate?

3a.

b)

AP Chemistry Unit 1

Explain the difference between an exact number and an inexact number.

For each case, indicate whether the result is an exact or inexact number.
(i)

The number of faces:

(ii)

The mass of six apples

(iii)

The number of seeds in the apples in (a)

(iv)

The number of feet in one mile

(v)

The number of liters in five quarts

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4. Complete the following calculations and record the result using the correct number of significant figures.
Answer to correct number
Calculation
of significant figures
0.347 0.0732
23.436 + 82.2
(8.25 x 0.14)
0.834
12.45
(6.536 6.476)
+ 2.091
99.003
5. The density of concentrated sulfuric acid is 1.84 g/mL. Concentrated sulfuric acid is 95 % pure sulfuric acid. What
volume of concentrated sulfuric acid contains 100 g of pure sulfuric acid?

6.

For each of the separation techniques listed below, give an example of how the technique is used to separate the
components of a mixture.

a) Decantation

b) Filtration
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c) Evaporation

d) Distillation

e) Paper chromatography

f) Liquid-solid chromatography

AP Chemistry Unit 1

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7.

Each diagram (A - P) show a sample of substances as viewed at the atomic level. Characterize the contents of the
container in terms of each of the following categories:
Category I. Homogeneous mixture, heterogeneous mixture or pure substance
Category II. Element(s), compound(s) or both
Category III. Solid, liquid, gas or combination of phases

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8.

Determine the number of kilograms in 115 pounds using 2 unit conversion factors.

9.

The approximate volume of water contained in the oceans of the world is 3.3 x 108 mi3. Determine the volume
in km3.

10.

Given the following elements determine the number of electrons, protons and neutrons.
109 Ag
a)
47
b)

24 Mg
12

c)

24 Al
13

d)

107 Ag+
47

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11.

a) Do the elements in the alkali metals group, the alkaline earth metals group and the additional metals aluminum
and gallium form positive or negative ions? What is the normal ionic charge for each group?

b) Do the elements in the halogen group, and the element oxygen form positive or negative ions (primarily)?
What is the normal ionic charge for each group?

12.

NaCl

CaBr2

K2S

Cu3N2

NO

SO3
P4O10

NO2
N2O4
13.

14.

NF3

___________

Many familiar substances have common, unsystematic names. In each of the following cases, give the correct
systematic name:
a) saltpeter (KNO3)

__________________

b) soda ash (Na2Co3)

__________________

c) lime (CaO)
d) baking soda (NaHCO3)

__________________
__________________

e) lye (NaOH)

__________________

f) muriatic acid (HCl)

g) milk of magnesia (Mg(OH)2)

__________________
__________________

h) dry ice (CO2)

__________________

i)

__________________

ammonia (NH3)

Write the chemical formula of each substance mentioned in the following word descriptions.
a) Zinc carbonate can be heated to form zinc oxide and carbon dioxide.

b) On treatment with hydrofloric acid, silicon dioxide forms silicon tetrafluoride and water.

c) Sulfur dioxide reacts with water to form sulfurous acid.

d) The substance hydrogen phosphide is commonly called phosphine.

e) Perchloric acid reacts with cadmium to form cadmium (II) perchlorate.

f) Vanadium (III) bromide is a colored solid.

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15) Practice naming compounds given their formula and writing the formula of a compound given its name.

16.

NH4NO3
KNO2

NaCN
BaSO4
Hg2O

Ca(ClO4)2
CuCO3

17.

18.

NaHCO3

HCl (g)
HCl (aq)

HClO
H2SO4

HClO4
H2CO3

H2SO3
H3PO4

Complete the following table

Formula
H2SO4

M, Molar
g
Mass mol

m, Mass of

n, Moles of

N, Number of atoms,

sample (g)

sample (mol)

molecules, or formula units

98.0

0.825
9.63 x 1023

Cr2O3
unknown

56.8

0.476

Mo
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62.8
8

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19.

Isotope
Relative Mass
20Ne
19.992 u
21Ne
20.994 u
22Ne
21.991 u
Find the avg atomic mass!

20.

21.

Per Cent Abundance

90.92
2.57
8.82

Two isotopes of chlorine exist in nature. 75.77% of chlorine is 35Cl with a mass of 34.96885 amu. What is the
mass of the other isotope of chlorine?

Determine the percent composition of each element in Ni3(PO4)2.

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22.

Determine the empirical formula for a compound which is 26.6 % potassium, 35.4 % chromium and 38.1 %
oxygen. The compound has a molecular weight of 294.2 g/mol. What is the molecular formula?

23.

Determine the amount of iodine produced when 145 g of KI react with excess copper (II) chloride.
2CuCl2(s) + 4KI(s) 2CuI(s) + 4KCl(s) + I2(s)

24.

In the reaction,
2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g) 4CO2(g)+ 6H2O(g)
Determine the moles of CO2 and H2O formed when 2.00 moles of ethane are reacted with 10.0 moles of oxygen.

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25. Calculate the mass of calcium nitride formed when 50.0 g of calcium react with 50.0 g of nitrogen according to
the reaction.
3Ca(s) + N2(g) Ca3N2(s)

26.

A common laboratory method for determination of arsenic is described in the reaction,

As2O3(aq) + 2I2(s) + 2H2O(l) As2O5(aq) + 4HI(aq)
a) If 2.50 g of As2O3, 4.50 g of I2 and 4.00 g of H2O are mixed, and the reaction proceeds to completion,
which reactant is the limiting reagent?

b) Calculate the mass of As2O5 which is theoretically possible.

c) If only 1.80 g of As2O5 is actually produced, determine the percent yield in the reaction.

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27.
An industrial method for the production of elemental zinc from its ore is to roast the crude ore in oxygen
and then react it with CO. The following reactions describe the chemical process,
2ZnS(s) + 3O2(g) 2ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g)
ZnO(s) + CO(g) Zn(s) + CO2(g)
A 10.0 kg sample of an ore containing ZnS was chemically treated according to the reactions described above
producing 2.85 kg of Zn. Determine the percentage of ZnS contained in the original sample of the ore.

28. A 0.00300 g sample of napthalene, a compound containing only carbon and hydrogen, was burned in excess oxygen
to give 0.0103 g of CO2. Determine the empirical formula of napthalene. The formula weight of napthalene is 128 u,
determine the molecular formula.

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