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DC-DC converter
1)
V0 Vmax .
LC -loop changes in
from i = I0 and end-
in the
RE /2.
T.
0
Fm = Fm
(d)d =
because
d = x.
kn
x,
dn+1
Therefore
L = LI0 /E.
2) (1 pts) Once the current I0 is reached, the key
is opened; the current trough L cannot change
i = 0 (then the diode will close disconnecting the LC -loop). During that process, the
2
1
magnetic energy of the inductor 2 LI0 is conver-
3)
k):
v0 = 29.8 km/s.
4) The speed vS
R.
K ),
and
ing when
duration
istor
I
I0
2
Vav
L
1
= LI02 Vav = I0
R
2
6)
LR
=
2L
EI0 R
.
2
found as
qC = L Vav /R
(owing to
RC LC ,
3)
V = qC /C = L Vav /(RC).
U0 =
4)
(2 pts) Due to
0)
yields
LI0 = Rq ,
I0
q = I0 L/R.
V0 ,
A = V0 q
performed work
RC -loop
2.
1)
Waste project
the Earth's orbit needs to be as large as posit to the elliptical orbit), hence the full orbital
GM m
energy of the ship E = 2a
needs to be as
small as possible. Here, M is the mass of the
Sun,
a needs to be as large as
2a = RE + rS ,
where
rS
RE
2a
RE + rS
r
vS =
Re
Sun
2)
2
vE
+ 2gR 29.2 km/s.
Magnets
T~ ,
is almost equal to
mg ,
kn
mg
=
.
dn+1
l
4.
Superballs
1)
During
the
bottom-most
collision
ball
will
(x/l)mg ,
x = 1 cm
the
its
oor,
the
speed
and
velocity
One can see that if we apply the recurrent formula repetitively, the result at the n-th step will
n
2
vn = 2 1+f
1 v.
3) Now we need to relate the speeds to the jump2
2
ing heights via v = 2gh0 and vn = 2ghn ; hence,
hn /h0 =
~m .
F
so that its
with
retain
m~g ,
T~
kn
mg
= 0;
dn+1
l
xmg
k
=
,
dn
l
Thus we
be
k
xmg
= 0,
dn
l
F = 0.
d/n = x, hence
n = d/x = 4.
3.
x.
equations we obtain
2rS
= v0 2 sin
v0 .
R E + rS
2
Numerically this yields vS 2.8 km/s; the speed
in the Earth's frame of reference vE = v0 vS
27.0 km/s.
vS = v0
GM 2rS
.
R E R E + rS
u=
kn
mg
dn+1
l
rE
F =
hence
where
LC -loop is
rbit
TLC = 2 LC
In order to
formed. That
loop admits oscillations of period
5)
K1
I0
.
2RE
Earths o
the
L Vav
I0 L
V
=
=
2
2RC
2C
A
V0 I0 L
V0 E
P =
=
=
.
L
RL
R
5)
The amplitude is
t=2
t is half
T 64.6 days.
For
f = 0.5
vn /v0 =
2
1+f
n
1.
and
height will be
5.
s
Planck's constant
1)
equilibrium
is stable if
F = Fm (x/l)mg . At the
point F = 0. The equilibrium point
a small (virtual) displacement x
x
F = Fm
mg
l
which needs to push towards the equilibrium
point. Let F
= kdn , where k is an unknown
940 nm
620 nm red, 590 nm orgreen; 470 nm blue; 450 nm
invisible (infrared),
ange,
525 nm
violet.
2)
through the
R),
be
Vd = E IR,
Ep
hc/(e).
if we plot
Ep =
IR = E Vd ,
IR
versus
1/,
we should obtain a
straight line
IR = E
3)
h =
as
steep as possible (while still keeping a reasonable t with the data points, and also as at
as possible; the uncertainty of
A = 21 (Amax Amin ), and h
6.
1)
4)
Mirror interference
1)
1 hc
.
e
A = hc/e,
eA/c.
3)
A is found
= hA/A.
as
For a position
= y/L
angle
imation; the angle is in radians). Then, the optical path dierence between the reected and
2
direct rays is = 2l cos 2N N .
Since there is an additional phase shift for the
reected rays at the reection from optically
denser dielectric material, the total phase shift
2
is = 2/ = 4N (2N 1). At the
maxima, this equals to
is an integer.
2(2N n),
Let us
vx vy point A with
2)
n + 0.5
yn = L
N
n = 0, 1, . . . N .
n + 0.5
,
N
x-axis,
the max-
(v, 0)
(0, v)
to a point
with coordinates
vx vy -plane
is
g .
Obviously,the fastest
path
is a straight line of length
v 2,
so that
3)
number of maxima
9.
from the condition that the probability of having either up or down orientation is one:
e/2 + A e/2 = 1, hence
1
1
A = /2kT
=
.
2 cosh(/2kT )
e
+ e/2kT
Thus,
/2kT
p =
2)
e
.
e/2kT + e/2kT
N e
e
N
E=
=
tanh(/2kT ).
2 e/2kT + e/2kT
2
max = 4N +
and
min = .
The
1)
hence
es to
4)
T = 0,
Q = q 546 J.
2) Each photon of frequency radiated by the
cube carries away heat energy equal to E = h ,
and carries momentum p = h/ = h/c = E/c.
If the photon departs at the angle with rehence the total heat energy
and opposite wave amplitudes and equal intensities). So, if we measure on the screen the dis-
ated by
tance
n/d = a/L,
where
vT =
RT /MH
1/vT ,
Q
a3
MH
180 m/s.
RT
b between
b b0
,
b0
d = nL/a.
perature.
dT
= Bt T = A eBt .
T
is a constant,
stant, and
1)
Thermal acceleration
dq = Cv dT .R There is
T
hence q =
Cv dT .
0
10.
Q
v 3 0.67 mm/s.
a c
1)
3 1.73,
2)
Spin system
1 = 1,
between
7.
etc).
t = v 2/g 7.2 s.
5 2.23,
momentum equals to
3)
1
If we apply the exact factor 3 (obtained above
via integration), we end up with v 0.22 mm/s.
maxima is written as
where
where
Running on ice
y,
where
b0
=
where
and
4N mg
,
d2
The data
The uncertainties
are calculated using the rule of relative uncertainties, either using Pythagorean or simple addition, e.g.
= b
where
b 0.5 mm
2
1
+
b b0
b0
uncertainty. Similarly,
= 2
d
.
d
error bars.
2)
value of
that for
1 > ,
it is impossible
1 < .