EXPLANATION

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How Day and Night Happen
The sun seems to rise in the morning, crosses the sky during the day and sets at night. However the
sun does not actually move around the earth. Earth's turning on its axis makes it look as if the sun is
moves.
The earth makes a complete turn on its axis for 24 hours. It is called as rotation. It causes day and
night. The earth also moves around the sun. It takes 365 days or a year. This process is called
revolution. The revolution process causes the changes of the season
How Earthquakes Happen
Earthquake is one of the most destroying natural disasters. Unluckily it often happens in several
regions. Recently a horrible earthquake has shaken West Sumatra. It has brought great damages.
Why did it occur? Do you know how an earthquake happens?
Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden
release of energy causes the seismic waves. It make the ground shake. When two blocks of rock or
two plates are rubbing against each other, they stick a little. They don't just slide smoothly. The
rocks are still pushing against each other, but not moving. After a while, the rocks break because of
all the pressure that's built up. When the rocks break, the earthquake occurs.
During the earthquake and afterward, the plates or blocks of rock start moving, and they continue to
move until they get stuck again. The spot underground where the rock breaks is called the focus of
the earthquake. The place right above the focus is called the epicenter of the earthquake.

Mainly taken from: www.geo.mtu.edu/UPSeis/why.html

How does Rain Happen?

Rain is the primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world, providing suitable conditions
for diverse ecosystems, as well as water for hydroelectric power plants and crop irrigation.
The phenomenon of rain is actually a water circle. The concept of the water cycle involves the sun
heating the Earth's surface water and causing the surface water to evaporate. The water vapor rises
into the Earth's atmosphere. The water in the atmosphere cools and condenses into liquid droplets.
The droplets grow until they are heavy and fall to the earth as precipitation which can be in the form
of rain or snow.
However, not all rain reaches the surface. Some evaporates while falling through dry air. This is
called virga, a phenomenon which is often seen in hot, dry desert regions
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Water Cycle

The water cycle has four stages: evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and storage. Water on
Earth gets stored in oceans, lakes, rivers, ice, and even underground. The oceans store the majority
of this water.

EVAPORATION: Water goes from storage into the atmosphere (the air that surrounds Earth) by a
process called evaporation. When water evaporates, it changes from a liquid into an invisible gas.
The gas is called water vapour. Water vapour goes up into the atmosphere.

CONDENSATION: As the water vapour rises, it becomes cool and condenses (turn into liquid again)
to form tiny droplets which can be seen as cloud.

PRECIPITATION: Water returns to Earth as precipitationrain, snow, or other moisture.

Precipitation requires ice or liquid water. When the ice crystals or drops of water in a cloud get
heavy enough, they fall to Earth as precipitation. Rain, snow, sleet, and hail are all forms of
precipitation. Most precipitation falls into the oceans and goes right back into storage.

STORAGE: Water from land flows into streams. Streams flow down mountains. Streams join
together to make rivers and eventually the water flows into storage in the ocean. Then the water
cycle starts all over again.
Answer these question:
1. How many stages occur in the water cycle?
2. What is condensation?
3. What is evaporation?
4. What is precipitataion
5. In the precipitation, the cloud fall to the earth and changes into ?
6. The kind of text above is?
a. Report
b. Explanation
c. Discussion

Long-shore Drift
Long-shore Drift is a process in which sediment is moved along the shore line. This form of mass

transport is the result of the influence of strong winds on the water, close to the shore.
Initially, the waves are heaped up long the inshore zone because of strong winds. Then, the excess
water consequently produced must get away. The next stage is the development of long-shore
current which runs parallel to the shore, moving in a direction away from the wind. Finally, the
sediment caused by the long-shore current is carried along parallel to the coast. Questions :
1. What is Long-shore drift?
2. Why did the Long-shore drift happen?
3. How many stages are there in Long-shore drift?
4. What is the purpose of the text? (to explain the process of natural phenomenon of why and how
long-shore drift happens)
5. Are there any passive voice in the text? Mention them all!
6. How many action verbs are there in the text? Mention them all!
7. Are there any conjunctions used in the text? Mention them! (move, heap, produce, run, carried)
8. What tense is used? Simple Present
9. Find the abstract noun from the text, noun phrase, action verbs from the text? Abstract Noun =
Drift, Zone, Wind, Stage, Development, Current, Direction, Wind, (NP = LSD, Inshore zone, strong
wind, LSCurrent,
10. Find the technical term from the text? (Process, Sediment, Currrent)
11. Decide the text organization? (General Statement, Sequent Explanation)

Bees are useful insects. There are about 20,000 kinds of bees, but only honey bees make honey.
Honey bees live in groups called colonies.
Each colony has one female queen bee, tens of thousands of workers, and a few hundred male
bees or drones.
Honey bees live in hives. Inside their hive, the bees make a honey comb of wax. The honey comb is
a kind of bee apartment building full of six sided rooms in which the bees raise young and store
food.
The queen bee lays thousands of eggs. Worms look like larvae hatch from eggs. Each larva
becomes a pupa, which looks partly like larva and partly like an adult bee.
Worker bees feed the young, clean, guard the hive, and fly to and from flowers. They collect tiny
grains of pollen and a sweet liquid called nectar for food. The pollen is food for young bees. Worker
bees use the nectar to make honey. Without bees bringing pollen from flower to flower, many plants
cant make seeds.
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A natural disaster is a terrible accident, e.g. a great flood, a big fire or an earthquake. It usually causes great
suffering and loss of a large sum of money. The casualties are injured or died. Some people are homeless and
need medical care.
Floods occur when the water of rivers, lakes, or streams overflow their banks and pour onto the surrounding
land. Floods are caused by many different things. Often heavy rainstorms that last for a brief can cause a
flood. But not all heavy storms are followed by flooding. If the surrounding land is flat and can absorb the
water, no flooding will occur. If, however, the land is hard and rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed. Where
the banks are low, a river may overflow and flood adjacent lowland.
In many part of the world flood are caused by tropical storms called hurricanes or typhoons. They bring

destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding. When a flood occurs, the destruction to
surrounding land can be severe. Whole villages and towns are sometimes swept away by water pouring swiftly
over the land. Railroad track blocked and uprooted from their beds. Highways are washed away.
When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze. Before the pumps were invented,
people formed bucket brigades to fight fires. Standing side by side, they formed a human chain from the fire to
nearby well or river. They passed buckets of water from to hand to be poured on the flames.
The damage of the fire did depend a great deal on where it happened. In the country or a small village, only a
single house might burn down. But in crowded cities, fire often destroyed whole blocks and neighborhoods
before being controlled.
(Soal UN SMA/MA IPA 2011/2012)
1. What can possibly prevent rivers and lakes from overflowing?
a. An absorbent bed.
b. A rocky surrounding.
c. A low land.
d. A high bank.
e. A high road.
2. We know from the text that . . . .
a. River can sweep heavy flood
b. People can make money from flood
c. The destruction by flood is always less severe
d. Water flood is absorbed by land
e. Typhoons caused heavy flood
3. We know from the text that . . . .
a. The pump is the only tool used by fire fighters now
b. The pump helps people to fight fires more efficiently
c. Fires in big cities are always very big
d. People no longer use buckets to control fire
e. Only firemen can control fires in crowded cities
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