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CIS

System Development and Life Cycle


-Participants: systems professionals, end users, stakeholders, accountants/
auditors
-accountants and auditors involvement: creation of IS entails significant Fin.
transactions
-nature of the products: Process of production
-accountants are users, members of the development
team, involved in systems development as
auditors
-Information Systems Acquisition
*In-house development: satisfy the specific needs of the organization
*Commercial systems: applicable to the specific needs of the
organization
-Types of commercial systems
1. Turnkey systems-completely finished and tested systems that are
ready for implementation
2. General Accounting Systems- designed to serve a wide variety of
users needs.
3. Special-purpose Systems
4. Office Automation systems
5. Backbone Systems
6. Vendor-supported systems
-Advantages of commercial software

-implementation time
-Cost
-Reliability
-Disadvantages of commercial software
-Independence
-the need for customised systems
-maintenance
-Systems development life cycle:
1. Systems planning: objective is to link individual system projects or
applications to the strategic objectives.
-Strategic systems planning: 3-5 yrs. ; allocation of systems
resources at the macro level
-Project Planning: allocate resources; Project proposals
&Project schedule
2. Systems Analysis: the foundation of the SDLCs
-systems analysis report
-survey step:
disadvantage: current physical tar pit; thinking inside
the box
advantage: old systems that can be kept; fully
understand the system; isolating the root problem
-fact-gathering step
-analysis step: systems analysis report
3. Conceptual systems design: produce several alternative conceptual

systems:
A. Structured design approach: top down; breakdown into
sub-components
B. Object-oriented Approach: build from reusable standard
components or objects.
4. System evaluation and selection:
A. perform detailed feasibility study
B. Perform a cost-benefit analysis
5. Detailed design: to produce a detailed description of the proposed
system that both satisfies the system requirements identified
during

the systems analysis and is in accordance with the

conceptual

design
-Perform a system design walkthrough
-the design is free from conceptual errors
-Review system documentation
-detailed design report documents and describes the
system to this point

6. Application programming and testing:


-Procedural languages
-Event-driven Languages
-Object-oriented languages
*Programming the system following a modular approach
*Test the application software
-testing methodology

-testing offline before deploying online


-test data
7. System Implementation: database structures are created and
populated

with data
A. Testing the entire system
B. Documenting the system
-designer and programmer documentation:
system flowchart and program

flowchart
-operator documentation (run manual): How to
run the system?
-user documentation: How to use?
Classification of users
1. Novice
2. Occasional Users
3. Frequent light users
4. Frequent power users

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