OUTLINE:

INTRODUCTION ON PERSPECTIVES
DEVELOPMENTAL PROCCESSES
DOMAINS OF DEVELOPMENT
CURRENT PERSPECTIVES
MATILDA RILEY
PAUL B. BALTES
SOCIALIZATION
SOCIALIZATION
PERSONALITY
HUMAN GEVELOPMENT THEORIES
FREUD
PIAGET
ERICSON
KOHLBERG
AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
HUMAN CONCEPTION
PRE NATAL DEVELOPMENT

INTRODUCTION TO PERSPECTIVES:
*From conception to birth
*Dietrich Tiedemanns journal (1787)
- About the sensory, motor, language
and cognitive behavior of his son until 2
years.
*Baby Biographies
*Developmental Process: Change and
Stability
> Quantitative - height, weight,
vocabulary, aggressive behavior, fre
quency of communication.
>Qualitative kind, structure, or
organization, emergence of new phenomena,
embryo to baby, vocabulary.
*Domains of development:
- Physical Development
- Cognitive Development (Intelligence
Quotient)
- Psychosocial Development (Emotional
Quotient)

*Current perspectives
- Life-span perspective
(no one factor explains it all)
- Selective Optimization with
compensation
(SOC) (Describe choices that determine and
regulate development and aging)
- Life- course perspective
(Experiences and adjustments)
MATILDA RILEYS
LIFE SPAN PERSPECTIVE
- Needs to view the entire life span to
understand a persons development
- Considers social, environmental and
historical aspects of ones life.
- Patterns of development of the society
- FOUR FEATURES OF THELIFE SPAN
APPROACH
o Multi-directionality
Different areas of
development grow and
decline at the same time.
o Plasticity
Skills and abilities can be
improved or developed
throughout the life span.
o Historical Context
Historical periods must
be considered in
examining development.
o Multiple Causation
Biological , psychological,
socio-cultural, and life
cycle changes must be
considered.
PAUL B. BALTES
LIFE SPAN PERSPECTIVE
Together with his colleagues identified 6 key
principles.
1. Development is life-long.
2. Development involves both gain and
loss.
(Multidimensional and
multidirectional)
3. Relative influences of biological and
cultural shift over the life span.

4. Development involves a changing

allocation of sources. (no one can do
everything)
5. Development is modifiable. (Flexible)
6. Development is influenced by the
historical and cultural context.

SELECTIVE OPTIMIZATION WITH

COMPENSATION
- Elective Selection reducing
involvement with one goal in order on
concentrate on another.
- Loss-based Selection- reducing
involvement because of lack of
resources or abilities.
- Compensation finding alternative
ways of meeting goals due to loss of
ability or diminished skills.
LIFE COURSE PERSPECTIVE
Emphasizes how
1. Personal events interact with
historical influences
2. Individual issues integrate with
family issues.
3. Earlier life events and the period
of history in which they occurred,
shaped a subsequent events and
issues.
SOCIALIZATION:
Socialization the lifelong social experience
by which individuals develop their human
potential and learn culture.
Personality a persons fairly consistent
patterns of acting, thinking and feeling.

SIGMUND FREUDS PSYCHSEXUAL

DEVELOPMENT:

Psychosexual pleasure all strong,

pleasant excitement arising from body
stimulation.
o Libido Psychosexual energy
- Latin word for
Pleasure
Stages:
o Oral birth to 1 years
Sucking, swallowing,
biting

Anal - 1 years to 3 years

Expelling and retaining
feces
Orderliness or sloppiness,
stinginess or
wastefulness,
stubbornness
Practice of self-control

Phallic 3 to 5 or 6 years
Touching penis or clitoris
Difficulty feeling
closeness
Male : Fear of Castration/
Castration Complex
Female: Penis Envy

Latent 5/6 yrs puberty

Sexual interest
suppressed
Non-sexual activities

Genital puberty onwards

Sexual contact with
other people
Incest taboo

JEAN PIAGETS COGNITIVE

DEVELOPMENT

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT THEORIES:

Lasting concerns with

independence and
dependence, pleasure
from eating, drinking, and
other oral activities.
Includes smoking and
kissing.

It is about how people think in certain

ages
it is based on his observation with his
three children.
o Schema Mental Structure in
organizing knowledge.
o Assimilation Respond to new
stimuli through existing habits.
o Accommodation Create new
ways of responding to objects.
Stages:
o Sensorimotor 0 2 yrs
Through the senses

Infants know the world

only through the five
senses
Seeing, smelling,
hearing, touching,
tasting
Pre-operational 2 7 yrs
First use of language
and symbols begins to
think mentally and
with imagination
Lacks abstract
concepts.
Concrete operational 7
11 yrs
Starts to question how
and why.
Causal connections
Formal Operational 11
onwards
Thinks abstractly and
critically

NOTE:
JEAN PIAGET PICTURED THE MIND AS
ACTIVE AND CREATIVE. ENGAGING THE
WORLD UNFOLDING IN STAGES AS THE
RESULT OF BITH BIOLOGICAL
MATURATION AND SOCIAL EXPERIENCES
LAWRENCE KOHLBERGS MORAL
DEVELOPMENT:
-

Built on Piagets work in studying

moral reasoning
How individuals judge situations
as right and wrong.
STAGES:
o Pre-Conventional level
SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
IN TERMSOF PAIN AND
PLEASURE

WHAT FEELS GOOD

TO ME
CONVENTIONAL LEVEL
FORMAL OPERATIONAL
STAGE
LOSES SOME OF
SELFISHNESS
RIGHT AND WRONG IN
TERMS OF WHAT
PLEASES THE PARENTS
AND WHAT IS
CONSISTENT WITH
BROADER CULTURAL
NORMS
ASSESSES INTENTION
IN REACHING MORAL
JUDGEMENT
POST CONVENTIONAL
MOVES BEYOND
SOCIETYS NORMS TO
CONSIDER ABSTRACT
ETHICAL PRACTICES
LEGAL LAWS VS.
MORAL LAWS
THIS MODEL MAY NOT
APPLY IN THE SAME
WAY TO PEOPLE
COMING FROM
DIFFERENT SOCIETIES.

CAROL GILIGANS GENDER FACTOR:

Male : Justice Perspective
Walang personalan
Female: Care and responsibility
perspective
Softer.
*The two sexes use different standards
of rightness.
NADAZHDA NIKITA E. CARNALAN
PAMELA M. GELERA
PSY21