Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Noncommunicable
Diseases and Related Risk
Factors
Presenters Name
Presenters Title
Title of Event
Date of Event
Learning Objectives
At the end of the training, you will be able to
describe the following for your country or region:
The burden of disease of the 4 main
Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs), and
How risk factors affect the burden of NCDs.
Lesson Overview
Noncommunicable Disease
(NCD): Definition
Chronic conditions that do not result from an
(acute) infectious process and hence are not
communicable.
A disease that has a prolonged course, that
does not resolve spontaneously, and for which
a complete cure is rarely achieved.
Characteristics of NCDs
Types of NCDs
http://www.who.int/gho/ncd/mortality_morbidity/en/index.html
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
Deaths (millions)
25
Other NCDs
20
Cancers
15
CVDT
10
Mat//peri/nutritional
Other infectious
HIV, TB, malaria
0
2004
2015
2030
High income
2004
2015
2030
Middle income
2004
2015
2030
Low income
http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_part2.pdf
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
10
11
http://www.who.int/nmh/events/2012/discussion_paper3.pdf
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
12
Knowledge Check #1
1. What are the 4 main NCDs that are the focus of WHO?
2. Which NCD is projected to cause the most deaths by
2030?
3. How would you describe the difference between
modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors?
4. What are the 4 modifiable shared risk factors?
5. What are the 4 priority metabolic risk factors?
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
13
14
WHO Website
Global Health Observatory (GHO): http://www.who.int/gho/en/
Provides data and analyses on global health priorities
Noncommunicable diseases
Mortality/morbidity
Risk Factors
15
Cardiovascular Disease:
Definition
Cerebrovascular
disease
(Stroke)
Peripheral arterial
disease
Congenital heart
disease
16
Cardiovascular Disease:
Definition (cont.)
17
18
19
Diabetes: Definition
1. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/
2. National institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2012
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
20
Diabetes: Definition
http://www.drugs.com/health-guide/type-1-diabetes-mellitus.html
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
21
22
23
Cancer: Definition
Benign tumors
Malignant tumors
24
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cancerlibrary/what-is-cancer
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
25
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/index.html
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
26
Cancer Epidemiology
Estimated age-standardised incidence and mortality rates: total population
http://globocan.iarc.fr/
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
27
28
Cervical Cancer
Estimated age-standardised rates (World) per 100,000
http://globocan.iarc.fr/
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
29
30
31
Lung Cancer
Incidence and Mortality in 2008: Both Sexes
Source: http://globocan.iarc.fr/
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
32
33
34
Breast Cancer
Incidence and Mortality in 2008: Both Sexes
http://globocan.iarc.fr/
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
35
Hormone therapies
Weight and physical activity
Race
Genetics or family history
BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes
36
Mortality Rate
Prostate Cancer
Year
http://globocan.iarc.fr/factsheet.asp
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
37
Prostate Cancer
Incidence and Mortality in 2008: Total Population
http://globocan.iarc.fr/
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
38
Colorectal Cancer
Aging
Black race
Unhealthy diet and low exercise
Diabetes
Family history of colorectal cancer
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/colon-cancer/DS00035
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
39
Colorectal Cancer
Incidence and Mortality in 2008: Both Sexes
http://globocan.iarc.fr/
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
40
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY
DISEASES
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
41
http://www.who.int/respiratory/about_topic/en/index.html
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
42
Aging
Populations
http://www.goldcopd.org/other-resources-gold-teaching-slide-set.html
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
43
COPD: Definition
44
COPD: Burden
http://www.who.int/respiratory/copd/burden/en/index.html
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
45
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs307/en/index.html
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
46
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001196/
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
47
Practice Exercise #1
1. Use the following website to determine the burden of
disease of the 4 main NCDs in your country or region:
http://www.who.int/nmh/countries/en/index.html
or http://www.who.int/gho/countries/en/
2. Spend approximately 10 minutes completing the
exercise.
3. Be prepared to share your responses with the rest of
the class
48
RISK FACTORS
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
49
50
51
52
Tobacco Use
Tobacco kills up to half of its users.
Tobacco kills nearly 6 million people each year.
Annual death toll could rise to more than 8
million by 2030.
Nearly 80% of the worlds 1 billion smokers live
in low- and middle-income countries.
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs339/en/index.html
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
53
http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/global/gtss/tobacco_atlas/index.htm
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
54
Mathers CD, Loncar D. Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Medicine, 2006,
3(11): e442.
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
55
Second-hand smoke
causes:
Heart disease, including
heart attack
Lung cancer
56
DIET
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
57
58
59
PHYSICAL INACTIVITY
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
60
1. http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/everyone/guidelines/adults.html
2. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673612608988
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
61
Lee IM, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair SN, Katzmarzyk PT; Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group.
Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life
expectancy. Lancet. 2012 Jul 21;380(9838):219-29
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
62
http://www.health.gov/paguidelines/factsheetprof.aspx
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
63
64
65
http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/global_alcohol_report/en/index.html
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
66
>
>
67
Long-term effects:
Liver diseases
Cancers
Hypertension
Gastrointestinal
disorders
Neurological issues
Psychiatric issues
68
69
Normal
Pre-Hypertensive
Hypertensive
Systolic
mmHg
<120
120-139
140+
Diastolic
mmHg
<80
80-89
90+
70
1. US Department of Health & Human Services, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
2. http://gamapserver.who.int/gho/interactive_charts/ncd/risk_factors/blood_pressure_prevalence/atlas.html
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
71
Heart failure
Peripheral vascular disease
Renal impairment
Retinal hemorrhage
Visual impairment
72
73
Sources of Sodium
74
Recommendations
Actual Intake
75
76
77
http://www.who.int/gho/ncd/risk_factors/cholesterol_text/en/
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
78
Elevated Glucose
79
80
Elevated Glucose:
Health Effects
81
82
83
84
http://www.who.int/nmh/events/2012/4November2012_PPT_RevPaper_TA.pdf
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
85
Knowledge Check #2
1. What percentage of cancers is attributable to
behavioral risk factors?
2. Approximately what percentage of the worlds
population does not get enough physical activity?
3. What percentage of the major NCDs worldwide is
attributable to physical inactivity?
4. Tobacco is a risk factor for how many of the leading
causes of death in the world?
5. Approximately what percentage of CVD is caused
by excessive sodium intake?
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
86
Practice Exercise #2
1. You will work individually or in pairs to answer the
following questions:
Which 2 behavioral risk factors or metabolic risk
factors have the highest prevalence in your country?
On which risk factors would you focus prevention and
control efforts?
How would focusing on these risk factors effect the
prevalence of NCDs in your country?
2. Spend approximately 45 minutes completing the
exercise.
3. Be prepared to share your responses with the rest of
the class.
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
87
APPENDIX
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
88
89
Stomach Cancer
Incidence and Mortality in 2008: Both Sexes
http://globocan.iarc.fr/
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
90
Smoking
Family history of stomach cancer
Helicobacter pylori infections, ulcers or polyps
Diet
High salt foods, smoked foods, and pickled foods
91
92
Liver Cancer
Incidence and Mortality in 2008: Both Sexes
http://globocan.iarc.fr/
Overview of NCDs and Risk Factors
93
Sex
Age
Chronic hepatitis infections
Diabetes
Cirrhosis
Heavy alcohol consumption
Obesity
94
95
For more information please contact Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333
Telephone: 1-800-CDC-INFO (232-4636)/TTY: 1-888-232-6348
Visit: www.cdc.gov | Contact CDC at: 1-800-CDC-INFO or www.cdc.gov/info
The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position
of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
96