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Management
Inventory
Management
OVERVIEW
Introduction
Objectives
Opposing Views of Inventory
Nature of Inventory
Factors Affecting Inventory
Costs in Inventory
Inventory Categories - Special Considerations
2013
Inventory
Management
Overview (Contd)
Departments of Inventory
Management
Functions of Inventory
Selective Inventory Control
Reorder Quantity Methods And EOQ
Reorder Time Methods
References
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Inventory
Management
INTRODUCTION
Inventory
Management
INTRODUCTION
Definition:
Scientific method of finding out how much
stock should be maintained in order to
meet the production demands and be able
to provide right type of material at right
time, in right quantities and at competitive
prices.
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Inventory
Management
Introduction (Contd)
Inventory
(money)
Goods in stores
Work-in-progress
Finished products
Equipment etc.
Basic inventory model
Output
Production
department
Inventory
Management
Introduction (Contd)
Inventory
Management
OBJECTIVES
Inventory
Management
OBJECTIVES
Inventory
Management
Objectives (Contd)
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Inventory
Management
OPPOSING VIEWS OF
INVENTORY
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Inventory
Management
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Inventory
Management
Finished Goods
Essential in produce-to-stock positioning strategies
Necessary in level aggregate capacity plans
Products can be displayed to customers
Work-in-Process
Necessary in process-focused production
May reduce material-handling & production costs
Raw Material
Suppliers may produce/ship materials in batches
Quantity discounts and freight/handling, $$ savings
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Inventory
Management
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Inventory
Management
NATURE OF
INVENTORY
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NATURE OF INVENTORY
Inventory
Management
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Inventory
Management
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Inventory
Management
Independent Demand
Inventory Systems
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Inventory
Management
for
raw
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Independent Demand
Inventory
Management
Dependent Demand
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Inventory
Management
Inventory Costs
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Inventory
Management
Inventory Costs
(continued)
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Inventory
Management
Higher
Lower
Total Annual
Stocking Costs
Annual
Carrying Costs
Annual
Ordering Costs
Smaller
EOQ
Larger
Order Quantity
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Inventory
Management
FACTORS AFFECTING
INVENTORY
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Inventory
Management
FACTORS INFLUENCING
INVENTORY
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Inventory
Management
COSTS IN
INVENTORY
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COSTS IN INVENTORY
Inventory
Management
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Inventory
Management
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Ordering Costs
Stationary
Clerical and processing, salaries/rentals
Postage
Processing of bills
Staff work in expedition /receiving/
inspection and documentation
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Inventory
Management
Holding/Carrying Costs
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Inventory
Management
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Inventory
Management
INVENTORY CATEGORIES
SPECIAL
CONSIDERATION
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Inventory
Management
INVENTORY CATEGORIES
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
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Inventory
Management
INVENTORY CATEGORIES
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
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Inventory
Management
2013
Departments of Inventory
Management
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Inventory
Management
FUNCTIONS OF
INVENTORY
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Inventory
Management
FUNCTIONS OF
INVENTORY
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PRODUCTS
PRODUCTS
DEMAND
DEMAND
PROCESS
DEMAND
.
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Inventory
Management
Functions Of Inventory
(Contd)
To permit operations.
To take advantage of quantity discounts.
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Inventory
Management
SELECTIVE
INVENTORY CONTROL
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Inventory
Management
SELECTIVE INVENTORY
CONTROL
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Inventory Control
Classification
A-B-C
V-E-D
H-M-L
F-S-N
S-D-E
S-O-S
Seasonality
G-O-L-F
X-Y-Z
2013
Criteria
Inventory
Management
High
Annual
$ value
of items
B
C
Low
Few
Many
Number of Items
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Management
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Management
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Management
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Periodic System
Physical count of items made at periodic
intervals.
Perpetual Inventory System
System that keeps track of removals from
inventory continuously, thus monitoring
current levels of each item.
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(Contd)
Inventory
Management
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Inventory
Management
2013
Pareto curve
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Inventory
Management
V-E-D Classification
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V-Vital :
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Inventory
Management
H-M-L Classification
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Inventory
Management
F-S-N Classification
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S-D-E Classification
Inventory
Management
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Inventory
Management
S-O-S Classification
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Management
G-O-L-F Classification
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Inventory
Management
X-Y-Z Classification
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Inventory
Management
REORDER QUANTITY
METHODS AND EOQ
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Management
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Management
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Management
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Inventory
Management
Two-bin system
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Inventory
Management
EOQ
What is EOQ?
EOQ = mathematical device for arriving at
the purchase quantity of an item that
will minimize the cost.
total cost = holding costs + ordering costs
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Inventory
Management
EOQ (Contd)
SoWhat does that mean?
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Inventory
Management
EOQ System
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Management
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Management
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Basic EOQ
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Management
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Management
Assumptions
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Management
Assumptions
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Management
Assumptions
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Total Cost
Inventory
Management
Annual
Annual
Total cost = carrying + ordering
cost
cost
TC =
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Q
2
Q
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Inventory
Management
EOQ Equation
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Inventory
Management
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Management
(Q/2)H = (D/Q)S
Q2 = 2DS/H
Q = square root of (2DS/H) = EOQ
Q OPT =
2013
2DS
=
H
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Inventory
Management
Annual Cost
Holding Costs
Ordering Costs
(optimal order quantity)
Order Quantity (Q)
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Management
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Management
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Management
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Inventory
Management
EOQ = 2DS/C
EOQ = 2(5,750,000)(595)/9.00
=
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27,573.135
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Management
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Management
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Management
Used to determine
production lot.
the
order
size,
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Inventory
Management
2DS p
EOQ =
C p d
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Management
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Management
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Inventory
Management
EOQ = (2DS/C)[p/(p-d)]
EOQ = 2(292,000)(5,000)/2.10[3,500/(3,500-800)]
=
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42,455.5
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Management
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Management
Step
2.
If the resulting EOQ is feasible, go to Step 4.
Otherwise, go to Step 2.
4. Compute the TMC for the feasible EOQ (just found in
Step 3) and its corresponding acquisition cost.
5. Compute the TMC for each of the lower acquisition costs
using the minimum allowed order quantity for each cost.
6. The quantity with the lowest TMC is optimal.
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Management
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Management
EOQi = 2DS/Ci
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Management
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Management
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Management
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Safety Stock
Quantity
Inventory
Management
ROP
Safety stock
LT
Time
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Inventory
Management
REORDER TIME
METHODS
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Inventory
Management
Intuitive methods
Systemic want-book system
Fixed interval system
S and S method (Variable interval and
variable quantity)
Single order and scheduled part delivery
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Inventory
Management
Intuitive method
-want-book is maintained wherein items are
recorded.
-when number of units in stock reaches to
determined point order is placed.
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Management
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Management
S and S method
- Here maximum stock and reorder levels
are predetermined.
- If the quantity is found to be less than the
reorder level, order is placed.
- Not a good system.
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Management
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Management
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Inventory
Management
Reorder Point
Assumptions
- Usage of the items is random.
- Demand during lead-time is random.
- Depletion of inventory is gradual.
- Average inventory is equal to one-half of
the order quantity.
- Lead-time is pre-determined.
ROP = reserve stock + anticipated demand during
lead-time
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Inventory
Management
Q
Quantity
on hand
Usage
rate
Reorder
point
Receive
order
Safety
Stock
Place Receive
order order
Plac Receive
order
e
order
Lead time
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Time
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Inventory
Management
Disadvantages of Statistical
Inventory Control
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Management
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Management
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Management
CONCLUSION
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Management
REFERENCES
1)
C.V.S.
SUBRAMANYAM;
PRODUCTION
MANAGEMENT
IN
PHARMACEUTICAL
PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT, VALLABH
PRAKASHAN, Pg No.292-312.
2)
3)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventory_management.
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Inventory
Management
EVERYTHING IS DIFFICULT
IF YOU CRY,
EVERYTHING IS EASY
IF YOU TRY.
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