00155-Indian Standard Code 883.1994

Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information
Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.
1 +, 1 +
01 ' 5
The Right to Information, The Right to Live
Step Out From the Old to the New
Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan
Jawaharlal Nehru
IS 883 (1994): Design of Structural Timber In Building

-Code of Practice [CED 13: Building Construction Practices
including Painting, Varnishing and Allied Finishing]
! $ ' +-
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
Invent a New India Using Knowledge
! > 0 B
BharthariNtiatakam
Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen
IS 883 : 1994
( Reaffirmed 2005 )
Indian Standard
DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL TIMBER

IN BUILDING - CODE OF PRACTICE
(Fourth Revisioti
/
m
First Reprint JULY 1995
UDC
BUREAU
MANAK
August 1994
OF
BHAVAN,
691.11 : 624.011-l
INDIAN
: 624.04
STANDARDS
9 BAHADUR SHAH, WAR

NEW DELHI 110002
MAR0
Price Group 7
Building
Construction
Practices Sectional
Committee,
CED 13
FOREWORD
This Inditin Standard ( Fourth Revision
finalized by the Building Construction
Engineering
Division Clouncil.
) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after thedraft

Practices Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil
This Indian Standard was first published as code of practice for use of structural timber in building
( material, grading and design ) in 1957 and was first revised in 1961. In the second revision in 1966,
clauses relating to specification and grouping of structural timber were deleted and these aspects were
covered in detail in a separate standard,
namely IS 3629 : 1966 Specification
for structural timber in
building
which was subsequently
revised in 1986. The third revision of this standard took place
in 1970. This is the fourth revision of the standard. In this revision besides taking into account the
revised version of IS 3ci29: 1986 Specification for structural timber in building (Jirst revision ) and strr ngth
data on additional species, the experience gained during the past years in using the standard, has also
been considered. The different species of timber available in the country which have been tested so far
and found suitable for construction purpjsea have been classified into three main groups based on modulus
of elasticity and modulus of rupture. The design of deep and built-up beams and spaced columns are
covered in detail. Safe working stresses of recommended
species and their relevant
pertinent data given
in this standard have largely been derived from publications of Forest Research institute, Dehra Dun.
In the formulation of this standard due weightage
the standards and practices prevailing in different
the field in this country.
This standard is one of the two Indian
IS 3629 : 1986.
Standards
has been
countries
given to international
co-ordination
among
in addition to relating it to the practices in
on slructural
timber
in building.
The
other
standard
being
For the purpose ofdeciding

whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final
value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or/analysts, shall be rounded off in accordance
with IS 2 : 1960 Rules for rounding off numerical VaheS
( revised ). The
number of significant
places
retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
Indian Standard
DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL TIMBER

IN BUILDING -CODE OF PRACTICE
(Fourth Revision)
3.1.5
1 SCOPE
Ii1 This
involved
buildings.
a) Timber
aspects
are
not
covered
3.1.6
in
use of plywood;
Design
of
fastenings;
d) Lamclla
structural
arch roofing;
e) Timber-concrete
Saced
of any-section
having
Column
Spaced columns are formed of two or more members jointed at their ends and intermediate
points
by block pieces
pile foundations;
b) Structural
C)
Solid columns are formed

solid core throughout.
standard
covers the general principles
in the design of structural
timber
in
1.2 The following

this standard:
Solid Column
3.1.7
timber
joints
Stress
Stress obtained after applying

ment factors ( according to the
to the permissible stress.
and
composite
Working
and
necessary
particular
adjustdesign )
construction.
4 SYMBOLS
2 REFERENCES
2.1 The Indian
Standards
listed in Annex
necessary adjuncts to this standard.
For the purpose

of this code,
the
letter symbols shall have the meaning
against each:
A are
3 TERMINOLOGY
3.1 For the purpose
of this
standard,
the
definitions
given in IS 707 : 1976 and IS 3629 :
1986, and the following shall apply.
3.1.1
Box Column
A column
formed
of four members
hollow
core.
Members
are joined
another
forming a box and provided
block at ends and intermediate
points.
3.1.2
Fundamental
having a
with one
with solid
~3 area of cross-section
= concentrated
depth
of beam in mm
DI -
depth
of beam
at notch
D,
= depth
of notch
in mm
= dimensions
or Ultimate Stress
stress which is determined

on small clear
with standard
specimen of timber, in accordance
practice and does not take into account the effect
of naturally
occurring
characteristics
and other
factors.
Permissible
Stress
3.1.4
A roof
applying
load in N
of least
in mm
side
the least overall

in mm
do
the least overall dimension

box column in mm
modulus
N/mm
factor of safety to
f ab
Purlin
member directly.supporting
or rafter and roof battens.
in mm
in mm
dl
Slress
obtained after
the ultimate stress.
of beam
of column
of column
in
mm
The
3.1.3
breadth
following
indicated
of
width
elasticity
calculated
bending
fibre in N/mms
average
stress in N/mms
in
of,core
bending
in
in
= length of the notch measured along the

beam span from the inner edge of the
support to the farthest
edge. of the
notch in mm
fso = calculated
rOOf Covering
of box column
stress
in
extreme
axial
compressive
IS 883 : 1994
calculated axial tensile stress in N/mm*
= the permissible bending stress on the

extreme fibre in N/mm*
fo =
f cnf OP
foe =
ft =
permissible stress in axial compression

in N/mm*
= horizontal shear stress in N/mm*
= moment of inertia of a section in mm4

- coefficient in deflection depending upon
type, criticality of loading on beam
X,
modification factor for change in

of grain
~10~
Ks c modification factor for change in duration of loadings

&I,
x;,
A-6
and
Ks = form factors
XT - modification factor for bearing stress
KS
constant equal to O-584
K.
constant equal to +
ffp
_UxE
WOP
_!%
KIO=
constant equal to 0.584
span of beam or truss in mm
M-
Maximum bending moment in beam in

N [mm
= shank diameter of the nail
p1 -
Q=
Q
Ql
S
t
w=
f CP
ratio of the thickness of the compression

flange to the depth of the beam
statical moment of area above or below

the neutral axis about neutral axis in
nuns
= a constant for particular thickness of
plank
= ratio of the total thickness of web or
webs to the overall width of the beam
= unsupported overall length of column
in mm
total uniform load

= distance in mm from reaction to load
permissible stress in compression normal

( perpendicular ) to grain in N/mm*
compression
permissible
stress in
parallel to grain in N/mm
-permissible compressive stress in the
direction of the line of action of the
load in N/mms
permissible stress in tension parallel to
grain in N/mm*
= constant for a particular thickness of

plank
= vertical end reaction or shear at a
section in N
= section modulus of beam in mms

= a factor determining the value of form
factor K,
= angle of load to grain direction
;
r
deflection at middle of beam
5 MATERIAL
5.1 Species of Timber
The species of timber recommended for constructional purposes are given in Table 1.
5.1.1 Grouping
Species of timber recommended for constructional
purposes are classified in three groups on the
basis of their strength properties, namely, modulus
of elasticity ( E ) and extreme fibre stress in
bending and tension (fb ). The characteristics of
these groups are given below:
Group A - E above 12.6 x 1GsN/mms; fb
above 18 0 N/mms
Group B - E above 9.8 x 10s N/mm* and
up to 12.6 x 10s N/mms; fa
above 12.0 N/mm* and up to
18.0 N/mm
Group C - E above 5.6 x 10s N/mm* and
up to
9.8 x 1Cs N/mm; ,fb
above 8.5 N/mm and up to
12.0 N/mm
5.1.2 Safe permissible stresses for the species of
timber (classified into there groups in 5.1.1 ) are
given in Table 1.
5.1.3 Timber
species may be
accordance with good practice.
identified
in
5.2 Other general characteristics like durability,

treatability of the species are given in Table 1, as
far as these are known.
The species of timber other than those given in
Table 1 may be used provided the basic strength
properties are
determined
and found in
accordance with 5.1.1.
Other species can be used at the risk of larger
sections and economy.
NOTE - For obtaining basic stress figures of the
unlisted species, a reference may be made to the Forest
Research Institute,Dehra Dun.
5.3 Moisture Content in Timber
Unless otherwise specified the moisture content of
the timber shall conform to the requirements given
in IS 287 : 1993 ( ste also Tablt 2 for rtcommendtd
moisturt conttnt bawd on tht zonaf division of the
country ).
w nominal thickness of planks used in

forming box type column in mm
2
1s JJs3t 1994
Table
1 Safe Permissible
Stresses for the Species of Timber
[ Clou~ar5.1, 5.12, 5.2, 5.7.1, 5.7.2 (b) 6.2, 6.3,6.4.1,

LocsUty
Where
Spedes
_______-_-------~
Trade
Prom
Tested
Name
Aversge
Unit
Mssm at
12 PerCell
M&rue
Modo?
Eluticit~
A~~r$s
Loe.don~
(3)
Kbaw
u.
I&u@ch
M. P.
Blrck
sirir
Bruguiera
( Mangrove
P.
6.4.2, 6.4.2.2, 7.5.8.4 (b) ]
Pcrmisssiblc
She.
I* N mm
ror Grrdt
,
-_---______h-____-_Shear
Along drain, Extreme
Ail Loc.slions
Comprt uion
c---*--T
Fi bre Srren
Parallel
co Gram
Horizon91onw
.----.--*--_-----1 --_*_---_
Grain
Inside
Outride
Wer
LOCaLO==LOCZiLOCalion
tmn
lion
-__
-__
._
!13)
(81
(6)
(7)
r----_-_
Bendina
and Tension
PrmerV8tIe
--p-----T
ComDrewan
Perpeodicular
r------.---y
R=fnct0rimenuA&
Cburcterm
to Grain
--_A____
tDurability Cti
Wet
LOCSt,on
_
-- (16)
(17)
I 009
13*4
201
168
131
I.55
2.21
13tl
123
101
77
6'0
49
I 086
1679
265
220
Ii6
224
320
179
15.9
130
109
84
89
:Treunbiliry
Grade
(18)
(19)
Madras
737
1354
187
156
125
I .53
219
I3 3
118
96
7.3
56
46
AndrnPnr
897
176 8
219
183
146
118
I 69
143
12.7
104
55
43
35
III
II
A
B
-
Dbaman
M adra,
788
1482
183
152
122
131
187
120
107
Karng
Madras
987
1691
25.1
209
167
151
216
164
116
Il.9
Hopea
.Madras
1479
21.3
17.3
112
153
2.19
145
129
106
99
7.7
63
HOptl
Madrar
923
1303
186
155
124
129
184
132
11.8
96
92
73
6.0
Ping
Assam
903
1320
I91
15.3
127
128
184
117
104
85
5.7
4.4
36
III
e
_
,081
87
6.0
*7
3.8
93
73
59
d
-
Mnua
A.U=lll
965
1630
233
194
155
I.23
I76
155
138
113
5-y
46
3.7
Bullet-wood
S. Andaman
I 103
1739
227
189
151
I 47
210
112
127
104
113
88
72
Ballagi
Madras
224
la.7
150
153
218
147
L3l
107
87
68
55
Madras
I 139
I 121
1629
Red saodtr;
1273
25.0
209
!67
174
240
I&l
161
13.2
118
92
75
B
A
c
-
Cboai
.4odaman
869
1506
215
179
143
105
150
125
II1
91
53
4.1
34
Padri
Madras
731
1294
190
158
127
112
160
119
106
87
40
31
26
111
Milla
.Mah.washtra
937
1301
182
15.2
121
117
167
126
112
92
95
74
6.1
Kakko
Andaman
642
1117
134
1 I2
90
I 08
1.54
90
80
65
44
34
2.8
Dbrura.
Axle wood
( Bakli )
u.
a92
1055
Itil
134
107
111
159
91
81
66
47
37
30
P.
Aim
Yadr.u
6110
I.05
104
797
150
-
014
Il. P.
1045
-
100
Babul
129
lo3
144
206
89
79
64
Saled
Mahar=htra
993
1228
230
19.2
153
165
935
139
124
101
99
77
Mundoni
Madras
690
l25Y
161
134
108
123
176
IO5
94
7.7
46
36
29
Aglaia
.\nlm
815
125-6
It)2
152
121
I.41
202
101
89
73
+4
34
28
Yen
Oriw4
Pt4
1167
17%
147
117
127
180
108
96
7.9
51
40
33
Juegli-nimbu
Orissa
897
1031
16.7
139
II.1
147
210
113
100
82
61
49
40
Jut1li
.&am
iYi
1137
17.1
143
II.4
117
181
II0
98
80
68
53
44
II
Amari
Ueogal
1025
105
134
11
92
090
I 30
t14
7.4
60
3.7
2.9
24
Pip11
W. Bengal
671
989
128
107
86
I 05
I49
79
70
57
35
27
12
II
-
.Amalrn~
II.
P.
865
1 In0
I92
160
128
I.43
Lo+
123
109
89
72
56
46
Maninwaga
hsnm
748
126.0
184
153
123
123
174
II.4
IO1
83
59
46
3.8
Dhup
Yadrrs
655
118%
133
II1
8.9
086
I23
81
72
59
28
2.2
18
&sod
M. P.
820
10511
154
l2R
109
0.98
139
108
9%
79
55
4.3
35
C
-
Cawarma
Orissa
769
1144
146
122
98
127
181
82
73
59
40
31
r5
III
Maharashtra
657
97.7
134
112
90
079
112
86
77
63
28
22
I8
II
e
-
Peon
M, P.
865
1169
182
151
121
137
196
109
97
80
6.3
49
40
111
Yl.dras
Ii15
12*3
147
123
~64
091
30
80
6.6
27
2.1
I7
111
Srrm
I<xan,
khair
wond
12 5
9H
I
3
92
75
33
52
2%
40
21
33
1
II
63
III
III
A
B
B .
C
table
,_-_____~_______~
Boraaicsl
Name
Spedem
LmaugFrrom Av;ye
Wbarc
Tnde
(1)
M/z
.*
12 Per.
CCIf
(3)
(2)
(4)
Modnlms
of
Ehd&,
(All Grrd..
md All
(5)
c------~----Bending and Tension

Along Grain, Fzwcme
Fibm Strcu
Prrmlmibl.
Strems In N/mm for Crsdc 1
---A-----ComprmiOn
Sbesr
P~nllel
to Grain
All laations
---*-,
__.__
___--_
-_
- - ---Comprrvwn
Pcrpendrculw
10 Grain
r-l--h----_
Wet
Lots
--,-
(6)
(16)
128
lo2
I03
148
99
IJTJ
7.2
66
52
12
Prtmrti*
Ch-r-ct*m
,---*--_
tDurabi$Trestlity C%w
ability
Gnde
(17)
1092
132
110
88
099
I.41
80
71
5.8
31
24
19
1171
125
105
a.4
077
110
7.9
71
58
27
21
I7
III
1334
145
I26
96
075
I06
88
79
64
35
27
22
734
1124
14.9
124
100
Ill
159
99
88
72
4.7
37
30
Pali
606
1186
139
II6
93
072
103
85
75
2.9
22
18
62
B
B
B
II
Ebony
776
1215
142
119
95
091
129
*3
73
60
33
26
21
043
993
135
112
90
098
I40
79
70
5.7
40
31
25
Gurjun
699
1271
156
113
90
071
I02
78
69
57
25
I9
1.6
II!
-
912
1483
159
13.2
IO.6
103
I48
90
80
65
34
26
21
I(r9
122
I74
1 I3
100
82
76
59
4.8
114
I62
92
82
67
58
4.5
37
Andmmt,
(19)
Ebony
Scuoriq
758
726
Red bombwe
(18)
745
Tnli
Eucalyptus
( Blue gum
Planchonia odido
( Syn P. o*donmtuc,
Qynrw
lomrllor.
Temed
Name
1 ( Codmuif )
A
A
-
B
e
053
1147
164
136
952
1194
118
123
98
778
1094
160
139
IO 6
121
I73
97
86
71
4.7
37
30
726
1273
135
113
90
091
130
90
80
66
40
31
758
1200
15.4
126
IO3
137
195
91
81
6.6
41
32
a72
1337
179
149
119
I27
IBl
II0
98
80
65
50
617
106.2
132
110
88
0.88
126
82
73
60
29
2.2
I8
34
28
Ill
Ill
25
26
II
(I
A
B
813
1088
168
14.0
112
110
157
101
9.0
73
4.4
617
1076
127
lo6
85
0 84
I20
82
73
59
34
26
22
734
1097
I)3
II9
95
I.55
87
77
63
37
29
24
II
885
l23Y
173
I44
Il.5
109
I.27
I81
110
98
8.0
56
43
36
692
loo0
124
lo3
83
I03
I47
82
73
60
35
27
22
715
1106
118
123
99
0 93
I32
III
788
1290
I(3
119
95
I 09
156
86
70
35
27
22
91
80
66
40
31
25
IO7
87
55
43
35
3.3
97
A
e
721
1124
17.1
143
II4
I02
I.46
120
a42
1283
174
14.5
II6
097
I38
117
lo4
85
53
SO3
1025
14.9
124
99
094
I .34
91
81
66
41
41
32
712
Ice9
15.0
125
100
122
I74
85
76
62
4.3
3.3
719
104.1
14.8
123
9S
117
167
81
72
58
33
26
21
Ill
913
131.0
161
134
107
095
I 36
108
96
79
4.9
38
31
111
26
27
Ill
e
-
Oak
w. Bengal
87.0
1244
14.5
121
97
115
I65
87
78
64
38
29
24
11
Oak
Meghalaya
974
100.6
131
109
88
I.1 I
I59
80
71
58
4.6
36
29
Qprrrtu inrona
Oak
Punjab
I 008
1082
158
131
lo5
122
176
87
7.8
63
50
39
32
B
-
II
Qwcur gqfilh:,
B/G
B
B
B
B
-
A
A
( Cmrimd
IS 883 t 1994
Table
r--_--Batamcal
Name
LaCllity Prom
Where Tared
Sptde.
~_---_-_--~
Trade
Name
Av;zp
Mass at
12 Per.
cent
M,,dmI.m
of
ElUdCIty
(All Grrdc,
and All
c----
1 ( tonlinurd
Pcrmiwslble
--__----Bending and Tension

Along Grain, Extreme
Fihre Strep
Shear
All Locations
r---*-_y
Stress ia N/mm
___-._
_-_
for Grsdc I
_________~______~
Camprrrswo
Parallel
to Grain
~-_--_-*_--_-~
Ioride
Loca.
Outride
LfXa-
lion
rion
Wet
Locatmn
Compreumo
Perpendicular
to Gram
c----*----_
In,ide
Ourrid<:
Wet
LUC&
LOCaL0ca
rion
tmn
tion
PrrscrNtic
Cb.rret...
r-_*-_
tDur=bi&Treatlitv Clam
ability
Grade
glcfr~ctod-.
to Air
sauonimg
_.
(2)
(4)
(5)
(6)
17)
(16)
!I71
W. Bengal
874
1263
132
127
101
I11
173
96
86
70
33
41
34
Punjab
834
115.8
158
131
103
1?7
I81
83
i3
60
38
29
24
II
-
(3)
Oak
Sal
M. P.
Robini
Madras
805
I II6
Mabnrasbtra
Nar,kel
Assam
Jaman
Assam
Babera
u.
(IO)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15,
1267
169
140
I I?
094
I34
IO6
94
77
46
35
29
215
179
141
162
232
150
133
109
129
100
82
II.2
721
1220
168
140
110
I56
12%
112
9:
68
53
43
1093
134
II8
89
0 84
I20
82
7.3
60
27
?I
17
III
841
1033
148
124
99
Ill
158
9.0
80
6.5
69
3.4
44
II
729
IO1 9
136
II3
90
096
137
84
73
61
37
28
23
117
104
83
67
52
43
171
142
Ilt
Il?
I60
Aslllll
733
1189
171
143
II.4
Ill
159
108
96
79
50
39
32
Black-cbuglam
S. Andamao
822
126%
168
140
:I2
I.12
160
lo3
92
75
51
40
32
II
Teak
Il. P.
660
99.7
IS5
129
IO.1
115
164
94
83
6.8
45
35
28
Kindal
Mabarashtra
765
105.7
13 I
109
8:
092
132
86
7.7
63
36
28
23
Lallrel,
Sain
Madras
906
1054
151
125
100
I10
I.58
94
84
68
6.2
48
40
White-cbuglam
S. Aodaman
690
1238
153
130
IO4
087
124
98
87
il
36
28
23
Bhendi
Mabarasbtra
766
1036
la.9
158
126
I 32
I.88
II3
100
82
44
34
28
111
-
e
-
IrUl
Mtlbarmbtra
839
1163
162
135
108
I28
183
109
97
7.9
78
60
49
W. Bengal
387
1063
147
122
98
087
124
93
84
69
34
2.6
21
ArUtlXbd
715
Ill7
152
12.7
IO1
120
170
IO.3
92
73
40
31
24
I
I
-
Mullilam
e
-
Cbe,tnut
Megbalaya
688
125.4
148
123
99
098
140
98
87
71
34
27
22
Eucalyptus
Nilgiri
831
1212
173
144
II 3
I38
I.96
II0
98
80
42
33
27
Eucalyptus
ooty
725
935
15.t
129
103
099
I41
86
76
63
3.0
24
20
Eucalyptus
Madras
777
1103
167
139
111
096
I.38
97
86
71
3.4
26
22
White
u.
P.
643
902
134
II2
89
098
140
85
76
62
43
33
27
u.
P.
6+7
614
IO.0
67
098
141
53
47
3.8
28
22
I8
siris
83
148
93
tJ3
68
45
35
29
154
80
7.1
5.8
40
31
26
77
63
44
34
1.8
III
3.3
43
19
I5
I.!
III
II
d
-
123
102
Haldu
663
854
133
III
89
096
I.36
t3i
485
188
97
81
64
069
fl.98
39
Assam
515
91.1
13.2
110
X.8
0.86
I.21
a.5
75
62
36
28
23
Hiwnr
M. P.
737
78.5
134
II2
90
I03
147
75
67
54
45
35
28
Black
wood
Madras
630
945
130
10 R
a.7
I 05
150
76
68
55
32
25
20
Black
wattle
Madrar
669
til0
104
66
69
II.83
I.18
60
54
44
23
I8
I5
551
735
99
82
63
088
125
59
49
40
21
17
I4
III
890
88.1
135
II2
90
I.40
2cm
8.8
78
64
68
53
43
III
705
91.6
132
II.0
88
I 08
I 54
7.9
71
38
40
31
?6
55
058
082
53
47
39
11
0.9
07
III
I28
I84
98
87
71
65
51
42
III
Aar pp.
Maple
Punjab,
Aqb m.rmrlor
( Sya. fntrtn btjueo 1
Bael
u.
U. P
P.
Andamu,
Gokul
W. Bengal
404
794
83
69
Kardbal
u.
Y29
975
170
142
P.
108
139
H9.8
I I;
B
B
104
946
668
82
617
W. Bengal
II6
92
Madras
Pitraj
Lathal
II
Cbaplash
III
1237
Arlocorpur
Acorio mclanoxylons
918
u. P.
-
Acncio mrwnrti
( Syn. A. mollirsimn
A
A
--
5Y3
Kadam
rhoploshn
1222
Anlhocepl&u
chinrnrir
( Syn. A. Codomba
Acaclo lrucophlocn
(19)
Jack,
(18)
Mymbalan
-
Lakoocb
Adinn cordif&*
P.
(9)
(81
B
A
B
B
C
A
(
Cmtmwd
,
IS 889 t 1994
Table
OpCd-
From
Tested
Locrlity
Where
_--_--\
Trulc
,-------_A.-
Name
Avemgr
Lhit
nlus
.t
12 PczCCDL
M&y.r;
sl
kg/m*
Modmlue
Of
Eh.&ity
(All Grsdcs
md All
I,ocrtioa~)
N/mm
_---________--~___*.
Bending
and Tenwon
Along Grain, Extreme
Fibre Strer,
,------*---Iorsde
Wet
Outride
LOCC
LOCh
LOC*rion
tion
tion
1 ( Conhued )
Pcrmis.iblc
Sbc..
is. N/mm for Grade 1

-------_--_
Compression
Pusllcl
10 Grain
c.--_*---_
Wet
Inside
Outride
LocaLOC&.
Locatioo
tion
tmn
Shear
All lwatiom
,-_--*---_.
H.XlZ0U
Along
1.1
Gr*Ul
----
_ -
(1)
(2)
dnranul
AlbiZin lrn~
(3)
Keral.
Aruonehal,
NeMll
u.
A. I.
(5)
(6)
(71
(9)
(8)
(IO)
(II)
(12)
113)
(14)
-.~
(15)
(16)
PrcS.Z.V8tiVc
Ch*.X!te*.
__-*-_-_
thrability Cllsr
--
-(18)
(17)
-__
833
94%
152
127
102
122
I59
108
96
78
73
5.7
47
566
851
107
8)
il
082
I18
73
65
53
23
I8
I5
._
836
852
146
12.1
97
129
184
100
89
73
50
39
32
Bibu
551
721
94
79
63
073
105
55
49
40
21
16
13
Llihnr
584
942
116
97
77
088
126
71
6.3
51
40
31
26
Birch
W. Bcngsl
625
92.3
96
80
64
076
108
57
50
21
22
17
I4
IJrkm
BihOpWOOd
Msdru
769
884
96
82
&5
079
112
5.9
53
43
36
2.8
23
III
A. P.
756
155
133
105
O?Ul
I.30
101
90
74
53
41
34
II
u. P.
889
837
131
109
H. P.
557
94.8
102
87
72
0.70
u. P.
506
84.1
88
7.6
62
057
88
103
148
100
082
dhup
B
8
A
c
68
56
53
41
7.8
69
57
27
21
17
69
62
50
24
18
15
c
e
c
C
Bengal
624
985
106
88
70
082
117
64
57
46
27
21
17
II
W. Bengal
666
835
II8
98
iY
105
I 50
71
w3
5.2
39
31
25
II
MalUnhtra
689
868
135
II2
90
095
136
87
78
64
40
31
25
III
Assam
569
1054
101
84
67
074
106
6.2
55
45
21
16
13
III
Mdru
471
65.7
IO.2
85
6a
049
070
64
56
46
20
16
I3
074
)
Wbitc
34
77
(1%
-___
Kaui
117
gRcfr8ctoriDCS. *o Air
Sc8modmg
fTrcatahlily
Grade
S&i
w.
ckukruti
odurin~
( Syn. C. T&&is
P.
(4)
-_---_
Comprrrrion
Perpendicular
to Grain
,_-----*__--Wet
Inside
Outride
Lo.==LOCaLOCSlion
rioo
lion
KenIs
761
734
92
77
61
105
95
84
69
39
30
2.5
M. P.
884
839
129
lo8
86
ID8
1-55
80
71
58
42
33
27
Punjab
799
714
128
IO.7
a.5
125
179
82
73
6.0
42
33
27
W. Bengal
647
861
12.1
100
80
083
118
7.3
65
53
27
21
I7
111
w . Bengal
622
756
118
99
79
094
I.34
71
63
52
35
27
22
III
Mah.r*1btra
818
769
109
91
73
085
122
70
62
51
33
2.6
21
II
W. Bengal
485
83.8
98
82
6.5
06Jl
085
b4
5.7
47
I8
III
14
I1
Madru
466
87.4
97
81
64
070
099
63
56
46
20
I5
13
MUhI
753
60.0
102
85
68
085
120
73
6-5
5.3
40
25
Madru
687
648
070
I00
31
69
61
50
40
31
2-6
Is. P.
571
758
Il. P.
501
702
M. P.
705
71.3
M. P.
852
664
u. P.
592
74.6
M. P.
616.
869
123
u.
P.
N. Andamsn
e
C
-
77
61
97
7.8
101
145
72
64
53
34
26
21
98
82
66
084
121
57
50
*I
42
32
27
14.1
117
94
I.20
I70
84
7.4
61
46
36
30
141
I I8
94
I29
I 84
90
80
65
74
56
17
IO.0
8.0
089
120
120
67
60
4-9
28
22
18
IO.2
82
067
096
79
7.0
57
34
26
21
III
-
92
Il.7
565
900
99
83
66
085
I22
58
52
42
22
17
I4
III
622
853
121
lo1
81
082
117
77
68
56
34
26
22
II
e
-
B
B
( Cmtiwd
Is
l
18 883 I 1394
Table
spcciem
Botanical
Lacdlty
Wbae
-----Y
y--P-
Name
Trsde
1 ( conlinucd
Prom
Tut-d
Nmne
u.
Jbingan
557
P.
563
71
85
57
064
0 91
4.9
4.4
(15)
(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
III
.C
36
22
I.7
I4
.
673
632
116
97
7.8
460
73.3
85
75
56
936
882
130
IO8
87
74
66
54
38
30
2 *4
083
53
*7
10
I8
I4
11
1iI
101
I44
75
67
55
63
)9
40
104
053
149
Orissa
661
912
122
101
82
0.9G
137
73
65
53
3.1
24
20
III
Mxhilru
Madru
521
763
lo2
85
G8
071
I 02
63
56
46
24
19
I5
III
Raini
u.
662
751
108
9.0
72
096
136
60
5.4
44
29
23
I.9
III
449
1037
lo9
9.1
i.3
068
0%
80
7l-
58
3.4
26
21
M.&go,
Aam
P.
A_
B
-
Cbmnp
w.
Bengal
512
82.5
109
91
7.3
072
I02
66
59
48
28
22
18
KGm
u.
P.
651
78.2
126
IO5
84
I 04
I49
79
7.0
57
37
29
24
IlE
98
ChUlp
W. Bengal
513
82
65
072
I03
61
55
45
I6
13
I0
II
Domul
u. P.
747
792
II7
97
78
I14
163
70
63
51
29
24
III
Mulberry
u. P.
743
820
I I8
98
79
100
I43
66
5-a
48
32
38
29
24
III
MUlb=lY
Ii.
P.
657
703
102
85
68
091
I.30
56
SO
4.1
26
20
16
III
BOls
And8llun
588
146
72
64
53
33
25
21
S8OdUl
M. P.
784
854
133
II.1
09
172
85
7.5
62
51
3.9
32
Bowurn
Asum
566
95%
132
110
88
084
121
88
78
64
28
21
18
II
ChiI
u.
P.
525
902
85
73
60
062
088
60
53
4.4
20
I5
I3
III
515
680
66
56
50
060
080
52
46
38
17
13
10
II
nonrum
Asum
511
765
97
81
65
070
101
66
59
4.8
22
17
I4
II
Rohu
Purotia
H. P.
761
57.7
125
104
83
115
I.65
68
61
50
40
31
25
III
513
73.8
89
74
59
057
074
58
52
)3
15
12
I0
881
73.2
131
lo9
87
I20
I71
80
7.1
58
43
34
2.8
Kail
Kbri
pine
North
Kikw
rioghi
J. & K.
Thirmin
Eut
S. Andamm
lOI
861
123
lo2
82
102
121
941
125
lo4
83
061
086
80
71
58
26
20
I6
II
915
119
99
79
083
119
67
60
19
30
23
I9
III
700
929
132
110
548
94 I
1044
87
687
95.5
657
696
I165
852
097
139
71
63
52
32
25
20
086
123
67
60
4.9
24
I9
16
B
B
533
88
B
B
752
696
135
113
90
085
122
07
7.7
63
3.2
25
20
III
II4
95
76
084
119
67
59
K8
20
16
I3
II
132
I I0
88
106
152
90
80
66
43
33
27
II
B
B
-
( Conrtid)
I
IS 883
t 1994
Table 1
,_____---*_-__---T
Botanical Name
Locality From
Where Tested
Sp2iM
I-rade
Avenge
IJoit
Mua .t
12 Percent
Moianre
Goatctlt
Name
Modolus
of
Elnaticity
(All G-d-s
*ad All
Locatioa~)
r__------------_---_Bending and Tension

Along Gram, Extreme
Fibre btrrsr
C----h____
_
Instide
Outride
We,
( conchdcd
Ptrmissiblc
Stress in N/mm for Grndc 1

A________________
Camprerrmn
Parallel 10 Gram
;~d,
__h_____~
\Vet
OU,ll&
LOC&
L0caLCXa-
Shea,
All locations
,-__-n--~
HO,U.OIl
Along
,a,
G,al
____
--_~
Comprrtrmn
Pe,pend,cula,
to Cram
,_-_-.-_h-__-_~
Outside
WC1
Inride
LocaLocaLoca-
(8)
Bihar
Chilauni
W. Bengal
693
Makai
Astam
KC0r.i
W.
Padri
u.
Teak
rhur muked
Fer Exam+
i) Sal tested
tested
iii)
Morut
la&gate
fllat&ication
Il.1
548
927
617
863
P.
721
M. P.
IO4
08Y
I.28
66
5Y
48
I8
it
IIL
IZY
71
63
5.L
2Y
21
I8
III
4.:
B-
Moderately
Non-refractory
(19,
091
85
092
I.32
74
66
54
q8
37
30
II
886
133
I I.1
89
098
I29
73
70
57
35
27
22
III
617
84 9
128
IO7
85
OS4
130
79
70
57
40
31
26
Arjun
Bihar
794
771
122
102
82
I60
74
6.6
54
52
41
33
II
Hollock
ASsam
615
96 2
II9
99
80
085
I21
7.6
67
5.5
2.!J
22
18
III
bomb-
112
N. Andaman
616
899
I I8
98
79
089
127
72
64
53
30
z3
I9
111
Yew
W. Bengal
705
779
143
II9
95
I 22
I74
87
i8
64
47
3.7
30
lmli
Madras
913
563
II4
95
76
122
I.71
70
62
51
5.3
41
34
TOOti
0.
487
640
73
58
0 70
100
54
48
39
24
I8
I5
II
Vellnpins
Madras
535
1095
96
i.6
073
I 05
i5
67
55
23
I8
U. P.
484
75-5
85
71
57
WE
Ill
48
42
35
I8
I4
I4
11
111
-
e
-
Ho,,ecbntnut
Tad (Palmyra)
A. P.
838
879
lo5
68
70
067
096
IO.0
88
7.2
4.7
36
27
P.
87
Il.5
Eucalyptur
Kamataka
804
953
128
lo6
85
078
Ill
72
r4
52
35
27
22
Eucalyptut
u. P.
781
703
124
104
83
112
I 60
i9
70
57
35
28
23
Eucrlyptw
T. N.
713
922
148
123
111
099
I41
85
76
62
2H
22
18
Euulyptu~
T. N.
584
793
128
IO7
8j
080
I-15
80
54
44
25
I9
16
Eucalyptur
U. P.
819
824
II5
96
7.6
I46
208
82
73
60
62
48
4.0
from other
Bihar,
localitier
thaw higher
rtrengtb
U. P. and Awarn can be clan&d
can be clurified
( Bole ) of Asaam can
at Group
be clnuitied
based 011 durability
ad
OData bucd cm ttrengtb pmpcrtiet

$Clattinicationt
bated on teatoning
C-
(18)
74
fmm Biba,
rrf,acto,y
LI
bi
92
Bengal
to enable
their
at Group
categorization
ia higher
group.
A tpeciet:
B rpeclet;
in Group
B rpecin.
test), etc.
above
but lerr than
120 montbt;
and
euily
t,catrble;
treatable
but complete
penetration
nor alwws obtained,
only part\ally
treatable;
refractory to t,e.t,twttt;
and
very refractory to t,catmem,
penetntion
of prerervative
Highly
79
* Irwfability Cradu
A -
9.7
life Iem tban 60 mootha.
a- Heartrood
b
Heartwood
c- Heartwood
d- Henrtvood
C- Heanvood
IOY
107
life 60 months
III-Average
II
211
life more than 120 mooch>;
II-Average
(17)
_I!,
1.4;
128
for preservation
CIOSS
I-Average
957
130
II.1
from Went Bengal,
Hnldu
15.5
! IG)
7.4
and tetted
ii)
1212
gnefr*ctori-
Y3
White
wae
*Species
1032
Kucum
Prcscrv*tivc
Cbrr.ctrr.
c_-*---_
tDu,abifT,ratabdity
lay Clru
Grade
at three
bcbaviou,
yea,, of age of Ilee.

of ttmbc, nod ,cf,arra,ioetr
( tlow and difficulty
refractory
reamned
frrc fmm turfare
being
w.,.t.
to Keaton free from rurface
j mayberenmoned
freefromsurface
and
may be npidly
in cae
where
practically
rncking,
and end cracking
end cracking
and tnd-cracking
wIthin
the lcut
dimension
nil even
tpliting
it mo,e
than 60 mm;
from the ends.
rod drying
rate:
):
reamnnblv
short periodt,
even in the open al, and sun.
given
a little
If not rrpidlv
protectloo
dried,
agaiott
they dovelop
rapid
drying
blue tlain
conditioot
and mould
): and
on the turface.
B
A
A
IS 663 : 1994
Table 2 Recommended hfois~
Content Valqes ( Percent )
or with, respect to nailing edge distance

and the general appearance.
( Clause5.3 )
b)
Z&s
( see Note
#-----_*--ll-_~
I
II
III
Sl
No.
Use
1.
Structural
ments
2.
Joinery ( doors
and windows )
ele-
)
IV
12
I4
17
20
10
12
14
16
NOTE - The country haa

the following
four zonea
variations:
Average
annual
than 40 percent,
relative
Zone II
Average annual
50 perctnt,
relative
humidity
40 to
Zone III
Average
annual
67 percent, and
relative
humidity
50 to
Zone IV
Average annual
than 67 percent.
relative
humidity
more
5.4 Requirements
The various other
timber for use in
IS 3629 : 1986.
c) All other defects unlikely to affect any of

the mechanical strength properties.
permissible
deSects
5.6.2.3 Besides
the
under 5.6.2.2, for knots, and checks and shakes
provisions given in 8.2.2 and 8.2.3 of IS 3629 :
1986 shall apply.
been broadly divided into

based on the
humidity
Zone I
humidity
less
5.6.2.4 Location of deftct

The influence of defects in timber is different for
different locations in a structural element. Therefore, these should be so placed during construction
in accordance with good practices that they do
not have any adverse effect on the member.
5.7 hitability
of Structural Timber
Treatability
requirements
of structural.
budding
shall conform
to
are two choices fbr normal good

structures as given below and listed in Table 1
( see also Table 1 of IS 3629 : 1986 ).
5.7.1.1 First choice
The cut sizes of timber stock for structural purpcses shall be in accordance
with IS 4891 : 1988.
The species of timber

following Categories:
.5.6 Grading of StructnraX Timber
5.6.1 The cut sizes of structural
timber shall be
graded,
after
seasoning,
in accordance
with
IS 1331 : 1975 into the following three grades:
c) Grade
II.
5.6.2 The prohibited

defects given in 5.6.2.1 and
permissible
defects
given in 5.6.2.2 and 5.6.2.3
shall apply to structural
timber
in accordance
with IS 3629 : 1986.
5.6.2.1 Prohibited defects
All grades of timber with the following
shall not be used for structural purposes:
defects
one
of the
Untreated
heartwood
of high durability.
Heartwood
if containing
more
than 15
may need chemical
percent
sap wood,
treatment for protection;
b)
Treated heartwood
of moderate and low
durability and class a and class b treatability;
cl
Heartwood
of moderate
durability
and
class c treatability
after pressure impregnation; and
Sapwdod of all classes of durability after

thorough treatment with prgervatives.
The species of timber shall be of heartwood

moderate durability and class d treatability.
of
5.7.2 Choice for load-bearing temporary structures

or semi-structurals at construction site-
b) Worm holes made by powder post beetles

and pitch pockets.
a) Heartwood of low durability

treatability; or
5.6.2.2 Permissible defects

defects are permitted
be any
5.7.1.2 Second choice
a) Loose grain, splits, compression wood in

coniferous species, heartwood rot, sap rot,
and crookedness; and
The following
of timber:
shall
a) Select grade,
I, and
in Respect of Durability and
5.7.1 There
5.5 Sawn Timber
b) Grade
Worm
holes other than those due to
po&der post bee&s; reduction in stqength
to be evaluated in the same way ias for
knots depending upon location and grouping of such holes.
for all grades
and
class e
b) The species whose durability and/or treatability is yet to be established, as listed in

Table 1.
a) Wanes, provided (i) they are not combined

with knots and reduction in strength due
to this is not more than reduction with the
maximupl allowable knots* and (ii) there
is no objection to its use as bezring area
5.7.3-Storing of Timber
This shall be in accordance
9
with IS 3629 : 1986.
IS 883 : 1994
6 PERMISSIBLE
STRESSES
6.1 Fundamental
stress
values
of
different
species of timber
are
determintd
on small
specimen in accordance
with standard practice
laid in IS 1708 ( Parts 1 to 18 ) : 1986. In these
values are then applied appropriate
reduction
factors given in the relevant table of IS 3629 :
1986 to obtain the permissible stresses.
6.2 The permissible stresses for Groups A, B and
C for different locations of use and applicable to
Grade I of structural timbers shall be as given in
Table 1; and the corresponding
minimum permissible stress limits shall be as given in Table 3,
provided that the following conditions are met:
4
b)
The timber should be of high or moderate

durability
and be given suitable treatment
where necessary,
Timber
of low durability
shall be used
after
proper
preservative
treatment
in
accordance
with IS 401 : 1982, and
Cl The
loads should
permanent type.
be
of continuous
and
6.3 For permissible

stresses ( excepting
E ) of
other grades of timber, values given in Table 1
and Table 3 shall be multiplied by the following
factors, provided that the conditions laid down
in 6.2 are satisfied:
a) For Select Grade
b)
For Grade
Timber
1.16
0.84
II Timber
6.3.1 When low durability timbers are to be used

on outside location, the permissible stresses for all
grades of timber, arrived at by 6.2 and 6.3 shall
be multiplied by 0.80.
Table
6.4 Modification
Stresses
6.4.1
Factors
for
Permissible
Due to Change in Slope of Grain
When the timber has not been graded and has

major defects such as slope of the grain, knots
and checks or shakes ( but not beyond permissible
values ), the permissible stresses given in Table 1
shall be multiplied by the modification
factor X1
for different slopes of grain as given
in Table
4.
Due to Duration of the Load
6.4.2
different durations
of design load, the permissible stresses given in Table 1 shall be multiplied by the modification
factor Ks given in
Table 5.
For
6.4.2.1
The factor Xs is applicable
to modulus of
elasticity when used to design timber columns,
otherwise they do not apply thereto.
6.4.2.2
If there are several durations of loads ( in
addition
to continuous ) to be considered, the
modification factor shall be based on the shortest
duration load in the combination,
that is, the one
yielding the largest increase in the permissible
stresses, provided the designed
section is found
adequate
for a combination
of other
longer
duration loads.
[ Explanation : In any
structural
timber
design
for dead loads, snow loads and wind or earthquake forces, members
may be designed on the
basis of total of stresses due to dead, snow and
wind loads using Ks = 1.33, factor for the permissible stress ( of Table 1 ) to accomodate
the
wind load, that is, the shortest of duration and
giving the largest increase in the permissible
3 Minimum
Permissible
Stress Limits ( N/mma ) in Three
Structural Timbers
( For Grade I Material
)
Groups
of
( Clauses 6.2 and 6.3 )

Strength
Character
Location
Use
2.
9
Bending
grain
ii)
Shear r)
Horizontal
Along
and tension
Compression
grain
iv)
Compression
to grain
y)
Modulus
of
( x 103 N/mm*
1)
The values
For working
applied.
1)
Group
180
All
locations
grain
2)
Group
12-o
Group
85
105
064
0.49
15
091
070
All
locations
iii)
Inside
along
of
parallel
to
perpendicular
elasticity
)
of horizontal
stresses
Inside
*)
11.7
7.8
49
Inside
s)
40
25
11
All
locations
and grade
126
98
56
shear to be used only for beams.
for other
locations
In all other
of use, that is, outside
10
and
cases shear along
wet,
generally
grain to be used.
factors
of 5/6 and 213 are
IS 883 : 1994
projected area of all material removed by boring,
grooving or other means at critical plane. In case
of nailing, the area of the prebored hole shall not
be taken into account for this purpose.
stresses. The section thus found is checked

to
meet the requirements
based on dead loads alone
with modification
X, = 1.00. J
Table
4 Modification
Factor K1 to Allow
for Change in Slope of Grain
( Clause 6.4.1
Slope
Kl
~-~---~--h_
Strength of
Beams. Joists
and Ties
(1)
(2)
080
1 in 12
090
0.82
1 in 14
0.98
0.87
I *co
(1)
9
Continuous
ii)
Two
( Normal
months
a) Bending
c) Stress
days
iv)
Wind
aud earthquake
v)
Instantaneous
or impact
shall be investiga-
horizontal
shear,
at the bearings,
and
d) Deflection.
(3)
1.00
115
7.5.2
Effective Span
The effective span of beams and other flexural

members shpll be taken as the distance
from of
supports plus one-half ?f the required
length of
bearing at each end except that for continuous
beams and joists the span may be measured from
centre of bearing at tbse
supports over which
the beam is continuous.
133
200
6.4.2.3 Modification
factor
KZ shall
also
be
applied to allowable
loads for mechanical
fasteners in design of joints, when the wood and not
the strength
of metal
determines
the load
capacity.
7 DESIGN
members
strength,
b) Maximum
I *25
Seven
more
Member
7.5.1 Such structural

ted for the following:
Modification
Factor, Kc
(2)
Flexural
7.5
Factor KS for
of Loading
Duration of
Loading
remove
7.4.4 In the design of an intermediate

or a long
column, gross section shall be used in calculating
load-carrying
capacity of the column.
100
( Clause 6.4.2
Ii:.
7.4.3 Notches
shall in no case,
than one quarter of the section.
(3)
0.74
Table 5 Modification
Change in Duration
iii)
,
Strength of
Posts or
Columns
1 in 10
1 in 15 and flatter
7.4.2 The net section used in calculating

loadcarrying capacity of a member
shall be the least
net section
determined
as above by passing a
plane or a series of connected planes transversely
through the members.
7.5.3
Usual
formula
for
flexural
strength
shall
apply :
fab =
CONSIDERATIONS
7.1 All structural members, assemblies or framework in a building,

in combination
with the
floors, walls and other structural
parts of the
building shall be capable of sustaining,
with due
stability and stiffness the whole dead and imposed
loadings
as
specifird
in
appropriate
codes
[ IS 875 ( Parts 1 to 5 ) : 1987 1, without exceeding the limits of relevant stresses specified
in this
standard.
7.5.4
<fb
Jorm Faclors for Flexural
The following form factors

bending stress:
Members
shall be applied to the
section For
rectangular
a) Rectangular
sections, for different depths of beams, the
form factor Ks shall be taken as:
Xs =
The worst combination

and location of loads
shall be considered for designs. Wind and seismic
be
considered
to
act
not
forces
shall
simultaneously.
0.81
D + 89 400
D= + 55 000
7.2
NOTE - Form factor ( Ks ) shall not be applied

for beams
having
depth
less than or equal to
300 mm.
b) Box beams and I-beams - For

and I-beams the form factor
obtained by using the formula:
7.3 The design

requirements
may be satisfied
either by calculation
using laws of mechanics or
by prototype
testing.
7.4
X1 = 0.8 +
Net Section
box beams
Ic, shall be
0.8~
Ds + 89 400 - 1
D -j- 55 OOO- >
8 ~1 +
3 P? ) ( l -
where
7.4.1 The net section shall be obtained by deducting from the gross sectional
area of timber the
Y = PI ( 6 11
q1) + q1
IS 883 : 1994
cross-sections - For
solid
Solid
circular
circular cross-sections, the form factor Ks
shall be taken as 1.18.
square crossSquare cross-section - For

sections, where the load is in the direction
of diagonal, the form factor Ks shall be
taken as 1.414.
7.5.5
e) Notched at upper
where e < D
H=
7.5.7.2
7.5.7.1
1OC ( 1-x ) ( x/D )

91[ 2 + ( x/D )* ]
>
V, its value will be
H+
H should be within the allowable safe permissible
stress in horizontal shear recommended for the
species.
Stfining
7.5.7.3 In determining the vertical reaction V,

the following deductions in loads may be made:
Shear
The following formulae shall apply:
a) The maximum horizontal shear, when the

load on a beam moves from the support
towards the centre of the span, and the
load is at a distance of three to four times
the depth of the beam from the support,
shall be calculated
from the following
general formula:
Consideration shall be given to the possible

distribution of load to adjacent parallel
beams, if any;
b)
All uniformly distributed loads within a

distance equal to the depth of the beam
from the edge of the nearest support may
be neglected except in case of beam hanging downwards from a particular support;
and
Cl All
concentrated loads in the vicinity of

the supports may be reduced by the reduction factor applicable according to Table 6.
*__Q
- Ib
Table
b) For rectangular
v=- F ( 1-E
After arriving at the value of
substituted in the formula:
Depth
All flexural members having a depth exceeding

three times its width and or a span exceeding fifty
times its width or bothshall be laterally restrained
from twisting or buckling and the dist.ance
between such restraints shall not exceed 50
times its width.
7.5.7
For concentrated
loads, V
face,
and for uniformly distributed loads,
The depth of beam or any flexural member shall

not be taken more than three times of its width
without lateral stiffening.
7.5.6.1
Pb[D-;$:)a
Width
The minimum width of the beam or any llexural

member shall not be less than 50 mm or l/50 of
the span, whichever is greater.
7.5.6
( compression )
6 Reduction
Loads
Factor for Concentrated

in the Vicinity of Support
beam:
Distance of Load
Q =+bxDx$-+bDz
from the Nearest
support
and I, =&
bD3
That is, H -
VQ
Ib
Reduction FActor
=
c) Notched beams, with tension

supports:
3 VD
HE2
1
d) Notched at upper
where e > D:
3V
260
15 D
or Less
2D
2.5D
3D
or More
060
040
020
No
reduction
NOTE - For intermediate

distance,
the reduction
factor may be obtained by linear interpolation.
notch at the
( compression )
face,
7.5.7.4 Unless the local stress is calculated and

found to be within the permissible stress, flexural
member shall not be cut, notched or bored except
as follows:
a) Notches may be cut in the top or bottom

neither deeper than one fifth of the depth
of the beam nor farther from the edge of
the support than one-sixth of-the span;-
H+
1
12
IS 889 : 1994
Holes not larger in diameter than onequarter of the depth may be bored in the
middle third of the depth and length; and
b)
C>If
holes or notches occur at a distance

greater than three times the depth of the
member
from the edge of the nearest
support, the net remaining depth shall be
used in determining the bending strength.
g)
bearing with a length equal to the diameter

of the washer or the width of the small
plate; and
When the direction of stress is at an angie
to the direction of the grain in any structural member, then the permissible bearing
stress in that member shall be calculated by
the following formula:
foe =
7.5.8 Beanng
7.5.8.1 The ends of Rexural members shall be
supported in recesses which provide adequate
ventilation to prevent dry rot and shall not be
enclosed. Flexural members except roof timbers
which are supported directly on masonry or concrete shall have a length of bearing of not less
than 75 mm. Members
supported
on corbels,
offsets and roof timbers on a wall shall bear immediately on and be fixed to wall-plate not less
than 75 mm x 40 mm.
7.5.8.2 Timber joists or floor planks shall not be
supported on the top flange of steel beams unless
the bearing stress, calculated on the net bearing
as shaped to fit the beam, is less than the permissible compressive
stress perpendicular
to the
grain.
7.5.8.3
Bearing stress
7.5.8.3.1
Table 7 Modification Factor K7 for

Bearing Stresses
[ Clause 7.5.8.3.1,
Length of
Bearing in
mm
15
Modification
factor, K-j
I.67
7.5.9
40
50
75
loo
150
MZC
140
1.25
120
113 110
1.00
7.5.9.1 The deflection in the case of all flexural

members supporting brittle materials like gypsum
ceilings, slates, tales and asbestos sheets shall not
exceed l/360 of the span. The deflection in the
case of other flexural members shall not exceed
l/240 of the span, and l/150 of the freely hanging
length in the case of cantilevers.
7.5.9.2
Usual formula for deflection shall apply:
Length and position of bearing
the permissible stress in compression perpendicular to the grain, fen is dependent

on the length and position of the bearing;
a=
K-values
= $
given in Table 1
for compression perpendicular to the grain
are also the permissible stresses for any
length at the ends of members and for
bearing 150 mm or more in length at any
other position;
For bearings less than 150 mm in length

and located 75 mm or more from the end of
a member the permissible stress perpendicular to the grain may be multiplied by the
modification factor K, given in Table 7;
&
b) The permissiblestresses
25
( c ) and ( f ) ]
Deflection
a) At any bearing on the side grain of timber,
fcp x fen
faD sins 6 +fcn toss B
No allowance need be made for the difference in intensity of the bearing stress due
to bending of a beam;
bearing
e>The
the net area
area should be calculated as

after allowance for the amount
of wane as permitted in IS 1331 : 1975;
bearing
f1 For
small plate,
mended
stress under a washer or a

the same coefficient reconfin Table 7 may be taken for a
13
( ignoring deflection due

to shear strain )
for cantilevers
free end,
with
load at
for cantilevers with uniformly

distributed load,
--& for beams supported at both

ends with point load at
centre, and
fdoth Ez;
distributed
w;pp,;;;mfs
load.
7.5.9.3 In order to allow the effect of long duration loading on E, for checking deflection in case
of beams and joists the effective loads shall be
twice the dead load if the timber is initially dry.
7.5.9.4 Self weight of beam
in design.
shall be considered
7.6 Columns
7.6.1 Solid Columns
Solid columns shall be classified into short, intermediate and long columns depending upon their
slenderness ratio ( S/d ) as follows:
IS 883 : 1994
a) Short columns - where S/d does not exceed
11,
b) Intermediate
columns - where
S/d is
between 11 and Xs, and
C)
Long
columns
than Ks.
S,d
where
7.6.1.1 For short columns, the

pressive stress shall be calculated
fc
is
com-
=fcLl
the permissible
by using the
fo=fw[
1 --$(
&)]
7.6.1.3 For long columns, the permissible
compressive stress shall be calculated
by using the
following
formula:
f c = o.329E
( 3/d Y
7.6.1.4 In case of solid columns
ratio shall not exceed 50.
S/d
of timber,
7.6.1.5 The formulae given are for columns with

pin end conditions
and length shall be suitably
modified with other end conditions
7.6.1.6 The
permissible
load on a column
of
cross-section
shall not
circular
exceed
that
permitted
for a square cc!umn of an equivalent
cross-sectional
area.
7.6.1.7 For determining
S/d ratio of a tapered
column, its least dimension.
shall be taken as the
sum of the corresponding
least dimensions
at the
small end of the column
and one-third
of the
difference
between
this least dimension
at the
small end and the corresponding
least dimension
at the large end, but in no case shall the least
dimension
for the column be taken as more than
one and a half times the least dimension
at the
small end. The induced stress at the small end of
the taperedcolumn
shall not exceed the permissible
compressive stress in the direction of grain.
7.6.2
Box and Built-up Columns
7.6.2.1 Box columns shall be classified into short,

intermediate
and long columns as follows:
Short columns
than
is less
4Xa
8,
b) Intermediate
is
-where
between
columns
where
L
columns,
the
long
stress shall be calculated
7.6.2.4 For
compressive
the formula:
permissible
by using
0 329 UE
a
S
fc =
___( s/ d18 + dz J
7.6.2.5 The following values of U and q depending upon plank thickness (t) in 7.6.2.3 and 7.6.2.4
shall be used:
CT
t
Q
mm
1.00
0.80
25
0.60
1.00
50
7.6.3 Spaced Columns
The formulae
for solid columns
as specified
in 7.6.1 are applicable
to spaced columns with a
restraint
factor of 2.5 or 3, depending
upon
distance of end connectors
in the column,
NOTE - A restrained factor of 2.5 for location of
centroid group of fasteners at S/20 from rnd and 3 for
location at S/IO to S/20 from end shall be taken.
7.6.3.1 For intermediate
spaced column the permissible compressive stress shall be:
fc =fcl, [ 1 7.6.3.2
be:
For long spaced
fc =
+(&,I
columns
the formula
shall
0,329 E x 2.5
( S!d )
7.6.3.3 For individual
member
S/d ratio shall not exceed GO.
of spaced column
7.6;4 Compression
members shall not he notched.
When it is necessary
to pass services through
such a member,
this shall be effected by mean2 of
a bored hole provided
that the local stress is
calculated and found to be within the permissible
stress specified. The distance from the edge of the
hole to the edge of the member
shall not be less
than one-quarter
of width of the face.
7.7 Structural
Members
and Axial Stresses
Subject
to Bending
7.7.1 Structural
members subjected both to bending and axial compression
shall be designed to
4 dP + dp2 comply with the following formula:
s
than Ks.
7.6.2.2 For short cc;lumns, the permissible

pressive stress shall be calculated as follows:
fc = QfCP
Kg 1/ d12 + d,=
8 and x^,, and
Cl Long columns
greater
-where
_---
fc = qfcrl
greater
permissible
as follows:

columns
compressive
stress is calculated
following formula:

columns, the permissible
compressive
stress shall be obtained
using the
following formula:
com-
fat
-f
+
fab
.
fb
IS
not greater than 1.
0
7.7.2 Structural
members
subjected both to bending and
axial
tension
shall be designed
to
comply with the following formula:
is not greater
1,
14
than
1.
IS 883 : 1994
ANNEX
( Clause 2 )
LIST OF REFERRED
IS Jfo.
287 : 1993
INDIAN
Title
IS No.
1331:
Recommendations
for permissible
moisture content
for
used
for
different
timber
purposes ( third rcoision )
401 : 1982
Code of practice for preservation of timber ( third revision )
707 : 1976
Glossary of terms applicable

to timber
technology
and
utilization
( second revision)
Code of practice
875
( Parts 1 to 5 ) : loads ( other than
for
buildings
1987
( second revision)
STANDARDS
1975
Title
Specification
for cut sizes of
timber ( second revision )
Methods of testing of small

1708
of timber ( second
( Parts 1 to 18 ) : specimens
revision)
1986
for design
earthquake
strtictures )
15
3629 : 1986
Specification
timber
in
revision )
4891 : 1988
Specification
for preferred out
sizes
of structural
timbers
( jirst revision )
for
structural
buildings
( first
Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standurds Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods
and attending to connected matters in the country.
Copyright
,&S has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form
without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of
implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.
Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.
Review of Indian Standards
Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that
no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users
of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by
referring to the latest issue of BIS Handbook and Standards Monthly Additions.
reviiwed
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc.Ih. CED 13 ( 4788 ).
Amendments Issued S&e Publication

Amend No.
Date of Issue
Text Affected
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

Headquarters:
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002
Telephones : 3310131,33113 75
Regional Offices :
Central
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg

NEW DELHI 110002
Eastern
l/14 C. LT. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Maniktola

CALCUTTA 700054
Northern : SC0 335-336, Sector 34-A CHANDIGARH 160022
Telegrams : Manaksanstha
(Common to all offices)
Telephone
3310131
33113 75
378499,378561
378626,378662
603843
{ 602025
Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, MADRAS 600113
235 02 16,235 04 42
235
15 19,235 23 15
_(
Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East)

BOMBAY 400093
632 92 95,632 78 58
{ 632 78 91,632 78 92
Branches : AHMADABAD.
BANGALORE.
BHOPAL.
BHUBANESHWAR.
COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD.
JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. PATNA THIRWANANTHAPURAM.
Printed at Printograph, New Delhi-5 (INDIA)

00155-Indian Standard Code 883.1994

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

00155-Indian Standard Code 883.1994

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

The Right to Information, The Right to Live

Step Out From the Old to the New

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

IS 883 (1994): Design of Structural Timber In Building

Invent a New India Using Knowledge

Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen

DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL TIMBER

9 BAHADUR SHAH, WAR

) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after thedraft

For the purpose ofdeciding

DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL TIMBER

Solid columns are formed

1.2 The following

Stress obtained after applying

For the purpose

stress which is determined

the least overall

the least overall dimension

= length of the notch measured along the

= the permissible bending stress on the

permissible stress in axial compression

= horizontal shear stress in N/mm*

= moment of inertia of a section in mm4

modification factor for change in

Ks c modification factor for change in duration of loadings

constant equal to O-584

constant equal to 0.584

span of beam or truss in mm

Maximum bending moment in beam in

ratio of the thickness of the compression

statical moment of area above or below

total uniform load

permissible stress in compression normal

= constant for a particular thickness of

= section modulus of beam in mms

deflection at middle of beam

5.2 Other general characteristics like durability,

w nominal thickness of planks used in

Stresses for the Species of Timber

[ Clou~ar5.1, 5.12, 5.2, 5.7.1, 5.7.2 (b) 6.2, 6.3,6.4.1,

6.4.2, 6.4.2.2, 7.5.8.4 (b) ]

c------~----Bending and Tension

--__----Bending and Tension

is. N/mm for Grade 1

r__------------_---_Bending and Tension

Stress in N/mm for Grndc 1

U. P. and Awarn can be clan&d

( Bole ) of Asaam can

based 011 durability

OData bucd cm ttrengtb pmpcrtiet

but lerr than

life Iem tban 60 mootha.

life more than 120 mooch>;

from Went Bengal,

yea,, of age of Ilee.

( tlow and difficulty

frrc fmm turfare

to Keaton free from rurface

and end cracking

from the ends.

even in the open al, and sun.

or with, respect to nailing edge distance

NOTE - The country haa