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KEYWORDS
Alloy 718
Weld Repair
5-Phase Precipitation
Boron Carbide Constitutional
Liquation
Liquation Cracking
Intergranular Fracture
WELDING JOURNAL
Tp
18.42
NDT
Al
0.5
Ti
B
Mo
0.033
1.03
0.0018
3.03
Si
0.1
Fe
p
W
Mg
5.04
0.0005
17.58
0.012
0.029
Cu
0.011
0.15
Ta
Ni
Balance
0.006
HT Condition
As-received
954CC (1750F)/40 h
954C (1750F)/100 h
JUNE 2003
Pull to failure
0.09
0.2
0.022
NST
wt-%
Nb
DRT
G)
'M.-
l. DeterminingNST
2. On-heating test
3. On-cooling test
Time
Fig. 2- Schematic of Gleeble hot ductilioy test procedutre.
---
>
be
TX
Fig. 3-Higl fraction of needle-shiaped intragranularand bulky continuous, intergramnara phasefrom long-temn isothiemial treatment. A-9540C/40 h;
B - 954C/100 hi.
Fig. 4- 8-phase dissolution during simulated HAZ tihennal cycles in Alloy 718. A - 8-phase "thickening" at NDT of thle as-received material; B- dissolving s-phasenenvork atNDT of 954'C140 h treated material; C - 8phlase "rounding"at NST of thie as-received material (liquatedboron carbide is indicated); D - interconnectedcluster of B- and Nb-rich eutectic constituentsfrom dissolved 8-phase along grain bounidaries atNST of 954C/100 1h-treated
material.
tion of Ni 3Nb. In Alloy 718, its precipitation temperature range is from 650 to
1050C (Refs. 9, 10). 6 phase will dissolve
above the upper temperature limit. Upon
dissolution, the surrounding y-nickel matrix is enriched in Nb, both intra- and intergranularly depending on the 6-phase
WELDING JOURNAL
A f XLJDJ
fi~ItLt7lt
~
Ni
;
4I__________________
Fig. 5- 5-phase dissolutiongradientin DRTspecimens. A -As-received; B - 954'C1100h:treated condition (arrowvs indicateeutectic constituentsformed
in the cores of original Spitase).
NDT
NST
DRT
As-received
954C/40 h
954C/IO h
1199C
1274C
1272 0C
1276C
1171C
1158C
1149C
1240'C
1240*C
1240C
l191'C
1190'C
in formation of Nb-rich eutectic constituents, as has been observed in the current research.
Figure 4 shows microstructural evidence of 8-phase dissolution and associated liquation. The dissolution of the o
phase results in Nb enrichment at the
grain boundary that gives rise to the different etching characteristic of the boundary. The Nb-enriched boundary varied as
a function of the peak temperature
reached during the hot ductility test and is
manifested microstructurally by different
morphologies. At the NDT, the mi-
':
JUNE 2003
LTR
103C 114C
127C
T;DRT
69C
82'C
91C
A T4
k
-k
'
~ ~
tw
:~~~~~~~
Cl;~
'
Fig. 7-Fractograplzyof954C140 1:-treated specimens A-IGfeatulrc at NDT; B -detail of Fig. 7A shlowing terracednipplepattemn witht particlesdispersed at NDT; C-detailoft/iceliquated bomnt carbide; D-terracedripplepattern of liquiadflowv trace atDRT:
WELDING JOURNAL
YL DA 4
kk
Fig. 8-Morphology of boron carbidesandMC carbidesin a DRTspecimen. A-SEMsho)ving rounded 8 phase and associatedliquation; B-BSE image
differentiatingphasesin dle y-nickel matrix.
Conclusions
1) Simulated multiple PWHT cycles
using equivalent long-term isothermal
heat treatments (954C/40-100 h) resulted in extensive precipitation of needleand plate-shaped o phase in the y-nickel
matrix, which is the major metallurgical
change relative to the starting plate material. Grain size did not change appreciably
during these heat treatments due to grain
boundary pinning by the 8 phase.
2) Gleeble hot ductility testing showed
weldability (resistance to I-IAZ liquation
cracking) of Alloy 718 degraded as a consequence of the simulated multiple
PWI-IT cycles.
3) The degradation of weldability results from grain boundary liquation resulting primarily from the 8-phase dissolution and associated Nb enrichment of the
grain boundary. Constitutional liquation
of boron-rich carbides was also observed
and may contribute to the grain boundary
liquation.
Acknowledgment
The authors wish to thank Edison
Welding Institute for supporting this research.
JUNE 2003
References
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