Chapter 2.

Physical and Chemical Properties

of Water

Water carries a dipole because of the geometry of the

two oxygen-hydrogen bonds.

1. CORRECT. This statement is not accurate. Non-polar

substances cannot interact or associate with polar water
molecules.

Substances with polar functional groups are generally

soluble in water.
Water will act as a hydrogen bond acceptor with
hydroxyl groups.

Which of the following statements is not accurate when

considering water and biological molecules?

The hydrophobic effect is driven largely by the

entropy of the non-polar substance.

Polar substances are soluble because of their

interaction with water.

A network of electrostatic interactions exists between

the molecules in water.

Water can act as a hydrogen bond acceptor.

Non-polar substances associate with water to
maximize their exposed surface area.
Water can act as a hydrogen bond donor.

7. CORRECT. Neither an ester nor an aldehyde contains a

hydrogen bond donor atom.
Which of the following functional groups could NOT act as a
hydrogen bond donor?
Both aldehyde and ester.

2. CORRECT. All of the bonding interactions listed are

classified as non-covalent.
Which of the following types of bonding interactions
is NOT classified as non-covalent?

8. An amphiphilic molecule:
Has non-polar groups.

Hydrogen bonding.
Has both polar and non-polar groups.
Electrostatic interactions.
Has polar groups.
Van der Waals.
Has neither polar nor non-polar groups.
Dipole-Dipole interactions.
None of the above.

9-12. The polarity of the OH bond is caused by the

of oxygen relative to that

higher electronegativity
of

3. Which of the following correctly lists bonding interactions in

terms of their increasing strength:
Van der Waals interactions<hydrogen bonding<ionic
interactions<covalent bonds
4. Which of the following statements accurately describes
hydrogen bonds in water at room temperature?
A. The hydrogen bonds are a constantly changing
network.

hydrogen.

For

the

hydrogen bond
represented by D-H----A, the donor D is weakly acidic and the
acceptor A is weakly basic. Octane molecules dispersed in
water tend to aggregate because that allows water molecules
to
be
more
.
The

disordered
insolubility of nonpolar molecules in water is due to the large
, which is the result of

negative entropy

B. There is a network of interactions where each

water molecule is hydrogen bonded to 3 other water
molecules.

water molecules forming an ordered network surrounding

nonpolar molecules.

C. There is an organized and regular network of

interactions between water molecules.

13. The strongest noncovalent interactions are ionic

interactions

5. CORRECT. In a hydronium ion, one of the two lone pairs of

electrons on the oxygen atom interacts with a hydrogen ion.
However, the other lone pair is still available to act as a
hydrogen bond acceptor.
A hydronium ion (H3O+) has the potential to be a hydrogen
bond acceptor.
True.
6.CORRECT. This statement is false. The hydrophobic effect is
driven largely by changes in the entropy of water.
Which of the following statements about water is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about water is incorrect?

Cations are solvated by shells of water molecules
oriented with their hydrogen atoms pointed toward
the ions.
Amphiphilic detergents often form micelles with the
polar groups on the outside exposed to water
(solvent) and the nonpolar groups sequestered in the
interior.
Nonpolar molecules do not dissolve in water, but form
a separate phase.

Water is an excellent solvent for polar molecules.

Pure water has a concentration of approximately 55.5
M.

A van der Waals interaction between two methyl

groups.
A covalent bond between the O and H atoms of water.
An ionic interaction between a carboxylic acid and an
amine.

14. Molecules such as methanol and ethanol are very soluble

in water because they contain OH groups that can form
multiple H-bonds with water.
Which of the following is the best explanation for the
hydrophobic effect?
It is caused by the affinity of water for hydrophobic
groups.
It is an entropic effect, caused by the desire of water
molecules to increase their entropy by forming highly
ordered structures around the hydrophobic groups.
It is an entropic effect, caused by the desire of water
molecules to increase their entropy by excluding
hydrophobic groups, which they must otherwise
surround with highly ordered structures.
It is an entropic effect caused by the desire of
hydrophobic groups to increase their entropy by
associating with other hydrophobic groups.
It is caused by an affinity of hydrophobic groups for
each other.
15. In the energetics of transferring hydrocarbons from water
to nonpolar solvents, the factor TS is commonly positive
16. Globules of up to several thousand amphiphilic molecules
arranged with the hydrophilic groups on the surface and the
hydrophobic groups buried in the center that form in water
are called micelles.
17. TRUE. Molecules in liquid water are each hydrogen
bonded to four nearest neighbors, as they are in ice. These
hydrogen bonds are distorted, however, so the networks of
linked molecules are irregular and varied whereas they are
ordered in ice, where each water molecule is tetrahedrally
surrounded by four nearest neighbors to which it is hydrogen
bonded.
18. TRUE.
Ionic or electrostatic interactions occur between two groups of
opposite charge.
19. TRUE. Ionic or electrostatic interactions occur between
two groups of opposite charge.
20. TRUE. Hydrophobic or nonpolar substances are insoluble
in water.

21. CORRECT. This is the weakest interaction.

A hydrogen bond between two water molecules.

22. The negative oxygen atom interacts with positive ions,

and the positive hydrogen atoms interact with negative ions.
Which statement best explains why water can solvate both
negative and positive ions?
It can hydrogen bond.
It is dipolar.
It is very small.
It can ionize.

23. Liquid water has a greater density than ice: The density of
ice is 0.92 gmL-1 whereas the density of liquid water, 1.0
gmL-1
Which of the properties listed is NOT true of liquid water?

Liquid water is less dense than ice.

Liquid water tends to form hydrogen bonded rings of
three to seven molecules.
Liquid water consists of a rapidly fluctuating, threedimensional network of hydrogen-bonded molecules.
Liquid water is only 15% less hydrogen bonded than
ice at 0o C.
24. The C-H bond lacks polarity.
Which radical (where radical means part of a molecule) shown
cannot make a hydrogen bond to water?

-NH2
-CH_3
-OH
-COOH

25. The inability to form sufficient hydrogen bonds with water

leads to their exclusion from solution.
Which statement best explains why nonpolar substances have
low solubility in water?

Which is the weakest interaction?

They are much larger than water.

They have strong mutual attractions.

They cannot form hydrogen bonds to water.
They are much denser than water.