STOICHIOMETRY PLUS . . .

UNIT 02: CHAPTERS 1, 2, & 3

EXAMPLES FROM NOTES
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Example 1: Analysis of a sample of pure table salt, whos mass is 3.20g shows that the sample contains 1.26g of sodium and
1.94g of chlorine.
(a) How many grams of sodium does a 451g sample of table salt contain?
(b) Calculate the percentage of sodium and chlorine in both of the above samples of salt.
(c) Calculate the percentage composition from the empirical formula.

Example 2: The elements carbon and oxygen form two different compounds. The first contains 42.9% by mass of carbon
and 57.1% by mass of oxygen. In the second compound, the percentages of carbon and oxygen are 27.37 and 72.7, respectively.
Show how these data are consistent with the Law of Multiple Proportions.
Example 3: Element X forms two different compounds with Y. The percentages by mass of X in the compound are 60.0 and
69.2. Show how these data illustrate the Law of Multiple Proportions.
Example 4: Each of the following compounds contains element X. The formula weight of each compound has been
determined by the gas density method. Each compound has been decomposed to determine the percent of X in each. The results
are tabulated below.
Compound
Formula Weight
Percentage of X in compound
A
88.0
86.4
B
104.5
54.5
C
54.0
70.4
D
34.0
55.9
E
48.0
39.6
F
70.0
81.4
G
52.0
73.1
From these data, what is the atomic weight of X?
Example 5: A sample of pure calcium metal having a mass of 1.35g was quantitatively converted to 1.88g of pure CaO. If
the atomic mass of oxygen is taken to be 16.0, what is the atomic mass of calcium?
Example 6:
of X?

1.3625g of an unknown metal X reacts with oxygen to form 1.4158g of the oxide X2O. What is the atomic mass

Example 7: Ideal density of Ne gas is found to be 0.9004 g/L while that of oxygen is 1.428 g/L. If the molecular mass of
oxygen is known to be 31.999, find the molecular mass of Ne.
Example 8: The ideal density for carbon dioxide gas at 1.00atm and 273K is 1.9635 g/L. Taking the molecular mass of
oxygen to be 31.999, calculate the molecular mass of carbon dioxide.
Example 9: From mass spectra it can be determined that the element neon consists of three isotopes whose masses on the
carbon-12 scale are 19.99, 20.99, and 21.99. The abundances of the isotopes are 90.92%, 0.25%, and 8.83%, respectively.
Calculate an average value for the atomic mass of neon.
Example 10: The element europium exists in nature as two isotopes: Eu-151 has a mass of 150.9196 amu and Eu-153 has a
mass of 152.9209 amu. The average atomic mass is europium is 151.96 amu. Calculate the relative abundance of the two
isotopes.
Example 11: Vitamin C is an organic compound containing three elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Analysis of a
carefully purified sample of vitamin C gives the following results for the percent by mass of the elements: 40.9 %C, 4.58 %H, and
54.5 %O.
(a) From these data, determine the empirical formula of this compound.
(b) The molecular mass of vitamin C was found to be about 180. Determine the molecular formula of vitamin C.
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2012-2013 - LCA from SK

STOICHIOMETRY PLUS . . .

UNIT 02: CHAPTERS 1, 2, & 3

EXAMPLES FROM NOTES
_________________________________________________________________
Example 12: A 1.641-g sample of calcium chloride is dissolved in water and treated with Ag+. A precipitate of AgCl having a
mass of 4.238g is formed. Based on this data, determine the simplest formula for calcium chloride.
Example 13: 1.00g of a gaseous compound of carbon and hydrogen gives, upon combustion, 3.30g CO2 and 0.899g H2O.
(a) Determine the empirical formula of this compound.
(b) The density of this compound is 1.78 g/L at STP. What is its molar mass?
Example 14: 0.493g of a hydrocarbon burns in excess oxygen gas producing 1.492g of carbon dioxide and some water. What
is the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon?
Example 15:
oxide?

How many grams of oxygen gas are required to react completely with 78.0g of aluminum in forming aluminum

Example 16: Thermite is a powdered mixture of aluminum and iron(III) oxide. When raised to a high enough temperature, it
reacts to form molten iron and aluminum oxide.
(a) If a mixture of 10.0g aluminum and 50.0g iron(III) oxide are reacted, what mass of iron is produced?
(b) If the experimental yield of the above reaction was 21.0g iron, what would be the percentage yield of this reaction?
(c) What would be the experimental error?
AP 1975 An excess of silver nitrate solution was added to a solution that contained 1.65g of a chloride salt of an unknown
element M. The silver chloride precipitated, was filtered, dried, and found to have a mass of 2.49g. Further experiments showed
that the ion of element M had a +3 oxidation state in the chloride state.
(a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction of silver nitrate and the chloride salt.
(b) Calculate the percent of chlorine in the chloride salt.
(c) Calculate the atomic mass of the unknown element M.
Marathon Problem (Journal of Chem Ed. 1991) From the information below, determine the mass of substance C that will be
formed if 45.0g of substance A reacts with 23.0g of substance B. (Assume that the reaction between A and B goes to completion.)
(a) Substance A is a gray solid that consists of an alkaline earth metal and carbon (37.5% by mass). It reacts with substance B
to produce substances C and D. Forty million trillion formula units (4.00x1019) of A have a mass of 4.26mg.
(b) 47.9g of substance B contains 5.36g of hydrogen and 42.5g of oxygen.
(c) When 10.0g of C is burned in excess oxygen, 33.8g of carbon dioxide and 6.92g of water are produced. A mass spectrum
of substance C shows a parent molecular ion with a charge to mass ratio of 26.
(d) Substance D is the hydroxide of the metal in substance A.
Example 17: A 1.000g mixture of copper(I) oxide and copper(II) oxide was quantitatively reduced to 0.839g of metallic
copper. What is the mass of copper(II) oxide in the original mixture?
Example 18: A mixture of carbon dioxide and sulfur trioxide has a mass of 2.73g and contains a total of 0.036moles. How
many moles of carbon dioxide are in the mixture?
Example 19: A mixture of sodium chloride and calcium chloride having a mass of 9.000g was reacted with a chemical that
was able to remove all the chloride ions. It was found that there was a total of 5.655g of chloride recovered. Calculate the mass of
the sodium chloride in the original mixture.
Example 20: A mixture of potassium hydroxide and sodium bromide with a mass of 0.5600g is treated with silver nitrate and
all the bromide ion is recovered as 0.9700g pure silver bromide. What is the percentage by mass of potassium bromide in the
original sample?

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2012-2013 - LCA from SK