Diet (nutrition)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the human diet. For a list of human diets, see List of diets . For a discussion of
animal diets, see List of feeding behaviours.

A selection of foods consumed by humans. However, the human diet can vary widely.

In nutrition, diet is the sum of food consumed by a person or other organism.[1]

Dietary habits are the habitual decisions an individual or culture makes when choosing what foods
to eat. The word diet often implies the use of specific intake of nutrition for health or weightmanagement reasons (with the two often being related). Although humans areomnivores, each
culture and each person holds some food preferences or some food taboos. This may be due to
personal tastes or ethical reasons. Individual dietary choices may be more or less healthy.
Proper nutrition requires ingestion and absorption of vitamins, minerals, and food energy in the form
of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Dietary habits and choices play a significant role in the quality
of life, health and longevity. It can define cultures and play a role in religion.
Contents

1 Religious and cultural dietary choices

2 Dietary choices

3 Weight management
3.1 Eating disorders

4 Health

5 Diet classification table

6 Notes

7 External links

Religious and cultural dietary choices[edit]

Some cultures and religions have restrictions concerning what foods are acceptable in their diet. For
example, only Kosher foods are permitted by Judaism, and Halal foods byIslam.
Although Buddhists are generally vegetarians, the practice varies and meat-eating may be permitted

depending on the sects.[2] In Hinduism, vegetarianism is the ideal,Jain are strictly vegetarian and
consumption of roots is not permitted.

Dietary choices[edit]
Many people choose to forgo food from animal sources to varying degrees
(e.g. flexitarianism, vegetarianism, veganism, fruitarianism) for health reasons, issues surrounding
morality, or to reduce their personal impact on the environment, although some of the public
assumptions about which diets have lower impacts are known to be incorrect. [3] Raw foodism is
another contemporary trend. These diets may require tuning or supplementation such as vitamins to
meet ordinary nutritional needs.

Weight management[edit]
Main articles: Dieting and Diet food
A particular diet may be chosen to seek weight loss or weight gain. Changing a subject's dietary
intake, or "going on a diet", can change the energy balance and increase or decrease the amount of
fat stored by the body. Some foods are specifically recommended, or even altered, for conformity to
the requirements of a particular diet. These diets are often recommended in conjunction
with exercise. Specific weight loss programs can be harmful to health, while others may be beneficial
(and can thus be coined as healthy diets). The terms "healthy diet" and "diet for weight
management" are often related, as the two promote healthy weight management. Having a healthy
diet is a way to prevent health problems, and will provide your body with the right balance of
vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients.[4]

Eating disorders[edit]
Main article: Eating disorder
An eating disorder is a mental disorder that interferes with normal food consumption. It is defined by
abnormal eating habits that may involve either insufficient or excessive diet.

Health[edit]
Main article: Healthy diet
A healthy diet may improve or maintain optimal health. In developed countries, affluence enables
unconstrained caloric intake and possibly inappropriate food choices. [5]
It is recommended by many authorities that people maintain a normal weight by (limiting
consumption of energy-dense foods and sugary drinks), eat plant-based food, limit red and
processed meat, and limit alcohol.[6]

Diet classification table[edit]

Ra
Veg w
an veg
an

Isla
mic

Hin Jew Paleol Fruita

du ish
ithic
rian

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

Food
Type

Carniv
orous

Ketog
enic

Omniv
orous

Pescet
arian

Veget
arian

Fruits and
berries

No

No

Yes

Yes

Greens

No

Mayb
e

Yes

Vegetable
s

No

No

Legumes

No

No

Tubers

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Grains

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

Poultry

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Fish
(scaled)

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Seafood
(non-fish)

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

No

Beef

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

No

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

No

Pork

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

No

Eggs

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Maybe

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Dairy

No

Mayb
e

Yes

Yes

Maybe

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

Nuts

No

Mayb
e

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Alcohol

No

Mayb
e

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes

Yes

No

No

Notes[edit]
1.

^ noun, def 1 askoxford.com

2.

^ "Buddhism & Vegetarianism". Soul Curry. November 1, 2008.

3.

^ The embodied energy of food: the role of diet DA Coley, E Goodliffe, J Macdiarmid Energy
Policy 26 (6), 455-460

4.

^ "Healthy Eating: How do you get started on healthy eating?". Webmd.com. 2009-10-12.
Retrieved 2011-12-11.

5.

^ "Told to Eat Its Vegetables, America Orders Fries" article by Kim Severson in The New York
Times September 24, 2010, accessed September 25, 2010

6.

^ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Policy and Action for Cancer Prevention Food, Nutrition, and
Physical Activity. 2010. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-9722-5225-6.

External links[edit]

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SOURCE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_(nutrition)