Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
of Religious Thought
in Islam
By
Allama i\llIhammad Iqhal
By
\1. SAEED SI1EII~II
Published by
Dr. Rash:d Ahmad (Jullundhfl)
Dlfcctor. Institutc of Islamic Culture, Lahor!:
Primed at
Naqoosh P/"IlITil/gPress. Lahvre.
Price:- Rs- 250.00
CONTENTS
(xxiii)
Editor's Introduction
(xi)
THE SPIRIT OF MUSLIM CULTURE
115
Reconstruction of Religious Thought in lsillm
Lecture VI
1. The Qw'in maintains the divine brigin of man by aframing that God
breathed of His own spirit unto him as in Tene! 15:29; 32:9; &nd 38:72.
2. COlUtantine the Great was Roman Emperor from 306 to 337. He wu
ron'l'erted to Ouistianity, it is uid, by seeing a luminous cross in the aky. By his
~Iebrated Edicl of Toleration in 313 he raised Christianity to equality with the
public pagan culu in the Empire. For his attempt at the unification of Chris.
tinity, cr. Will Dauant, OU$Qr D.nd Christ. pp. 655-61, and The Cambridge Medi-
ewrl History, volJ, chapter i.
3. Flavius Claudius Julianus (331-363), nephew of Constantine, traditionally
known as Julian the Aposute, ruled the Roman Empire from 361 to 363. Study-
ing in Athens in 355, he frequented pagan Neoplatonist circles. As emperor, he
al once proclaimed himself a pagan, restored fieedom of worship for pagans
and began'a campaign apinst the orthodox church. a. Alice Gasdnet,Julill'n and
the Loll Struggle 01 PllStlnUm qainn Chrlstillnity, and Will Durant, The Age of
Ftlith, pp. 10-19.
188
Nota d: Rejutnca
oompleua of the natioDJ of Ihe world are deatroyod and there oorne. into beiDa;
a community which can be 1ty1ed 1UftIIW,..m mua/bMt.., ld;Q (a community
submia:!" to n-, 2; 128) aDd to whoae tIaoUJhts aDd actions the diviDe dictate
tIIuhtuli'. lIi,.t (a oommUDity that bean .ntDell to the truth before an
'aI.."
DW1kind, 2; 143) jUitly appHa' (SpcecIta, It'rltirIp 8Nl Shr,emmtl of Iqbld,
pp.16]..63).
Lecture VII
Loctu.re dcliYW8d in a meetina of the fiftY.(ourth sn.sion of the Aristo-
telian Sodet)', London, beld on.s December 1932 with Profeuor J. Macmurray
In 1IIe chair, foUowed by a di8cuaion by ProfellOr Macmurray and Sir Francia
YOUlJlhU8band-d. 'Abstract of che Mmutes of the Prooecdings of the Aristo-
telian Soiety for the Fifty-Fourth Seuion', iD ~ftp 01 die Arlnotelian
!iot.Vty (Now Series), XXXW (1933). 341.
'The Loctun wu pubWhod in the saidho««liltpoltheAristotelM" SocietY,
pp.47-64,u wIl.. in neMUllimRewWJ/ (Lahore),l/iy (Dec. 1932), ]2949.
2. a, O'ttiqwe olPJn RetUOlI, Introduction, aection vi, pp. 57-58; abo Kemp
Smith Commen141')' 10 K.llt" 'O'ttique', pp.
68-70. Me1aphyliics, if it II1eJW
knowledge of the 'transcendent', or of thingHn-themle1ve., wu rejected by Kant
a dogmatic, bec:auJe it doe. not begin with a aitica.l examination of human
capacitY for such knowledge. Reference may here be made to one of the ~ry
significant jottings by Anama Iqbal on the cIosin! back. page of hit own oopy of
Carl Rahn'. Sdmce .,w the RfllJgjoul Life (London, 1928), viz.
'II religion
possible? ~t'. prob&cm'; d. Muhammad Siddiq, De,criptive Ctztalogue 01
AI/Qma Iqt.l'l Penortlll libnIT)', pp. 21-22 and Plate No.7.
3. The 'principle of indeterminacy' wu 10 r~tened by A.S. Eddington
In his Ntltlle of the PhyaCllI Mbrld, p. 220. Now more often known II 'principle
of Wlcertainty' or 'uocertaint)' principle', It wu 'annoWlced' by the phy.kist
pbiloJOpher HeiJeDbcq in ZettJchrlft fWPhyrik, XLm (1927), 172-98. Broadly
speak"', the principle ltates that then is an .to.be:rent wwertainty ill deKrlbing
lUb-miaOlCOpic prooOues. For matance, if the poIitiorf of an electron iI deter.
101
Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam
theistic, 48; mo~s with the weight nOI evolve the inner richnes.) of
of its own past on its back, 132; his being,"'e spirit within him
of the ideal consun in in perpetual hardens in1", stone, 10 (I 26);
endeavour to appropriate the real, impossible for one, to bear the
eventually to illuminate its whole bwden of another, 76 (IV 2);
being, 7; physical and mental in the individuality and uniqueness of,
evolution of, 85; see a/so religious 76, 79 (IV I, 2); in his inmost
life being, a~ conceived by the Qur'in,
Life and Finite IruiMdU4/ity (H.\\'. is a creative activity, an ascending
Carr), quoted: 35 (1121) spirit, 10; no form of reality so
Locke,John (1632.1704), 21 powerful, so inspiring, so beauti.
Luther, Martin (148).1546), 129 (VI ful as the spirit of, 10; not a
33) stranger on this eanh, 67; occupies
a genuine place in the heart of
(d
Ma'bad b. 'Abd Allah ai-Juhan! Divine aeative energy, 58; only
80/699),88 a candidate for immortality, 95;
MabQ~ith af.Mashriqiyah. AI- (Fakhr open to, to belong to the universe
aJ.Din Razi).quoted: 61 (III 37) and tiecome immortal, 94; Quranic
Macdonald, Duncan Black (1863-1943), view of the destiny of, is partly
14, 121 (I 32, VII 13); and the ethical, partly biological, 92; rest-
growth of atomistic kaLfm in Islam, It'ss being engrossed in his ideals,
54(11113) 9 (I 25): rises from one stale of
Mahdi, Ibn KhaldUn's repudiation of being to another, 10, 93; with all
- the ideaof,I15 (V 61) his failings, superior to nature, 9:
Mairnonides, Moses ben (1135-1204), with all his faults, representative
54(11112) of God on earth, 76; see 41110
Making of HIJ.ffIl1nity. The (Roben Adam and ego
Briffault),Quoted: 103~ mankind, unity of, 7S (III 75);
-
Maktubilr.; lmam.i RaMoni' (Shaikh idea of, a living factor in the
Ahmad Sirhindi), quoted: 153 Muslims' daily life, not a philoso-
(VII 16) phical concept nor a dream of
Mal, one of the five things that -the poetry,112
Law of Islam aims at protecting ManrUj al-Tair (Farid at-Din 'A,~),
(Shitibn, 134 quoted: I (II)
Malik b. Anas (d. 179/795), 140 MaqtuJ, Shihab at-Drn Suhrawardi, see
man, approaches the observable IshriQI
aspect of Reality with the weapon Massignon, Louis (1883-1962), 77
of oonceptu.aJ knowledge, II; cap- (d, 346/957),
Mas'udi Abu1-Hasan
able of participating in the creative 112 (V 45)
life of his \faker. 58, 6t;ch().',en of materiaL the merely, has no substance
God, 76; destined, perhaps, to until we discover it rooted in
become a permanent element in the spiritual,123
constitution of being, 9; endowed materialism, 33,43, 89, 90, 95, 148;
with the faculty of naming things, refutation of, 26-28,83-84
10; entitled to only what is due to MathemotiCtlI Principles of Natural
his oWn personal effort, 76 (IV 3); Phi/osvphy, The (Newton), quoted
God becomes co-worker of, in his S9 (11131)
progre5S.ive adjustment with the Mathnawi-i.Ma'nawi (Jatil aI.Din
forces of the universe, 10; God's Rflm'i), Quoted: 13, 57, 72-73,
immense faith in, 68; if, does 88, 97, 14748, (I 28, III 24,72,
236
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