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FIRST
CONVERSATION
GRAMMAR,
TRANSLATION
AND
DRAWX
TO
ACCORDING
DP
FIRST
With
STANDARD.
HENRI
MASTBB
TIIIHD
CANADA
Vocabularies*
Complete
Tato
BUE,
AT
OP
BEQUIBEMBNT3
THK
EDITED
TRENCH
BOOK
MERCHANT
EDITION,
Bt
R-bs-L.,
TATLOBS*.
REVISED,
PUBLISHING
(limited),
1880.
LONDOV.
COMPANY
THB
Entered
according
the
"
Campbell
Agriculture.
PRINTED
BY
ROSB
HUXTKR,
TORONTO.
"
Co.,
Son,
Parliament
the
eight
one
year
James
of
Act
to
thousand
hundred
in
the
and
Office
of
Canada,
seventy-eight,
of
the
Minister
in
by
of
PKEFACii.
the
has
little book
This
is
intended
as
vocabularies
the
beginner
May teachers
handy primer.
PKEFACE
who
for
TO
Editor
the
their
corrected
begs
added
convenience
of
this
pupils
the
save
tains
con-
young
dictionary.
find
it
useful
and
EDITION.
THIKD
to
express
members
his
of
sincere
the
thanks
profession
French
Book"
adopted his "First
He
has
elementary classes.
carefully
in
the
some
shght
present edition
defects, and
The
using
THE
numerous
have
of the
will
it
September, 1877.
London,
to
of
and
to
French
to
translation, and
which
trouble
according
up
introduction
an
conversation^ and
grammar,
The
drawn
first stage.
of the
requirements
It
been
most
Second
to the
the
useful
young
volume,
student,
for
hst
greater
of
some
irregular verbs.
Feench
Book,
which
will
little
Grammar,"
"Elementary
preparation, and will be pubhshed
next
at the same
low price,
April, 1878.
the
is
in
complete
now
in
September
CONTENTS.
"
Page
A
List
The
of Words
be
to
committed
to
vi
Memory
Alphabet
Orthographic
other
and
Accents
The
Definite
The
Indefinite
Signs
"
2"6,49
Article
2, 8
Article
3, 7, 60
Nouns
The
Possessive
..""..
Pronouns
Simple
16
"
15, 66
69
"
30
30"35
35
Tenses
Tbe
Conjugration
36
Negation
....
Donner,
37
"
"
37
Simple
88"43
Tenses
Compound
Demonstrative
44
Tenses
"
Adjective
"
"
Pronouns
48
72
....
77
Pronouns
Demonstrative
Relative
"
25
and
Possessive
65
19"21
Interrogation
Bonner,
"
18, 73"76
Tenses
Etrct Compound
First
"
Tenses
Avoir, Compound
Btre,
13
Tenses
Simple
56
12, 70
Numerals
Avoir,
11, 67
"
Adjectives
Personal
"
4, 49
Case
Possessive
Qualifying Adjectives
The
viii
"
"
79
Pronouns
81
.,""",
"
84
CONTENTS.
Pagw
Tlie
Punir,
Cox^Uffatlon;
Second
Simple
85"87
Tenses
Tenses
Punir, Compound
Tbe
88"90
Conjugratlon
Tblrd
Eecevoir, Simple
Tenses
"
.
Tenses
Recevoir, Compound
Tbe
Tenses
95
....
Conjugratlon
Fourtb
91"94
Rompre,
97
"
Simple
98"101
........
Tenses
Bompre, Compound
102
"
105
Prepositions
96
Adverbs
100, 103"106
Indefinite
Adjectivesand
Pronouns
The
AuxiliaryVerbs
The
Four
...
List of
Short
some
Reflexive
of the
Chapter
Verbs
most
for the
useful
113
Passive
or
109
112
Conjugations
Pronominal
"
109, 110
Conjunctions
The
107
114
115
Verbs
Irregul""r
Inquisitive
117
124,
125
GONTSNTS.
Page
Tiolon
lie
Cas86
Exercice
128
Prouonciation
de
129
L'Avare
129
d'un
Epitaphe
Ecolier
d'un
Lettre
129
Paresseux
Pere
son
129
....
Le
Ver-Luisant
et
le
Crapand
130
....
Le
Rgve
130
Le
Paresseux
130
Athalie
et
Le
Spectre
Le
Rat
de
132
Joas
133
Ville
et
le
Rat
des
Champs
134
.
La
Machine
Christophe
Mieux
Le
que
135
Vapeur
Colomb
136
137
"ja
de
Marchand
Petits
G"teaux
139
....
"*
L'Avare"
English-French
de
Molidre
140
Vocabulary
142
,
French-English
"
"
Yocabolary
"
146
A
TO
BE
LIST
COMMITTED
OF
WOfiDS
TO
MEMOEY.
"m-.
PABT.
FIEST
LESSON
THS
T",c, d,
a,
AXiPBABST.
f, g, h, i, j, k, 1, m,
e,
p, q, r, s, t, u,
be,
a,
emme,
in
are
p^,
used
The
grave,
used
in
on
Frencb.
ache,
ge,
three
only
on
o,
n,
z.
y,
erre,
qu,
zede.
French
acute,
accents
:
and
ete,
:
"
summer.
mother
mere,
5,
at.
or
The
e,
x,
letters
i grec,
The
to
tbe
o,
v6, ikse,
There
w,
de, ^, effe,
ce,
enne,
double
V,
of
uraxnes
I.
etc.
The
it the
The
circumflex, used
:
any
vowel
(except y), a,
tete, head.
cedilla
is
sound
of
little
before
apostrojihe is
has
vowel
on
been
sign placed
a,
o,
under
fiargon,
sign (')which
suppressed : Vami,
a
to
boy.
that
shows
for
give
le and
ami,
friend.
the
The
and
must
dicEvesis
is
sign consisting
of two
which
above
denoting that the vowel
be
pronounced
quite distinct from
vowel:
7iaif=na-'i-fef artless.
B
dots
("),
it stands
the
ceding
pre-
Exercise
French
their
Un
Christmas
Vhoinme,
the
the
wi
man
French
pupil ;
jeu, a
Sieve, a
1.
un
name:
game
THE
paste ;
error
la
lyre,
father
the
mother
the
any
mute
li
singular beginning
h aspirate : la mere,
an
hedge.
or
singular noun
:
Venfant, the
beginning with
child ; Vhomme^
man.
The
une,
The
every
Eleve
or
un,
an,
or
plume
mere
fnfant
Article.
Indefinite
before
an,
before
noun
a
article,in French,
masculine
noun
feminine
must
be
singular.
singular,
repeated before
noun.
ipupil
(r/iosc),
(m.),"brother
{/.),sister
It^tq
BCEur
aas
(/.),
pen
mother
(/.),
(m.),child
voici, here
pere
feminine
haie, the
; la
or
an
noun
consonant
or
singular beginning
aspu-ate ; le pere,
Article.
masculine
ncmn
consonant
; le
with
Singulak.
Definite
Tbe
with
II.
AIITZCX.ES.
The
a,
the
Noel,
lyre.
LESSON
mason
Verreur, the
la pate^
magon,
is
or
here
(m.),JutJier
there
hibou
h asp.), owl
(j"i.,
sur,
ore
there
voila.
haie
homme
is, or
are
on
(/.,h asp.),hedge
(m., h mute), man
3
The
to the
must
sign (J),joiningtwo
that those
word, means
be joinedin pronunciation.
1. L'eleve
fant.
L'enfant
8.
frere.
Voici
5.
le hibou
6. Voila
sur
2. The
the
are
father
La
2.
une
mere
un"en-
L'homme
4.
soeur.
le pere, le frere et la
la haie.
Szercise
1. Here
letters
Exercise.
plume.
une
belonging
two
same
Model
un
letters not
a
soeur.
2.
has
is the owl.
4. Here
5. There
pen.
6. The brother has an owl.
LESSON
The
Definite Article:
hedge.
III.
AND
ARTZCXiIiS
is the
DTOUN-S.
Plueal.
les,
the, before
any
plural
noun.
IndefiniteArticle
Nou7is
as
to form
les
the
has
Translate:
the father ?
father
has
II a, he has
a-t^il? has
elle a, she
a-t^elle?
has
ils^ont, they
ontcils
she?
to
have
elles^ont (/.),
they
by:
le pere
they T
have
f
a-tz.il
he ?
non,
no
livre
[m.),'bo6k
fils,son
have
(m.)
ontcclles ? (/.)have
oui, yes
he T
has
plural,add
plural.
the singular,
no
the mothers.
meres,
the
literally,
fille,
daughter
they T
iVXodel
1. L'^l^ve
ont^ils les
livre ?
a-t^elle un
Les
les
La
4.
mere
Exercise
1. Here
the
are
books?
Yes.
Have
and
mere
livre.
un
Oui.
6.
Voici
fUs^et la fille
plume.
ont^une
4.
La
Le
7.
2. Les^
8.
meres
scEurs
Oui.
plume ?
plumes ? Non.
a-t^il^une
Aleves
5.
Exercise.
the
the
have
Yes.
mother
the
5.
mother
has
The
7.
mothers
The
pens ?
the
pens.
No.
child?
the
they
Have
2.
the
mothers
sisters
brother?
pupils.
Has
3.
3.
Has
6.
son
he
and
daughter.
LESSON
The
Definite
Article
from,
or
and
tlie
s^" to
"
witli
The
is
IV.
at,
or
Possessive
and
of
"de,"
Case.
SiNGUiiAB.
the, and
to
du,
hihou.
h
la
is to the, and
feminine
beginning
aspirate :
la
sxur,
de
with
de
of the, before
la,
a
la
consonant
sceur
a
or
la
noun
li
an
haie, de
la
any
gular
sin-
haie.
ft. 1*
is
to
noun
"
Venfant,
Translate:
the, and
beginning
de
de
with
vowel
or
an
li mute
Yhomme.
ray
brother's' pen,
: the
mon/rere, literally
pen
of my
hy
la
plunie d$
brother.
Translate
some
some
bread,
du
pain
some
water,
de
Yeau.
Some
be
in
expressed
before
I have
J'ai,
donn6,
Charles
Charles,
(/.),water
eau
must
(m.), hook
as-tu
hast
thou
(/.),"eer
(m.), bread
viande
(/.), meat
(jw.),my
mon
Exercise.
Model
1.
mais_il_a
viande
donne
de
I'eau
donne
de
rhomme._
Charles
de
ma
pain
la
de
donne
A-t^il
8.
du
donne
J'ai
Il_a
2.
noun,
livre
pain
Lewis
Louis,
viands
la
hut
biere
il, he
V ;
(/.). "'!/
mais,
to
a,
de
or
English,
every
ma
given
la,
de
in
omitted
French
de
du,
meat,
some
often
any,
or
by
any,
or
au
my
and
Non,
mais
j'ai donne
given
5.
Yes
owl.
Charles.
6.
biere
la
frere
mon
plumes
les
and
Lewis
3.
he
have
and
has
has
some
given
given
No
2.
pens
Charles'
to
bread
4.
sister's
my
book.
some
Nou,
4.
Louis.
meat
some
de
6.
thou
father's
et
le livre
Louis.
de
hibou
donne
soeui-^a
Hast
de
?
As-tu
Charles.
soeur
5.
Exercise
1.
la
I'enfant
I'eau
de
frere
au
given
some
the
I have
water
some
sister.
beer
4.
to
the
meat
pupil's
Has
he
?
man
to
book
the
to
6
LESSON
Article
Definite
Tbe
k,"
from.
The
is
in the
the, and
to
plural:
Translate
in the
some
des, of the,before
or
any
noun
before any
noun
hommes.
des
by
any
some
or
des
by
any
negativene...pas,
or
J'ai,/ have
ai-je?
as-tu ?
^*
of
only
to
liaive.
avoir,"
NEGATIVELY.
11
have
je n'ai
thou
hast
a-tc-il ?
has
he
have
avons-nous
have
avez-vous
uie
tu
?
she ?
? has
a-tc:^elle
has
have
elle n'a
we
you
? have
you
ontoils
have
they ?
Us
pas,
not
we
not
n'avez
vous
have
s?ie has
pas,
n'avons
nous
have
vous^avez,
after
d*
INTERROGATIVELY.
AFFIRMATIVKLY.
iiou8"^avons,
de
not.
Indicative
Present
elle a, she
^de,** Cjf
plural.
Translate
the
ai,and
or
PiiURAL.
hommes,
auz
to
*^
witb
or
auz
V.
pas, you
not
n'ont
not
elles"_,ont,
they (/.)have
ontoelles ?
(/.)
have
they T
elles n'ont
have
pas;
t/iey(/.)
not
Exercise.
Model
Sxercise
1. Have
any books.
you
any
8. Have
books?
2.
S.
2.
No, I have
they givenany
bread
not
to the
8
Exercise
Frenchwoman
1. The
is there.
godchild (/.). 4.
here ?
6. No, the
here.
not
7. There
9. We
6.
are
are
is here.
The
3.
cousin
Here
lishwom
Enghas
the
marchioness
orphans
the
is
(masc).
there?
you
here.
not
there.
LESSON
VII.
ADJECTIVES.
QVAXiXrYZNG
form
masculine:
mute
e
feminine, add an
grand, tall ; [few.)(jrande.
the
in the
adjectiveends in e mute
it will not change in the feminine
(masc),clever; habile, (fern.).
If the
plural,add
grands, grander, habiles.
form
To
the
t^^'V
(m.),ta (/.)i
Ton
an
maltre,
to the
ou,
petit,small
s6v^.re,strict
his
juste,just
aimable, amiable
patient, patient
fig6,old.
ni...
ni, neither...
nor
Model
1. Ta
the
line,
mascu:
habile
singular:
or
habile, chver
ne...
to
school
pension {/.),
her
or
and
master
est, is
son,
of the marchioness
of the
are
2. The
marchioness
Is the cousin
They (w.)are
11,
6.
Exercise.
sont^ils
maitres
4.
Les
5.
Non,
severes
est^agee.
7.
old
pupils clever
the
young
or
She
4.
thy school
at
amiable.
Is
3.
2.
thy
Yes,
cousin
is young,
5. Is
amiable.
patient nor
6.
and
clever
are
mere
"
Zzercise
they
Ma
justes^etpatients. 6.
ils sont
1. Are
pension?
ta
just?
master
thy
Le
Matin.
Chambre
La
"
Mouning.
The
coucher.
Charles.
C.
On
Geor-
Do
Charles.
George
Bed-
Some
frappe.
one
Where
you
hear,
What?
George.
Quoi?
The
room.
Entends-tu
ges ?
Georges.
"
is
is some
knocking.
one
knocking?
At
the
door.
VIII.
LESSON
ABJECTIVES.
QVAXiXF-S-XXTG
,
Begrees
To form
more,
il
est
Comparison.
put pins,
comparative of superiority
and
the positive,
than, after it :
que,
grand que Jean^ he is taller than
the
before
plus
of
John.
comparative of inferiorityput
and
than^
xnoins,
less,before the positive,
que,
Jean, he is less
after it : il est znoins
grand que
tall than John, or he is not so tall as John.
To form the comparative of equalityput aussi
before the positive,and
than, after it :
que,
as,
he
is as
Jean,
tall
il est aussi
grand que
To
form
the
10
John ; il est aussl
as
he is
tall and
as
as
grand et
old
as
Lg mien (m.),mhie
le tien (m.),
thine
aussi
mot,
I.
la mienne
la tienne
Model
que
mine
(/.),
thine
(/.),
Exercise.
1. Ta scenr^est^elle
plusgrande que la mienne?
2. Non, elle est moins
grande que la tienne.
frere est^il plus_liabile
8. Ton
et plus.aimable
que
le mien
4. Mon
pensionsont^ilsplus severes
que
Bont moins severes
que justes.
Exercise
1. Are
2.
They
8. His
the
are
iustes ?
8.
mother
6. Us
is stricter than
tall
more
mine, but
as
I ?
clever.
more
p^,"
11
IX.
LESSON
ASJSCTZVES.
QVAXiZFYIIffG
To
tlie
form
article before
is the
Charles
plus amable,
le
Comparison.
of
Degrees
aimable^ Lewis
nwins
amiable
most
is
the
form
Deux, two
6goiste,selfish
(m.),friend
chien (m.) dog
animal
fidele,faithful
(w,),animal
present (m.),present
Noel (m.),Christmas
chat
nous
ami
cat
("".),
Sxercise.
model
1. Ma
Non,
2.
est la
ta sceur^est
tres-grande,mais
des
plus grande
mon^ami
est le
deux,
est^extremement
plus patient.
chien
Le
4.
Exercise
shall
Thy
sister
master
master
the
have
is
more
is very
patient of
faithful, 6. The
more
de
maitre
le mien
Tanimal
animal
est^un
des
la micmie
mais
est
le
tres^
presents^a Noel.
7. II est le moins
1. We
Le
3.
severe,
Le
chat
5.
plus fidele.
ego'iste. 6. Nous^aurous
2.
slioll have
we
aurous,
9.
present
least
the
clever.
two.
cat is
at
5.
The
Christmas.
8.
Is
4. No
master
thy
my
is the
;
dog is very
extremelyselfish.
12
LESSON
TKS
The
X.
POSSESSIVE
ADJECTIVES.
possessiveadjectivesin
with
person
the
French
and
possessor,
in
agree
in
and
number
there is
only one
possessor
Singular
"
Plural
Meaning,
J.
"my
thy
his,her, it$
When
there
are
more
than
one
Singular
possessor
"
Plural
for
both
genders. Meaning,
Ist
person
notre
nos
our
2ad
person
votre
vos
your
3rd
person
leur
leurs
their
balls,my ball;
father ; mes^oncles, my
uncles.
pere,
my
than one
balle,our ball ;
: notre
possessor
brothers ; leuTa^ojicles,their
freres, your
Examples.
mon
More
vos
"
One
possessor
ma
uncles.
Recompense, rewarded
grond6, scolded
Exercise.
nxodel
1. Le
pere
seen
vu,
n'a-tc^ilpas
ses
recompense
fils ?
fils^etsa fille.
Oui, le pere a recompense
ses
8.
Les
meres^ont^elles
gronde leurs^enfants ?
4. Non, les meres
n'ont pas gronde leurs^enfants.
cousine ?
6. N'as-tu pas vu ma
6. Non, je n'ai
2.
pas
vu
ta cousine.
Oui, j'aivu
leurs livres.
8.
vos
7.
Avez-vous
plumes,
mais
vu
je
nos
n'ai
plumes
pas
vu
13
Sxercise
has
1. He
his
rewarded
and
her cousins
but
she
has
Have
4.
they
they
7. No
her
not
their
; she
has
pupils
mother
Charles'
her sister,
mother.
my
seen
and
their
pupils?
and
6.
daughter?
seen
No,
their brother.
her
seen
sister
her
seen
not
cousins
rewarded
scolded
have
Has
6.
her
seen
she
has
She
3.
Has
2.
has
he
children, but
his
scolded
pupil.
10.
seen
daughter.
XL
LESSON
"rvM:x:RAX.s.
Cardinal
xarumbers.
1, un (w.),une(/.)
; 2, deux
; 3, trois;4, quatre;
5, cinq; 6, six; 7, sept; 8,huit; 9, neuf ; 10, dix;
11, onze
; 12, douze
; 13, treize; 14, quatorze;
15, quinze; 16, seize; 17, dix- sept; 18, dix-huit;
19, dix-neuf ; 20, vingt.
in
is it that), is used
3Sst-ce
(literally,
que
askingquestions: Est-ce quenwnfrere cstjici? also
in Lesson
III.
monfrere estziljici? as shown
Quel dgeas-tu?[what age
you)
balle
are
de, how
Coinbien
bille
old
how
,
you
(/.),marble
(/.),ball
1. Combien
it trois
et
old
years
plate
(/.),
(m.),qlass
verre
plat (m.),dish
Exercise.
de billes as-tu
balles.
aBsiettes ?
ten
am
assiette
many
Model
TeiTes
have
3.
Est-ce
?
que
2. J'ai
nous^avons
onze
billes
seize
Nous^avons
quinze assiettes,treize
quatre plats. 5. QueLage a Georges ?
4.
14
6. H
huit^ans.
7. As-tu
vingt^ans?
Exercise
11.
Non,
8.
j'aiquinze ans.
1. How
old
any
marbles
we
and
13
are
2. 1
you
4.
Yes,
6. Is Charles
balls.
his
he is 14, and
glasseshave you
and 12 plates.
brother
?
eighteen. 8. Have
am
have
we
marbles
16
19 years old ?
is 11.
7. How
8. I have
glasses,2
6.
No,
many
dishes,
CONVEESATION.
La
Chambre
The
Couchee.
It is too
G.
No,
Bedroom.
early.
it is late.
You
in
G.
Tu
C.
Oui, leve-toi.
G.
Tout_a I'heure.
Presently.
C.
Lave-toi.
Wash.
G.
Aprestoi.
After you.
press6.
es
Habille-toi.
G. J'ai bien le
Dress.
I have
C.
temps.
hurry,
plenty of time.
xn.
LESSON
Ordinal
are
Xrumbers.
"
Those
which
end
in
mute
di-opthe
e:
quatr^,qvLatiienie.
Before
onze,
Btropheis
used
huit, hnitihiie,
no
le onzihne^ le hmiiemsn
onzihne
:
apo-
16
xm.
LESSON
THIS
The
psoiroTnr.
tjulsokajb
cosrjTnffCTxvz:
which
those
are
verb.
the
SiNOULAB.
1st Person.
2ndPeusox.
Person.
3rd
'
Both
genders. Both
Norn.
Je,/
tu,
Masc.
genders.
thou
Gen.
of
Bat.
te,to
me
me,
en,ofher,ofit
it.
lui,to him,
thee
lui,to her,to
to it
Ace
me,
te,thee
me
genderi.
elle,she, it
of him,
en,
Both
Fern.
11,he, it
to tnem
y, to it,
it
le,him,it
la,her, it
Plural.
Person.
1ST
Both
JFom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
2nd
Both
genders.
nous,
Person.
vous,
we
3rd
ilasc.
gondert.
ils,
you
en
nous,
to us
vous,
to you
nous,
us
vous,
you
The
conjunctivepronouns
before
the
verb.
the
placed
after
are
vous,
When
you
verb
with
elles,they
en, of them
leur, to them
les,them
generallyplaced
are
is interrogative
sentence
hast
as-tu,
thou ?
etes'
thou, is used
tu,
Fern.
subject (nominative) is
pronoun
the
leur,
lea,
the
Person.
whom
in French
the
speaker
in
is
addressingpersons
on
famiUar
very
terms.
When
is used
in
addressing one
only, the adjectiveagreeing with it does
person
not take the plural number
:
ma
coiisine,vovs^etes
tresz.aimal)le,
cousin, you are very amiable.
my
The
fai,
vous,
you,
oije,ine,
have, etc.
e
vowel
17
papier (to.),
paper
chose
(/.),thing
important, important
rref6, lent
j y \eillerai,I shall see to it
veillerons, we shall
nous^y
to it
see
seen
vu,
parl6,spoken
Sxercise.
Model
1. Ton
il m'a
donneun
beau livre ? 2. Oiii,
pere t'^a-t^il
frero
8. Leur
tres-beau livre.
donne
un
4.
grammaire.
prete ma
les plats^etles^assiettes ?
leur^a
verres,
les^avons
leurs^amis
et
9. Nous^en
7.
parle.La
avons
les
Oui,
nous
6.
II
Leur"a-tc,ildonne
des
donne
Non, il leur^a
8.
papier.
du
5.
les^out pas.
ne
livres.
deux
donne
nous^a
Avez-vous
plumes.
est^importanto;
chose
j'yveillerai.
Exercise
1. Has
father has
lent them
scolded
my
glasses and
had
them.
seen
but
our
3.
me.
book.
4.
The
which
they
lent
5. No,
plates?
have
spoken of it.
had
8. Yes, we
?
brothers
not
us.
seen
i"zsJxrxrcTzvE
9.
We
their
you
their friends
7. Had
them,
seen
shall
you
see
to it.
XIV.
LESSON
THS
Their
Had
2. No, my
sister has not
you?
their
6. I
they had
rewarded
father
your
13.
PERsoifa.x.
PKOxrovirs.
disjunctivepersonal pronouns
used apart from the verb.
are
Singular.
are
those
18
PlUKAIi.
Pbbson.
IST
Both
genders.
Nom.
Nous,
Oen.
denous,
Bat,
k nous,
Ace.
nous,
vous,
you
de vous,
o/m*
us
us
vous,
The
Fern.
Masc.
d'eux,
elles,they
d'elles,o/rft'^
k eux,
k elles. tn them
eux,
elles,"Atm
eux,
0/
j/o"
to you
vous,
Febsow.
8bd
genders.
Both
we
to
Person.
Jnd
you
Reflexive
Personal
Pronouns.
1st person
2nd person
3rd
Qui,
me,
wTio
re(?u, received
letter
lettre (/.),
touchy, touched
avec,
with
dine,
dined
Qui
2.
Qui
lui ?
donne
touche
m'a
Exercise.
5. Avez-vous
dine
dine
toi.
sans
8. Elles
? Lui.
8. N'etiez-vous
n'ont
moi
sans
7. II
pas
2.
Yes,
and
one
You
did
with
be
us.
left
them
?
me.
them.
we
elle.
avec
nous^avons
lettre
une
recu
pas^aveo
et
Oui,
6.
de
14.
received
not
you
any letters from
had
received
three
letters from
from
him.
{did is
5.
Who
out).
7.
8.
to
3.
be
Who
left
touched
6. Would
out).
him
he
had
I did
have
received
dined
have
two
me
thee,
ink
some
you
4. They
gave
They
moi.
de lettres d'eux.
re9U
Exercise
1. Had
lui
avec
Moi,
Charles ?
livre
un
Oui, nous^etions
4.
wife
(/.),
encre
2IKodel
1.
without
Bans,
will be
{didis
to
without
dined
out
with-
letters from
19
LESSON
rHB
AVZIIiZARV
XV.
VERB
(Simple
"
AVOIR,"
Tenses.)
to have*
20
SUBJUNCTIVE.
PEESKNT,
{That I
IMPERFECT.
have)
may
Que j'aie
que
tu
Que i'eusse
aies
tu
que
qu'ilor qu'elleait
eusses
que
nous^ayons
que
que
vous^ayez
que
qu'ilsor qu'elles^aient
nous^eussions
vous^eussiez
qu'ilsor qu'elles^euBsent
INFINITIVE.
PltKSENT.
PABTICIPI.E
Avoir
Ayant {having)
{tohave)
PAST.
PARTICIPLE
Eu
(w.),eue
{had)
(/.),
INTERBOGATIVELT.
atcil
eus-je,etc.
aurai-je,etc.
avais-je,etc.
etc
aurais-je,
Avj'e,etc.
NEGATIVELY.
Je n'ai pas, etc.
n'aie
que
pas, etc.
je n'aie pas, etc.
que
je n'eusse
je n'aurais
n'ayant
etc.
pas, etc.
n'aurai-jepas,
n'ai-jepas, etc.
n'avp.is-je
pas, etc,
n'eus-jepas,
NEGATIVELY.
AND
INTERROGATIVELY
aurais-je
etc.
pas, etc
etc
15.
Exercise
Write
pas,
etc.
pas,
out
all
the
primary
see
tenses
Lesson
of
XVI.)
avoir.
21
LESSON
"
V"RB
AXrXXX.ZA1l-r
THE
XVI.
to have,
AVOIR,"
(Simple Tenses.)
All the tenses
XV.
in Lesson
given
called
are
Five of them
called primari/ or
are
simple tenses.
primitivetenses, because they form all the others.
The
Infinitive,
"primarytenses are : the Present
the Present
Participle, the Past Participle,the
Present
IndiIndicative,and the Past Definite
CATI\TE.
",
^/
top
toupie (/.),
patience
patience (/.),
{f.),fear
argent (m.),money
peur
d"sirais,desired
Model
1.
aviez
Exercise.
2. Non,
N'avais-jepas de livres ?
des plumes.
3. Aie de la patience.
desirais
ils pas
toupies.
aurions
7.
du
Si
balle.
mais^ils
et
4.
Je
N'eurentc
auront
des
de
I'argent nous_
de I'encre.
8. N'ayez pas
nous_avions
papier
5.
vous^
peur.
16.
Exercise
had
ball
fear.
2. We
no
a
(singular)
had
but you
[past definite)some
(pastdefinite),
marbles.
4. Yes,
3. Will they have some
pens ?
1. Have
but
6. Let
that
have
money
have
us
some
ink ?
any
5. If they had
paper.
have
would
some
you
patience.
top. 8.
verb
and
its
7. I
Will
desired
he
not
have
subject)
22
CONVERSATION.
La
C.
Chambke
C'est
The
Coucher.
This
singulier.
is
singular.
G.
Qa'as-tu?
What
C.
Je
I do not
G.
Cherche-la
C.
J'ai
G.
Ou
perdiTmon
peutjl etre?
C.
Tu
le sais
G.
Cela
trouve
ne
pas
mon^
Bedroom.
is the matter
find my
with
sponge.
Sponge.
se
bien.
Look
savon.
I have
lost my
soap.
it be ?
can
Where
peut^etre.
pourrait.
You
That
LESSON
THS
for it well.
AirXIZ.Xi".RY'
know
it,perhaps.
might
be.
xvn.^
VERB
'*
ETHE,"
to he.
yoa?
24
xvm.
LESSON
"
VERB
AUaUXiZAR-S-
T2E
io b".
STRE,"
(Simple Tenses.)
that there
Remark
is
the
imperative. Avoir
auxiliaryverbs, because
gation of other verbs.
aujourd'^hui, to-day
beaucoup,
model
main
the
conjU"
row
much
Exercise.
demain
seras-tu
called
are
in
they help
On, where
demain, to-morrow
ici,la, here,there
apres-demain, afterto-moT'
1. Gti
singulariD
first person
and
6tre
no
Je
2.
ici de-
serai
fussent
contentes.
rais-tu
mais
^tait
8.
satisfait.
Sois
le second ?
10. Oui,
j'etais
je serais beaucoup plus satisfait si Georges
le premier.
1. Would
here ?
4.
they
there.
shall
not
He
be
be
7.
We
are
They
mi,c:]itbe
is much
more
will
here
were
were
here.
if
content
should
we
6. Where
yesterday ?
10.
18.
3. Wliere
5.
to-morrow.
you
not
No, but
2.
to-morrow.
that
se-
si
content
pas
Exercise
were
Ne
9.
be
you
they
satisfied
be
were
if
we
to-morrow?
but
to-morrow,
after
here
there.
9. Let
satisfied
us
than
desired
be content.
his
brother.
25
CONVERSATION.
La Chambre
Coucher.
The
C.
Les"as-tu
caches
G.
Cela
pas^impos-
That's
moi
Give
n'est
Have
Bedroom.
hidden
you
them
unhkely.
not
sible.
C.
Donne-les
G.
C.
Laquelle?
G.
C'est que
vite I
condition.
une
On
tu
me
rendras
ma
That
k t"te,
a dents.
ma
and
ATTXIlilARY
THE
This
tooth-brush.
my
XIX.
"AVOXR."
VERB
(Compound
bade
give me
comb,
hair-brush,
my
LESSON
will
you
my
brosse
quickly !
Which
brosse
et
to me,
condition.
one
peigne,
mon
them
Tenses.)
auxiliary.
by adding
the
to the
verb which
is
INDICATIVE.
PLUPERFECT.
PERFECT.
is formed
(This tense
with
indicative
the
present
the
auxiHary.)
(This
of
is formed
imperfect indicative
the
auxiliary.)
(I had
had,)
J'avais^eu
eu
Tou3_avez_eu
avais^eu
elle avait^eu
or
nous^avion s"eu
vous_aviez_eu
lis
ils
tu
il
tu
as^eu
or
elle
en
nous_avons_eu
or
with
the
(I have had.)
J'ai
tense
elles^ont^eu
11
or
elles^avaient.,eil
of
25
PAST
ANTERIOR.
(Thistense
the
TUTURE
is formed
past definite
with
of
(This
the
the
auxiliary.)
[I had had)
tense
of
the
with
auid-
Hary.)
shall
(/"
J'anrai
tu eus_eu
tu
il or
il
elle eut_ea
elle
or
aura
v()us_eiites"eu
vous_aurez_eu
ils
ils
CONDITIONAL
is formed
had)
auras_eu
nous_aurons_eu
elles^eurent^eu
have
eu
nous_eumes"eu
(This tense
is formed
future
J'eus^eu
or
ANTERIon.
or
en
elles^auront^eu
ANTERIOR.
with
the
present conditional
of the
auxiliary.)
(fshould
J'aurais^eu
tu aurais^eu
il or elle aurait^eu
have
nous^aurions^eu
vous_auriez_eu
ils
"
Exercise
Write
out
of
had)
or
elles^auraient^eu
19.
all the
compound tenses
avoirf and
explain how
of the indicativ
they
are
formed,
LESSON
THE
AUXXX.ZARV
VEXIB
(Cozapound
XX.
"AVOIR,"
to have.
Tenses.)
participle
past,one of the primary tenses
(seeLesson XVI.), helpsto form, with an auxiliary
verb, all the compound tenses.
The
Autrefois,/ormerZy
beaucoup de, onany
prix {m.),prize
temps {m.),tiirie
voiture (/.),
carriage
chagrin (m.),sorrow
bonheur
(m,),happiness
6cole (/.),
school
(m.),courage
courage
27
Model
J'ai
1.
des
et
frere
mon
voiture.
une
le
du
riez^eu
et
une
I should
had
some
du
have
You
have
some
chagrins.
Vous^au-
8.
20.
time
have
4.
have
had
the
at
would
They
had
had
some
had
had
Lewis
will
She
6.
will
have
had
some
We
had
The
Bedroom.
8.
we
formerly.
paper.
school.
if
have
sorrows
7.
riage.
car-
books
many
happiness.
some
prize
They
had
if I
had
3.
money.
will
had
had
des
bonlieur,
had
would
We
courage.
6.
nous"avions_eu
courage.
2.
had
si
temps
Exercise
1.
de
Elles^auront^eu
6.
Nous"eumes_ea
7.
papier efc
I'argent. 3. Ma
4. Mon
plume.
des
prix^a I'ecole.
aiiront_eu
aurions^eu
Nous
6.
I'encre
de
eu
Boeur^aura
du
auraient"eu
s'ils_avaienfc"eu
plumes
cousin
Georges
et
livres.
de
beaucoup
autrefois
eu
Cliarles
2.
Szercise*
patience.
CONVERSATION.
Chambrr
La
C.
Tu
Coucheb.
crois
je les^ai
que
You
them
caches.
G.
.T'en suis
C.
Tu
G.
Je
C.
Tiens,
G.
Je
C.
II
G.
as
sfir.
right.
are
vu.
saw
you.
les voici.
Take
them
D'y a pas
Maintenant,
et
de
quoi.
voici
tes
ton
brosses.
; here
Don't
you.
mention
Now,
liere
and
hidden
have
of it.
sure
Thark
te remercie..
peigne
am
You
raison.
t'ai
think
your
they
are.
it.
are
your
brushes.
comb
28
LESSON
THB
AUXII.1ARY
XXI.
"
V"IIB
to have,
AVOIB,"
Tenses.)
(Coxupound
SUBJUNCTIVE.
PLUPERFECT.
PERFECT.
(Tliigtense
the
is formed
the
1 may
have
(That
Que j'aieeu
imperfect subjunctive
of the
auxiliary.)
(That
had)
auxihary.)
I
had)
have
tni'jht
Que j'eusseeu
aies_eu
or
qu'il qu'elleait_eu
que
que
nous_ayons_eu
que
nous_eussions_eu
que
vous"ayez_eu
que
vous
que
with
is formed
(This tense
subjunctive
present
of the
with
tu
tu
eusses
eu
qu'ilor qu'elleeut_eu
eussiez^eu
qu'ilsor qu'elles^eussent^ea
qu'ilsor qu'elles^aient^eu
INFINITIVE.
PERFECT.
(This tense
is formed
with
infinitive present of
the
the
auxiliary.)
Avoir _eu
had
to have
INTEEROGATIVELY.
INDICATIVE
Ai-je eu
INDICATIVE
PERFECT.
Eus-je
etc.
3rd
a-t^iLeu ?
INDICATIVE
person
INDICATIVE
etc.
ANTERIOR.
etc.
FUTURE
Aurai-je eu?
PLUPERFECT.
Avais-je eu?
eu
PAST
CONDITIONAL
Aurais-jeeu
ANTERIOR.
etc.
ANTERIOR.
etc.
NEGATIVELY.
INDICATIVE
PERFECT.
Je n'ai pas_eu,
INDICATIVE
Je n'avais
etc.
PLUPERFECT.
pas^eu,
etc.
INDICATIVE
PAST
ANTERIOR.
Je n'eus
pas^eu,
etc.
CONDITIONAL
Je n'aurais
ANTERIOR.
pas^eu,
SUBJUNCTIVE
Que je n'aie
etc.
PERFECT.
pas^eu,
SUBJUNCTIVE
Que je u'eusse
etc.
PLUPERFECT.
pas^eu,
etc
29
n'aurai
Je
N'avoir
etc.
pas^eu,
N'aurais-jepas^eu?
21.
Exercise
of
avoir
explainhow
tive
compound tenses of the subjuncand
negativelyand interrogatively,
they are formed.
the
XXII.
LESSON
List
VERB
AV3CZX.ZART
THE
of
the
etc.
N'eus-je pas^eu
out
etc.
ANTERIOB.
PAST
INDICATIVE
"Write
? etc.
ANTERIOB,
CONDITIONAL
? etc.
N'avais-jepas^eu
ANTERIOB.
N'aurai-jepas_eu
? etc.
PLUPERFECT.
INDICATIVE
etc.
FUTUEE
INDICATIVE
PERFECT.
N'ai-jepas_eu
pas^eu,
NEGATIVELY.
AND
INTEREOGATIVELY
INDICATIVE
PEBFECT.
INFINITIVE
ANTEEIOB.
FUTTJBE
INDICATIVE
to have,
"AVOIR,"
(Compound
Tenses.)
Compound
Tenses.
Indicative ;
"
perfect,pluperfect,
past anterior,future anterior ;
conditional anterior ; subjunctive
perfectand pluperfect
perfect.
; infinitive
The
rewojrd.
(/.,)
(m.),tea
cafe (m.),coffse
(m.),im'position
pensum
recompense
tous, all
rain
pluie (/.),
punition (/.),'punishment
merci, thank you
vent
du cafe.
(m.),wind
indulgent, Idnd
Model
1. Avez-vous^eu
beau
Exercise.
du the ?
2.
?
n'avaitcil pas_eu des pensums
nous^aurions
tous^eu
une
punition
3. Louis
4.
Non, mais
si
nous
6.
Que
n'avions
pas^eu
un
vous.,eussiez_eu des
maitre
indulgent.
prix_et des
recom-
30
6. Qu'ils_aient"eubeau temps.
7. Onti
penses.
ils eu mauvais
temps ? 8. Oui, ils^ont.eu de la
pluie et
du
vent.
22.
Exercise
1. We
had
have
coffee.
some
reward
all had
3. Yes
bad
7. Yes
will have
They
8.
had
6. Had
had
; we
had
some
wind.
you
had
not
we
That
4.
5. That
master.
fine weather.
had
prizes.
three
kind
they have
Charles
not
had
; he
had
weather
Had
2.
tea, and
some
rain*
some
CONVEBSATION.
La
C,
Chambre
Coucher.
Habillons-nous
The
vite.
Let
us
Oai, depechons-nous.
C. Je suis pret.
Yes;
G.
Et
And
so
C.
Tu
You
are
G.
C'est vrai.
C.
On
G.
moi
aussi.
es
Sonne
Nous
le
pour
ne
let
us
quickly.
make
baste,
ready.
am
I.
am
1,
quicker than
It is true.
de-
They
jeuner.
G.
Bedroom.
dress
ringing
are
for break-
fast.
sommes
We
pas_en
are
not
late.
retard.
XXIII.
LESSON
TK"
AXrXXX.ZAR7
''
VERB
(Compound
The
with
verb
the
6tre,
help of
to
the
ETRE,"
he.
to
Tenses.)
be,forms
its
tenses
compound
auxiliaryverb avoir,
to
have,
INDICATIVE.
PERFECT.
(This tense
is formed
with
the
present indicative
auxiliary.)
(I have been)
J'ai 6t6
tu
il
as^6t"
or
eile
6t6
nou8_avons_6t6
vous_avez^6te
ils or elles^ont_6t6
of
the
82
nsodel
Pai
t.
2. CI
.ies
Exercise.
^te
aurions^ete
k
avait^ete
son
pere
ete
seuls^a
avec
Londres.
Berlin.
5.
4.
Ma
p^re.
mon
France
longtemps^en
8. Nous
parents.
aveo
sea
sans
Georges si
Nous^eumes^
ete
soeur^aura
uno
6. Elles^
fois_en Espagne.
fois^en Italie,deux
auraient^ete seules^a la ville. 7. Vous^avez^ete
en
retard
deux.
tous
24.
Sxercise
and
1. Lewis
Both
will
brother
my
have
been
have
been
late.
2.
been
there.
often
7. I
to
have
been
to
once
the
town.
CONVEESATION.
La
Salle
G.
C. "
Bon
Manger.
jour,
papa
The
et
Good
maman.
Les
Dining-boom.
morning,
papa
morning,
my
and
mama.
BoDJour,ines^
Parents.
Good
children*
eniants.
Asseyez-vous^et
dejeunez.
Le
Pkre.
La
Mkre.
C.
Un
La
M.
G.
Une
Le
p.
What
Que veux-tu,
Charles
Sit down
breakfast.
and
willyouhave,Charles?
cotelette,je vous
An
if you
please.
And
you, George ?
A chop, if you please.
egg,
prie.
Tu
as
bon_app6tit
matin.
Q,
Oui, j'aigrand'faim.
ce
You
have
this
Yes,
good appetite
morning.
am
very
hungry.
83
XXV.
LESSON
TBS
VERB
AirXXXiZ^RV
to U
''STRE
Tenses.)
(Compound
SUBJUNCTIVE.
PLUPERFECT.
PERFECT.
(Thistense
the
is formed
with
(This
the
present subjunctiveof
auxiliary.)
{That I'may have been)
Que j'eusse6t6
aies_et6
tu
que
et6
eusses
qu'ilor qu'ellee"it_6t6
qu'ilor qu'elleait_6t6
que nous_ayons_et6
que
imperfect subjunctive
auxiliary.)
[That I might have been)
Que j'aie6t6
tu
with
of the
the
que
is formed
tense
nous"eussions_et6
que vous_eussiez^6te
que
vous_ayez_ete
or qu'eUes_eussent_6t6
qu'ils
qu'ilsor qu'elles_aient_6t6
INFINITIVE.
PERFECT.
(This tense
is formed
with
the
infinitive
present
of the
auxiliary.)
{To have been)
Avoir"6te
INTERROGATIVELY.
PERFECT.
INDICATIVE
INDICATIVE
Eus-je et6,
Ai-jeete, etc.
ANTBRIOB.
PAST
etc.
a-tc.ilete, etc.
INDICATIVE
Avais-je6t6,
PLUPERFECT.
INDICATIVE
etc.
ANTKRIOR.
FUTURE
ANTERIOR.
Aurais-je6t6,
etc.
NEGATIVELY.
INDICATIVE
CONDITIONAL
PERFECT.
Je n'aurais
D
ANTERIOB,
pas_6t6, etc*
84
TKDlCATlVE
PLUPERFECT.
Je n'eus
PAST
etc.
Que je n'aie pas^fit*^,
ANTERIOR.
FUTURE
PLUPERFECT.
SUBJUNCTIVE
pas^6t6, etc.
INDICATIVE
PERrECT.
SUBJUNCTIVE
Que je n'eusse
RIOR,
ANTEINFINITIVE
Je
N'avoir
n'auraipas_6t6,etc.
INTEEROGATIVELY
AND
NEGATIVELY.
PERFECT.
FUTUK*
ANTERIOR,
N'ai-jepas_6te,etc.
INDICATIVE
PERFECT
pas^etfi,etc.
INDICATIVE
INDICATIVE
pas.ete,etc.
N'aurai-jepas_6te, etc.
CONDITIONAL
PLUPERFECT.
N'avais-je
pas_gt6, etc.
INDICATIVE
ANTERI("".
N'aurais-je
pas"et6, etc.
PAST
ANTERIOR.
XSxercise
Write
out the
of 6tre
explainhow
LESSON
THE
,a.VXZI.ZAIt7
XXVI.
had ?
the
euphonic
ETXIE,"
to "".
Tenses.)
(Compound
Kemark
"
VERB
in
a-t^il euf
has
summer
village(m,),village
Belf^ique,
Belgium
atn6, oldest
timide, timid
ce
he
85
XVIodel
1. Ave%-voas_ete
jo
Bi
nous"avions_ete
7.
village
au
Paris.
4.
ILa
matin
moins
aient"ete
have
timid.
been
has
he
been
he
Has
been
to
the
morning
to
the
4.
No,
That
village
7. Had
8.
Yes,
have
not
may
to Berlin
Berlin.
to
That
3.
he
last
would
they
winter.
been
not
Belgium
to
2.
last
ready,
yet been
not
brother
this
5.
been
been
Belgium
to
have
might
prets.
8. Qu'ils
26.
have
not
had
we
been
village
J'aurais^
6.
avec
timides.
they
if
summer
a-t^il
au
plus prudeuts.
Esercise
1. Would
pas^ete
si vous_aviez_ete
vous^eussiez^ete
Que
Non,
Belgique
en
Charles
avec
ce
ete
2,
Oii Louis
3.
N'aurais-tu
5.
S(Eur"ainee.
ete
I'ete dernier
ete
pas^encore
riiiver
dernier
sa
Paris
n'ai
ete
Exercise.
No,
6.
eldest
my
he had
been
village.
CONVERSATION.
Satj.e
La
M.
Que
veux-tu
G.
Du
the,
s'il
toi
Et
The
Man'ger.
La
vous
What
plait.
Some
boire
aussi, Charles
La
M.
C.
Non,merci,3'aimemieux
le
liA M.
No,
will you
p.
est
to
drink?
please.
tea, if you
?
too, Charles
you
thank
you
garde
de
te
Mind
you
do
bruler.
Lb
have
prefer
coffee.
caf6.
Prends
And
Dining-room.
tres-chaud.
It is very
hot.
not
burn
self.
your-
PABT.
SECOND
LESSON
XXVII.
ZTfTSHROCiLTZOir
ask
To
1.
the
after
noun
^NH
question
in
verb
simple
in
auxiliary in compound
speak ? avez-vons
you
With
2.
verb
ending
in
and
pronoun
the
With
3.
in
mute,
avoid
to
two
N.B.
put
j^arlez-vons ? do
have
spoken ?
you
between
did
singular
person
he
first person
acute
an
the
speak
speak
verb
singular
accent
ing
end-
the
on
syllables coming
mute
do
parl6-je ?
insert
proafter the
tenses,
third
the
in the
jDut the
parle
parla-t-il
verb
French
tenses
in
vowel,
IfSGATXOTT.
together:
If the
Questions
ce
[is
que
changed
he speak
brother
The
pas
the
ne
can
it
in the
?
sentence
est-ce
speak
ne
que
asked
which
est-ce
by using estcase
nothing
is
votrefrere parla
did
your
negative
;
be
always
that), in
comes
is
composed
before
after
il n'"
of two
w^ords
ne
and
the
pas
parU
if the
pronoun
37
de
de
1', du,
pas
follow
not
.
is
la, des
books; je n'ai
some
does
de
it :
ne
generally'usedinstead
I have
fai dea livres,
I have
livres,
not
any
books.
The
N.B."
lated
English do, does, did are not transinto French
he speak,
; do
you speak,does
? parle-t-il
?
: parlez-vous
etc.,would be in French
I speak, etc., would
did
be:
parlais-je?or
parlai-je?
Le
canif
the
penknife
parle,spoken
donu6-je ? do
parle-je?
la
1. Avez-vous
il n'a
votre
6.
Exercise.
un
donne
n'ai
pas
canif
un
de canif
donne
frere ?
mon
a
votre frere.
4.
pere a-t-il des eleves aujourd'hui?
pas d'eleves aujourd'hui. 5. Est-ce
cousin
Donne-je
7. Tu
a
je
3. Ton
speak ?
niece, niece
I give ?
la
2., Non,
do I
ne
ete le
mon
donnes
pensum
premier
theme
pas
ou
thou
sa
classe ?
version
ta version.
au
que
Oui.
maitre?
8. Est-ce
qu'il
Non.
Exercise
1. Hast
ma
de
Non,
27.
spoken to my teacher ? 2. No ;
I have not spoken to thy teacher.
8. Has
he
quillsto the pupil ?
given a penknife and some
has
not
4. He
given any quillsto the pupils.
I speak to the daughter or to the niece ?
5. Do
do not speak to the daughter, but to the
G. You
niece.
7. Is he at homo
{chez lui)? 8. No ; he
is not at
home.
9. Did
they speak ? 10. No ;
they did not speak.
38
XXVIII.
LESSON
The
is that
stem
change
; the
to
''BOHTXir-ES,"
COlO-JirGATZOlir
FIRST
THE
part of the
which
word
does
changes. Example :
donn-e, I give ; je donn-a.is, I
:
(For
-e,
-er,
-als,
list of
the
not
is that
termination
which
stem
give.
is the
Bonn
gave.
the terminations.
are
primary
Lesson
primitivetenses,se"
or
XVI.)
Tenses.
Simple
INFINITIVE.
PARTICIPLE
PEESENT.
the future
forms
(Thistense
indicative and
the
PRESENT.
forms
(Thistense
of the present
the whole of the
present
conditional.)
the
plural
indicative,
imperfect
and of the
indicative,
subjunctive.
donn-er,
donn-ant, giving
give
to
sent
pre-
PAST.
PARTICIPLE
(This tense
forms
all the
tenses.)
compound
donn-e, given
INDICATIVE.
IMPERFECT.
PBESENT.
(Thistense
forms
the second
singular,the first
person
second
the
and
person
the
etc.)
(rgive,I
am
giving)
is formed
(Thistense
present participleby
changing
(Jgave,
Je donn-e
Je donn-ais
tu donn-es
tn donn-als
il donn-e
il doun-ait
ant
give)
nous
donn-ons
nous
donn-lons
vous
donn-ez
vous
donn-iex
ils donn-aient
into
giving,I
was
to
ils doun-ent
from
ais,
used
40
Exercise.
XKEodel
Le
1.
parlait
L'eleve
2.
Le
4.
pensums.
theme
le
facile
version.
dechirerai
5.
le
He
2.
The
tore
lis
corrigerent
theme
corrige.
were
pupils will
neglect the easy exercise, you
you
would
master
5.
My
imposition.
corrected
6. They
translation.
ma
will
have
tear
an
my
up
translation
the
exercise.
the
and
un
neglected translations.
to the class.
giving lessons
4. II
speak to the masters.
The
3.
donna
the
up
masters
des
29.
Exercise
1.
negli-
nous
Charles
de
l%\p.ve,
donnerait
nous
eleves.
Je
6.
Si
3.
maitre
maitre
aux
lei;on
une
maitre.
au
version,
la
gions
donne
maitre
CONVERSATION.
Salle
La
le
Passe
La
M.
Le
pere.
Passe-moi
p.
La
M.
The
Manger.
sel
beurre
le
ta
Donne-moi
ton
tasse,
Dining-room.
Pass
the
salt
Pass
me
the
Give
me
your
to
your
father.
also.
butter
Charles,
cup,
Charles.
G.
Merci,
C.
Je
Thank
you,
no
am
longer
thirsty.
bieu
voudrais
une
tite
pe-
should" like
tea-spoon.
cuiller.
voilA
G.
En
C.
Oudonc?
G.
Pre?
une.
There
Where
de
ta
soucoupe.
Keur
is
one.
(then) ?
your
saucer.
41
LESSON
CON-JTTGATIOIT
FIRST
THE
XXX.
(Simple
Tenses
to
"DOCTW-ER,"
continued.)
"
primitiveteuses
or
give.
see
son
Les-
CONDITIONAL.
PRESENT.
is formed
(This tense
the
from
to it ais,
(I
"c.)
should
give)
Je donn-er-ai"
nous
donn-er-lon"
tu donn-er-als
voiis
donu-er-lez
il donn-er-alt
ils donn-er-aient
IMPERATIVE.
PRESENT.
is formed
tense
from
the
(This
(Give [i/iou])
.
"
"
"
donn-ons
"
Dnnn-e
donn-ez
qu'ildonn-e
qu'ilsdonn-ent
an
The
second
has
singular never
person
in the imperativeof the first conjugation.
N.B.
"
SUBJUNCTIVE.
PRESENT.
(This tense
is formed
from
ing
the
ant
{That I
Que je donn-e
que
tu
donn-e"
qu'ii donn-e
participlepresent by chang.
into e, "c.)
mo.y
give)
que
que
nous
donn-lona
vous
donu-le"
qu'ilsdonn-cnt
42
IMPEKFECT.
from
is formed
(Thistense
to the second
adding
the
Que Je donn-asse
que
tu donn-asses
que
qu'ildonn-at
Note
always
nous
singularof
this tense
INTEEEOGATIVELY.
Donne-je,
etc.
donne-t-il
(thirdperson)
donnal-je,etc.
donnerai-je,etc.
donnerals-je,etc.
donnal"-je,etc.
NEGATIVELY.
Je
ne
pas. etc.
donne
donnais
je ne
donnerais
pas, etc.
donnai
pas, etc.
donnerai
donnant
ne
etc
pas, etc.
pas, etc.
AND
INTERROGATIVELY
Ne
pas, etc.
donne
pas. etc.
qu'ilne
que je nedonnassepas,
pas, etc.
je ne
je ne
je ne
donne
ne
donne-je-pas, etc.
ne
il pas, etc.
ne
donne-t
ne
donnals-je pas,
ne
etc.
ne
Exercise
Conjugate as
above
FIRST
chant-er,to sing.
XXXI.
LESSON
THE
NEGATIVELY.
COXJXTGATIOir.
(Simple Tenses.)
Eemark
that the
imperativepresent
doim-Q
an
acute
accent
second
has
that the
no
e
of the termination
in the firstperson
takes
indicasingular
43
and
that
donn-6jef
interrogatively,
singular takes a euphonic t :
person
tive, used
the
third
?
donne-t-il
he
difficile
le
la
noun),
[after the
difficult
le morceau,
the piece
the holiday
le conge,
XVIodel
1. Ton
donne-t-il
professeurne
difficiles ?
facilcs.
versions
traduction.
des
themes
Corrige les
donne-je pas
fautes
Non, il donne
2.
3.
Ne
4.
des devoirs
pas
un
dcs
et
de
ma
de
morceau
donnes
5. Non, tu ne
papier a Charles.
pas de
de papier. 6. Qu'il ecoutat
la le9ondu
morceau
donnerait-il
professeur. 7. Le professeurnous
recitions la le9onsans
8. Qui, si nous
un
conge ?
fautes.
Exercise
1. The
and
Lewis
2. The
8.
would
master
teacher
Give
correct
would
if Charles
give a holidaj^
lessons
the exercises
6. That
teacher.
7. That
we
and
might
Does
exercises
the
mistakes.
difficult task.
4.
say
he may
not
may
without
give
not
translations.
easy
the mistakes
of the
he corrects
8. That
their
said
31.
piece of
lesson
my
speak
to
his
he
not
5.
Yes,
tion.
translato
the
brother,
CONVERSA.TION.
La
Sali.r
ItlAXGEE.
J'ai fini de
C.
Et
La
M.
moi
dejeuner.
aussi.
Emportez
The
Thank
you,
done
I have
So have
quelque
Take
DiNiNG-Roojr.
I have
my
breakfast.
I.
something
to eat.
chose
C. Oui,
h manger.
pour notre
gouter.
Yes, for
found
our
lunch.
it.
44
LESSON
THE
FIRST
XXXII.
(Compound
The
give,
Tenses.)
of donn-er
auxiliaryverb
to
"DOIffW-ER,"
CON-JUGATXOXr
is avoir.
The
donn-6
helps to form with
past participle
the auxiliary
verb all the compound tenses.
INDICATIVE.
PERFECT.
(This
PLUPERFECT.
with
is formed
tense
of
present indicative
the
the
the
of the
auxihary.)
il
J'avais
donn6
donne
avez
vous
Us
nous
avions
vous
aviez
with
is formed
(This tense
donno
donne
donne
FUTURE
ANTERIOR.
PAST
past definite
the
donne
ils avaient
donne
ont
donne
il avait donne
avons
nous
avais
tu
donne
donne
auxihary.)
{I had given)
J'ai donne
as
with
imperfect indicative
{I /tare given)
tu
is formed
(This tense
of
ANTERIOR.
is formed
(This tense
the
the
future
the
of
with
liary.)
auxi-
auxihary.)
(I had
J' ens
tu
(f shall
given)
tu
donne
il
donne
il eut
donn"
nous
eumes
vous
eutes
ils eurent
donne
tense
donne
auras
donne
aura
nous
aurons
vous
aurez
ils aui'ont
donne
CONniTIONAL
(This
given)
J'aurai donne
donne
eus
have
is formed
with
donnfc
donne
donne
ANTERIOR.
the
present conditional
auxiliary.)
J'aurais
tu
aurais
donne
donno
ii aurctit donne
nous
aurions
vous
auriez
ils auraient
donno
donne
donne
of the
45
32.
Exercise
Give the
icout-er.
compound
to listen to.
LESSON
FIRST
THE
XXXIII.
CONJUGATZOZr.
(Compound
Tenses.)
Targent (m.),money
to study
6tiidi-er,
la
grammaire,
Is
the
le pauvre,
grammar
better
mieux,
indicative of
of the
tenses
parish
paroisse,
1. J'ai etiidie ma
to admire
le heros
(h asp.), hero
I'hgroine
land, when
f jcher, to ^sTi
1 hameQon
(m.,hmute), hooTc
q
XVIodel
h muie),heroins
(/.,
this
{yn. sing.),
cq
le conte, tale
Exercise.
2. II am*ait mieux
grammaire.
sa
I'lieroine de
avait
le
temps. 3. Nous
versions
aurez
fturons
quand vous
4. J'avais peche avecrhame9on
le devoir.
donne
de I'argentaux
de Louis.
5. J'eus donne
pauvres
le heros
et
de la paroisse, 6. lis ont admire
recite
le9on s'il
corrige les
poor
admirer,
eu
conte.
ce
Exercise
they
have
They would
1.
had
had
to-day.
3.
to the
poor
of
the
hook
and
here
to
George.
the heroine
He
has
said
We
6.
his
if
lesson
given money
had given the
admired
had
of this tale.
yesterday.
their grammar
studied
2.
time.
better
33.
They
the
have
hero
fished
46
CONVEKSATION.
Salle
La
G.
Emportons
C.
Avec
La
Manger.
du
The
Let
pain.
de la confiture.
M.
Cela
Le
p.
jam.
some
bad
You
des
take
better
sandwicbes.
sandwichs.
G.
us
"With
plutOt
Emportez
Dining-room.
take some
bread
mieux.
vaudra
Avez-vous
tous
vos
Tbat
will be better.
Have
you
livres ?
C.
Qui,
les
nous
Yes,
tous.
avons
Paitez-vite, il est
temps.
C. " G. Adieu, a, ce soir.
Le
Start
p.
have
we
them
quick, it
Good-bye,
all.
is time.
shall
we
see
you
this evenin".
LESSON
XXXIV.
COM-JTrCATZOia-.
FIRST
THE
SOlBrzir-ER,
to
give. Compound
Tenses.
"
SUBJUNCTIVE.
pluperfect.
PERFEI.T.
tense
(This
the
the
is formed
present
with
(This teuse
subjunctiveof
the
I may
(That
have
tu
nous
tu
que
given.)
que
ayons
que
donnfi
eusses
qu'ileM
donu6
donnfi
donn6
ayez
que vons
donn6
aieut
qu'ils
que
have
Que j'eussedonn6
aies donn6
qu'ilait
auxiliaiy).
[That I might
given.)
Que j'aiedonn^
que
imperfect subjunctive
of the
auxiliary.)
with
is formed
donn6
nous
eussions
vous
eussiez
qu'ilseusseut
donnS
donn6
donue
INFINITIVE.
perfect.
(This tense
is formed
with
the
infinitive
auxiliary.)
donn6
present
of
th"
48
LESSON
XXXV.
FIRST
THE
coir
JUG
Tenses.)
(Compound
Vers-er, to pour
spill
^^^^^
f to
j^^
er,
renvers
to cut
coup-er,
the
la soucoupe,
la porte, the door
to prepare
to deceive
prepnr-er,
tromp-er,
laiss-er,to leave
cette
ferm-er,
Model
et
vous
coupe
ciseaux ?
lait dans
du
j'airenverse
le
papio-
4.
Nous
to shut
Exercise.
verse
saucer
(/.),
open
ouverte
this
(/.),
1. As-tu
ATZOXr.
avec
2.
cette tasse?
3. Aviez-
la soucoupe.
couteau
uu
ou
dechire
avons
Oui,
des
avec
le
papier.
Que vous
6.
Qu'ilsaieiit prepare la version.
n'eussiez pas trompe le maitre.
7. Est-ce que tu
8. Nou, j'ailaisse la porte
la porte ?
ferme
as
6.
ouverte.
Exercise
1.
had
Had
you not
the door.
shut
deceived
3.
exercises.
siiould
not
have
cut
(). Has
he
torn
the
torn
the
this
saucer.
into the
That
teachers.
their
prepared his
35.
book
8.
glass.
but
I
4.
5.
the
paper
shall
may
That
he
has
have
with
2. No,
they
If I had
book?
he
open
not
might
had
the
some
have
have
knife I
scissors.
7. No, he has
upset this cup
poured
we
not
and
milk
49
C0NVERSATI02T.
Dans
C. Prenons
In
Rue.
la
chemin
un
Let
plus
StrkeT.
the
take
us
shorter
way,
court.
go that
G.
Oui, passons
Yes, let
C.
Cola
It will shorten
G.
De
C.
G.
Je ne m'y reconnais
Nous
nous
sommes
par la.
raccourcira.
nous
By
je crois.
beaucoup,
plus.
us
way.
our
way.
thiuk.
good deal, I
longer
know
We
have
way.
lost ourselves.
We
must
get information.
Ask
this
no
uiy
egares.
C. II faut
renseigner.
nous
G.
DemandeJice
C.
Oui, il
monsieur.
I'air
Yes,
il
comma
geutleman.
he looks
geutlemanlj.
faut.
LESSON
THE
DZrZZ"-ITZ:
XXXVI.
ARTZCX."
THS
"WITH
POSSSSSIVS
CiiSfi.
(SeeLessons
Instead
some
or
of
by
any
1. If there
de
ce
boils
d'
or
a
and
la, de
V.)
negative preceding:
no
translate
1', des,
"
il n'a
pan
books.
comes
adjective
an
he has
livres,
some
before
the
good
books.
noun
il
Charles' book
is in French
This
book
llvre est
master
This
book
This
cux
is
he has
livres,
2. If
de
de
IV.
de
du,
AKD
"DD,"
ce
book
is
le livre de Charles.
:
Charles.
is the
livre est
master's, or
ou
belongs
to
tho
livre
est
belongs
maitre.
to the masters.:
mat ties.
G
ce
60
Le pain,the bread
pour, for
aussi,also
beau, fine
iaon,
good
le cerceau,
Sxerclse.
Model
6.
Louis.
balles
Ces
6.
clles sont
eu
avons
nous
sont-elles
8. Ce
maitre.
au
enfants
aux
Exercise
had
fine
fine paper
belongs to the
and
good books
had
book
child.
George's. 5. He had
6. My brother's pens
livres ?
papier.
7. Non,
I'enfant.
36.
tlieynot
1. Have
have
est
cerceau
est
conteau
ce
pas eu de bons
aussi de beau
4. N'avez-vous
Oui, et
pain. 2. Ce
le
hoop
the
no
are
2.
paper?
?
This
3.
balls
These
4.
They
are
is there.
(/.)money
CONVERSATION.
Dans
la
Eue.
G.
Pardon, Monsieur
Le
Monsieub.
vous,
G.
In
cher
voulez-
eufant
Voudriez-vous
Que
avoir
bUgeance de nous
diquer le chemin
Steeet.
the
Toin-
beg
Would
ness
you
to
have
show
us
the
kind-
the
way
to the school ?
du
lycee?
LESSON
FORMATZOSr
XXXVIL
OF
FEIVSIXIirZIffE
(SeeLesson
K
mute,
the
and
to form
masculine
put
the
grave
noun
UrOTrNTS.
VI.)
ends
accent
on
in
er,
the
add
an
before the
correspondingfeminine noun
: I'icoHer, the school- bo\{;
; lecolibre,the school-girl.
61
If the masculine
into
euse
une
voyageur^
un
in eur,
ends
noun
change
eur
voijar/evi"e,
traveller.
:
Principalexceptions
"
Fem.
Masc.
negro,
negre
ncijresse
tiger,
prophet,
host,
sinner,
hunter,
tigre
prophets
tigresse
prophetcsse
hate
hotesse
pecheur
pe'chercsse
chasseur
chasseresse
actor,
acteiir
actrice
ambassador,
amhassadeur
amhassadrice
is
to chanteur
correspondingfeminine noun
chantevi"Q
singer.
; cantatrice (/.)is a professional
The
pech-er, to fish
Tu-er, to kill
entendu, heard
ouvrier, workman
to work
travaill-er,
pecbeur,fisherman
'
1. II
tue
cantatrice.
une
3.
4. L'ouvriere
du
poisson.
Exercise.
Model
une
tigresse. 2. J'ai entendu
la porte.
La
portiere a ferme
travaille ici. 5. La
pecheuse a
6. La
pecheressea
Exercise
1. The
have
workmen
killed
would
not
poisson,the fish
had
demande
37.
not worked
tiger andatigicos.
have
shut
pardon.
They
here.
2.
3. The
portress
the door.
the
62
CONVERSATION.
Dans
Le
Rue.
la
Monsieur.
tiers.
C.
In
Tres-volonPrenez
Ja
The
Street.
the
Gentleman.
Hngly
; take
inj?on
the
et
vous
will
en
face de
vous.
et G.
Nous
vous
cions
pre-
le
verrez
tliird on
lycee
remer-
right, then
left,and
the school
you
very
we
have
the
you
opposite
much,
sir.
bien. Monsieur.
C. Enfin,
G.-Et
nous
y voila
nous
ne
sommes
last
At
And
pas
we
are
got there I
not
late.
retard.
en
LESSON
THE
XXXVIII.
PZ.1TRAX.
ZU
M-OUSTS.
(See LESSON
If the
ends
noun
it will not
change
the
lefils,
la
If the
in the
singularin
plural:
noun
bateaux, the
les
in
or
x,
z,
the sons
lesfila,
Irs mix, the voices
nose
ends
s,
"
son
the
to form
in the
III.)
le nez,
add
wil-
the
see
you.
Thank
Very
the
nez,
the
noses
singularin
au
or
eu,
the
the games.
The
an
seven
in the
followingnouns,
plural :
ending
"
lis
les
le
bijoux
les caiUou-x
les choux
(jenoux
les hiboux
in ou,
take
53
the toy
lejoujovL,
the louse
le po\x,
The
other
rule, and
les joujoux
ending in
nouns
take
les j^oux
an
follow the
ou
general
verrous.
bien, ivell
le lis,Wy
Achet-er, to buy
le cbemin, the road
la bottine, the boot
le chateau, the castle
maguiiique, magnificent
la noix, nut
in
pluriel,
au
to
chang-er,
the
plural
change
to grow
pouss-er,
Exercise.
Model
1. La
marquise
achete
des
3. Ces
cailloux
de
chateaux
ce
chemin
Los
2.
bijoux.
etaient
sont
pas
ici.
6.
n'a
de
pas
joujoux.
Sxercise
1. The
jewels of
2. Here
8. There
the
33.
marchioness
three
are
boats.
the
are
8. L'eu-
verrous.
owls
on
I have
4.
magnificent.
hedge.
are
the
hlies.
some
clou, nez,
plural of joujou,feu (fire),
chapeau (hat),
Jils,drapeau (flag).
Give
the
CONVERSATION.
Le
La
Classe.
MaItre.
Entrez
The
et
as-
Charles,
seyez-vous.
faites I'appel.
C.
Le
C'est
la
premiere
in, and
Charles, call
It is the
Seul
been
pas
uu
over.
depuis longtemps
ftbseut.
down.
sit
Come
time
qu'il n'y
Class.
first time
that
a
there
for
has
singleabsentee.
long
not
54
LESSON
THS
If the
into
al
horse
ends
to
Zir
rule
singular,change
phiral : le chevaJ, the
the
suhslantives
Seven
in the
in al
form
irOTTKS.
; les
same
PZ.VRAX.
noim
aux
XXXIX.
ending
in
les b"ux
the air-hole
so7(pira.il,
the
"
le
le
follow
ail
other
rule, and
take
an
les
eniaux
les
sou]"iia.ux
'
door
les vantaiix
glass
coraux
h's ^raraux
les vitraux
the ral
genele gouveniAil, the rudder,
ending
nouns
les
in all
follow
les gouvernaila.
Bris-er,to
hreah
la cave,
the
ces, these
trop, too
cette
cellar
this
(/.),
I'eglise(/.),the church
general, (jeneral
court, short
much
terminer, to terminate
XVXodel
1. lis
ont
hrise
Exercise.
les
2. Ces
ji'ont pas
cette
ont
des
ont
caves
termiue
eglise sont
commande
tres-courts.
les travaux.
4.
magnitiques.
des chevaux.
5.
6. Us
Les
Les
out
vitraux
de
generaux
des baux
6G
and
Le he tail (singular)
les hestiaux
both
(plural),
cattle.
mean
niustre, illustrious
le chevalier,the knight
perdu, lost
le meme
jour,on
day
Ses
2. EUe
the
same
vicieux.
lier,before
or
perdu
Bombres.
5.
les cieux.
1. His
2. He
ciels
Des
6. Les
de
d'etoiles
bestiaux
sont
Exercise
40.
were
lost
two
had
his
les clievaux
tableaux
ces
not
jour.
meme
pour
milliers
ancestors
chevaliers.
le
aieuls
necessaires
sont
Les
pluralnoun.
d'illustres
deux
ses
Exercise.
etaient
aicux
4.
of
brill-er,to shine
travails
8. Les
dark
de, thousands
champ, field
XtSodel
1.
vtcious
des milliers
his
ses,
vicieux,
Bombre,
sont
trop
brillent dans
dans
le
champ.
illustrious.
very
grandfathers. 3. The
cattle were
not in this field yesterday. 4. His
5. The heavens, the brakes
eyes are very small.
for shoeing horses, the oval windows, the bedtesters, the air-holes,the cattle,the coral,the
the toys.
games,
CONVERSATION.
En
G.
Classe.
Monsieur, il y
In
Sir, there
deux
61eves
qui
chez
Le
"'
are
boya
two
(pupils)
laisse leur
ont
Class.
devoir
who
have
eux.
M.
lis
f ois
copieront
cent
will copy
times :
They
Chez
moi,
chez
toi,
"At
Chez
eux,
chez
lui."
At thfcii-home,
luy
home,
at
hundred
thy home,
at his home."
57
LESSON
XLI.
QViLX.XFYZXrC
ADJECTIVES.
Formation
of
the
Feminine.
(SeeLesson
If the
s,
The
adjectiveends
the
double
the feminine
to form
with
used
before
consonant
latter that
before
used
one
or
vowel
they form
li
an
or
an
wute
beginning
noun
aspirate,and
h mute
for the
the
other
it is from
:
the
"
Masc.
consonant
jumeau,
La
forms
two
their feminme
Masc.
(Beforea
et, ot,
"
followingadjectiveshave
masculine, the
form
VII.)
or
(Beforea
vowel
or
twin, makes
jumelle,
from
woman
le cadeau, the
gift,theprescnt
an
old
jumel.
femme,
rhomme,
Tai-bie
the
the
man
{m.),the tree
invit-er,to invite
i'ami, the friend
58
Exercise.
Model
1. La
est fort
4.
Cette
tigresseest
tres-cruelle.
ancienne.
3. La
6. Voici
homme.
un
fol enfant.
cousine
est
Charles
10.
etait
femme
Sa
plume
n'est
vieil arbre.
fort belle.
9. Voici
avait invite
son
7. Louis
beau
un
nouvel
Exercise
bel
un
est
tres-vieille et
est
soeur
bonne.
pas
5. Voila
muette.
un
8.
2. Cette maison
sa
cadeau.
ami.
41.
4.
Here
is
old tree.
6. This
ball is not
very
child.
handsome
so
church
big
5.
is very
mine.
as
There
is
ancient.
8.
This
woman
very
7.
Thy
is
good.
XLIL
LESSON
ABJTECTZVSS.
QVAXiZTYZIO'G
ForiKtation
of
feminine
tbe
of
Feminine,
adjectivesending in
and
accent
e mute,
put a grave
er, ier, add an
the e precedingthe consonant
: /ior, proud,
on
foreign,{Jem.)etramjhTe.
(fem .)fibre ; e'cranijer,
in et form their feminine
The foliowinf5adjectives
To
form
in the
the
same
way
"
59
If the
adjective ends
in
in tlie masculine,
La
actif, active
Model
1. La
bijoux.
8.
Nous
cousine
de
soeur
La
2.
Exercise.
Charles
etait fort
mere
parlous une
.est jalouse
heureuse.
5.
est
inquietede
de
sa
que
ma
soeur,
et
ses
fils.
ses
langue etrangere.
Est-ce
complete ? G. Non,
tres-incomplete.
tres-fiere de
Ma
4.
elle n'est
grammaire
grammaire neuve
ta
pas
est
neuve
est
dejil
42.
Exercise
No; it is very
sister is jealousof her cousin,
incomplete.
and
cousin
is very unhappy.
4. His mother
my
did
is very old, but
she is very active.
5. They
not
speak a foreign tongue. 6. She was
very
proud of her present.
1. Is
this
page
8. My
complete
2.
CONVERSATION.
Classe.
En
Le
M.
vos
vous
In
Maintenant,
fermez
livres ;
allez r6citer
vos
le-
(jons.
Robert, levez-vous;
tenez-vous
droit,
et repondez
a
mes
ques-
Now,
shut
Class.
your
booka;
say your
;
straight,
answer
questions,
my
tions.
Robert.
Monsieur,
sais pas
ma
je
leQon.
ne
Sir, I do
son.
not
know
my
lea-
60
LESSON
XLIII.
VX3S-G
QVAXiXF
ASJfCTZVES.
Formation
If the
adjectiveends
to form
C'lse
of
in
change
eup,
the feminine
( ffin.)
trompeuse
jlattenae.
Fdminine.
tlie
deceiving,
jiattenr, flattering,(fern.)
trum/tenr,
The
take
following, in eur
meilleure:
meilleuT, better, {fern.)
followingtake
"
exterior
exterieiir,
mitcrieur, anterior
posterior
posterieur,
ice
"
Masc.
Fem.
accusing
protecting
accusateur
protccteur
The
followingtake
esse
accKsatrice
protectrice
"
Masc.
La
mute:
an
interior
interieur,
meilleur,better,
majeur, major
minear, minor
superieur,superior
inferi-or
inferieur,
The
into
eur
Fem.
veiKjeur
avengmg
vent/eresse
enchanteur
charmins:
enchantercase
sieniie,his
la leur, theirs
la lumiere, the
le pays,
the
sauv-er,
version
lumiere
save
implor-er,to
light
la
country
implore
puissance, the
causeur,
power
talkative
Ezsrcise.
BEodel
1. Ma
to
plume
est
trompeuse.
voix enchanteresse.
protectrice.6.
Elle
4. Cette cantatrice
5. II
une
implore sa puissance
u'est pas
causeuse.
61
43.
Exercise
My sister
protectingpower
1.
translation
feminine
is not
has
will
and
be
talkative
so
this
saved
better
meaning
of
3.
His
Give
the
country.
than
2. A
his.
as
mine.
"
accnsateiir,
vengeur,vwu,
pro-
CONVERSATION.
En
Le
M.
B.
J'ai
Classe.
Pourqnoi
mal
eu
pendant
et ma
How
la tete hior
I had
la soirc-e,
vous
a ecrit
mere
pour
vous
yesteivlny
headache
whole
during
and
mother
my
letter
to
to you
excuse
evening,
has written
to
ask
A.DTECTXVS3S.
QUAilPYlUG
of
tlie
remiaizie.
following adjectivesform
;
ii'regularly
The
their
feminine
"
Masc.
faux
rovx
doiix
hlanc
franc
sec
frais
caduc
you
me.
XLIV.
LESSON
Pormation
the
prierde m'excnser.
Class.
is that ?
cela ?
toute
lettre
une
Ix
decayed by
age
caduque
62
Fern,
publique
turqiie
grecqiie
longue
benifjne
maligne
favorite
coite
La pi^ce d'ua franc, the
franc piece
I'eau
(/.),the
I'encrier
one-
la fleur
cousine
fausse.
est
2. Leur
tres-douee,mais la mienne
3. Cetteeaun'estpasfraiche.
dans
seche
est
donne
franc
est
maligne.
cre
the flower
(/.),
Exercise.
pieced'un
Cette
inkstand
ivater
Model
(m.),the
cet
encrier.
longue version.
une
5.
Le
Cette
6.
maitre
flcur
est
tres-blanclie.
Exercise
4ft.
is not
My Greek (afterthe noun) grammar
gentle and more
complete. 2. His sister is more
frank than theirs.
3. We do not like a long translation.
1.
This
4.
meaning
and
turc, roux,
ink is much
the
feminine
too thick.
"
Give
the
of the
benin,favori,sec,
following: coi,
caduc, public.
CONVERSATION.
En
Classe.
la lettre.
Le
M.
Donnez-moi
E.
La
voici,monsieur.
Le
M.
C'est bien
asseyez-vous.
C'est a votre
Savez-vous
Ciass.
In
Give
Here
That's
the letter.
me
it
is, Sir.
right;
all
sit dowr,
tour,Charles.
votre
le"?ou?
It is yonr
Do you k
turn, Charles.
ow
your
lessou f
64
I'assiette
le
the plate
(/.),
plat,the
touch-er
dish
si,to toibch
to break
cass-er,
ordinal, ordinal
ramass-er,
nombre
le
(m.),number
to
pick
up
prindple
principe,the
appris,learnt
model
Exercise.
2. Ta
1. Ces
as
une
appris
8.
les
nombres
ordinaux.
vifs.
de
nombres
4.
Les
5.
livres.
cardinaux
Ces
6. Ne
touchez
8. Les
casse.
n'ont
pas
de
morceaux
tres-
encore
pas
cette
pas
les
sont
ne
eleves
nouveaux
7. Eamassez
cassee.
hommes
gros
les
et
II
assiette
ce
plat
principesgeneraux.
Exercise
45.
dish.
2. They shall
up this broken
learnt the cardinal and the ordinal numbers.
1. Pick
have
3. These
not
pretty women
these handsome
touch
the
Give
paresseuXf
not
are
plural and
meaning of:
meilleureloyal.
nouveau,
Deg-rees
(SeeLessons
its
4. Do
egal, graSf
XLVI.
QXTAXiXFirZlirG
forms
tall.
plates.
LESSON
bon
very
of
.aSJECTXVES.
Comparison.
VIII.
and
IX.)
larly
de^*ees of comparison irregu-
Bon, good
Petit,
meilleur,better
and
little,
mauvais,
le
bad, form
their
65
gularly,
also irre-
as
When
"
is
Much
heaucoup or
heaucoup or tres,never
tres;
very
is also
much
tres-beaucoup.
(m.),the
L'accent
malade, ill
ils savent, they l"now
accent
French
fran"jais,
Model
1. Son
Kobert
accent
Eobert.
4. Ma
maitre
3.
l'accent
que
Nous
aimons
heaucoup
son
version
a
etait malade
7.
est-il meilleur
2.
Exercise.
hier,mais
Georges est
il est mieux
meilleur
que
better accent
que
frere.
5. Le
6. II
aujourd'hui.
Charles.
46.
Exercise
theynot
de
than
very
my
much.
friend ?
2. Have
3.
No,
65
but
4.
they know
we
of all)hettei*.
(last
grammar
best translation
His
have
the
is not
good. 6. We
yesterday,but
very
worse
very ill ; we were
better to-day. 6. This paper
been
are
is not better
mine.
than
CONVERSATION.
C. Je
I'ai
In Class.
Classe.
En
apprise de
I learnt
mon
it
as
well
as
I could.
mieux.
L. M.
Dites-moi
les
jours
en
fi animals.
de la semaine
Tell
week
Vous
M.
of
days
th"
in French.
Monday, Tuesday,
day,
Wednes-
Thursday, Friday,
Saturday.
You forgetSunday.
di-
oubliez
the
me
manche.
d'Ernest.
C'est le tour
Dites-moi
mois.
les
noms
des
Tt is Ernest's
turn.
Tell
names
the
me
of
the
months.
LESSON
XLVn.
KTITMSBAXiS.
(SeeLessons
Cardinal
20,
30,
40,
50,
GO,
70,
80,
GO,
100,
vingt
XI.
and
XII.)
ZUuxubers.
vingt-et-un
soixante
21,
81,
41,
51,
61,
soixante-dix
71, soixante-et-onze
trente
quarante
cinquante
quatre-vingts
quatre-vingt-dix
cent
1.000,millo
trente-et-un
quarante-et-un
cinquante-et-un
Boixante-et-un
81, quatre-vingt-un
91, quatre-vingt-onze
101, cent un
1,001, mille un
67
Bemark
is the
one,
feminine
ime^
which
number
only cardinal
has
one.
201.
take
vhigt cannot
by another number, or
and
Cent
followed
they
they
are
used
are
thousand
2,000,000
into i7iilin
thousand, is shortened
the
Christian
The
era.
substantives
are
deux
after
numbers
millions
tioning
mena
"Lliommes,
men.
II y a, Vaere is
il y avait, there
or
arriv-er,to happen
poss6d-er, to possesi
marchand, dealer
ceci,this
are
or
was
were
there!"
or
were
there?
la
if
if
the date
to express
MUU,
an
cela, that
bourse,the
I'an
purse
XMCodel
{m.),the
year
Exercise.
1. H
bourse.
y avait trois cents francs dans ma
2. II y a
trois cent
cinquante francs dans la
ici?
mienne.
3. Y a-t-il deux millions d'hommes
4.
Nou, il y
arriva
dait
I'an mil
ici deux
huit cent.
mille
hommes.
6. Ce marchand
chevaux.
quatre-vingt-dix
5.
Ceci
poss6"
(^S
"7.
Exercise
there not
1. Were
there
That
6.
there
Are
3.
ten
No,
2.
million
here?
men
francs.
202
were
francs iiiliispurse.
80
Write
4.
in French
out
words:
C.
In
Classe.
Janvier,fevrier,mars,
avril,mai, juin,
aofit,septembre,
juillet,
octobre, novembre,
d6-
ber.
cembre.
Le
M.
That's
tres-bien,
C'est
Charles
Class.
Charles
well
very
(said),
;
'
seulement
un
peu
il faut
plus
only you
parler
haut.
LESSON
speak
must
little louder.
XLVm.
"ru"xx:RAZ.s.
XI.
(SeeLessons
To
cut
form
off the
the ordinal
e
and
numbers
add
XII.)
and
Idxne
60,
trente, trentienUf
to the cardinal
rest, simply add idxne
number:
For
70th, soixante-dixieme, "c.
81st, 41st, etc., do not use premier, but imieme,
SOtli ;
for
the
trente- et-unieme.
Use
used
the cardinal
number
instead
after names
Englifih: firstly,
secondly,in speaking of the date
Henri
quatre, Henry the Fourth;
of the ordinal
of
in
fourth
of June.
of
sovereigns;
the
month
69
quatre the
that in Henri
Remark
is not
translated,and that in
Enghsh **of is dropped.
le
English the'*
quatre juin the
**
"
Exception:
"
and
For
number
Succ6der
a, to succeed
la
dernier, last
the ordinal
use
le premierjuin,
naissance, hirth
I'oucle,uncle
la tante, aunt
c'est,it is
c'etait,it
series,
I'anniversaire
was
I'anniversaire
(m.),anniver-
sance,
de
la
nais-
the
birthday
Henri
sa
classe,et la
qu'ilarrivera
sary
XUEodel
1.
2.
Sa
mienne
ici le
trois
Exercise.
est
soeur
la
de
derniere
premiere. 3. Est-ce
premier Janvier? 4. Non, il arrivera ici le
fevi'ier. 5. C'est aujourd'hui le soixante-
douzieme
oncle.
la
trois.
esj
anniversaire
6.
anniversaire
C'etait
de
hier
Ja
le
de la naissance
Exercise
naissance
de
mon
cinquante-et-unieme
de
ma
tante.
48.
Give
the
ordinal
numbers
corresponding to:
70
CONVERSATION.
En
Le
M.
Classe.
In
Jean, dites-moi
leg
John, tell
Class.
the
me
names
noms
des
Jean.
quatre saisons
Le
printemps, I'^t^,
I'automne,
Le
M.
of the four
Quel
Spring, Summer,
I'hiver.
est le genre
du genre
What
The
masculin.
are
feminine
mute
forms
masculine
her
used
are
noun
thy sword;
(/.),
seasons
of the masculine
gender.
mon,
X.)
ton,
instead
of ma,
beginning with
amie
mon
four
ADJECTIVES.
{See Lesson
or
gender
XLIX.
POSSSSSXVE
his
is the
LESSON
The
Winter.
Autumn,
seasons
(/.),my
humeur
son
son,
ta, sa
vowel
a
my,
thy^
before
or
an
friend ; ton
epee
(/.,h mute), his or
her temper.
This
is done
be
produced by
sa
liumeur.
to
avoid
the two
the French
vowels
ma
would
SLmie,ta. ^pee,
possessiveadjectiveagrees in
gender with the objectpossessed and not with the
possessor, as in English,it follows that his and her
before a masculine, and
will be translated by son
Here;
: his book, son
by sa before a feminine noun
her book, son
livre; his pen, sa
plume ; her pen,
Ba
plume.
As
72
LESSON
TBB
Masc.
L.
ABJSCTXVS.
SSnSOirSTRilTZVE
Sing,
thisybefore
ce,
an
consonant
aspirate:
livre,this book
heros,this hero.
ff
this,before
cet,
iy
vowel
h mute
this
Fem.
Sing.
t//is: cette
cette,
cet
child;cet
this
cette
or
ce
ce
an
or
enfant^
/lowme,
man.
j^^^e,this girl;
this
amie,
friend.
Plural.
ces,
those books.
livres-ld,,
ces
Le
vrai,it
Touvrage (m.),work
la
the feather
plume (/.),
le bee, the beak
fort, strong
is true
Model
1, Admirez-vous
Exercise.
ce
tableau-ci ?
2.
Non,
nous
3. Avez-vous
besoin de
preferons ce tableau-la.
besoin de cos
ces
plumes-ci? 4. Oui, nous
avons
plumes-ci et de cette encre-la. 5. Les plumes de
ce
hibou
sont
fort
belles.
besoin de la marchandise
6. Nous
de cet homme.
n'avons
pas
7. Cette
73
longtemps. 8. Cet ami est tr^sfidele. 9. Ce livre-ci est plus cher que celui-1^.
10. C'est vrai ; mais cet ouvrage-ci est plus complet que cet ouvrage-li.
amiti^
durera
Exercise
50.
wants
these
worlis ?
7. We
want
8. This
and
book
this
that work.
is mine.
money
CONVERSATION.
En
Lb
M,
Comment
lez-vous
Le
In
Classe.
vous
appe-
Class.
is your
What
name
Kouveau.
Je
m'appelle
My
is Richard.
name
Richard.
Le
M.
Avez-vou8dgjS,appri8
lefrau(;ais?
Oui, monsieur,
Richard.
un
aheady
Have
you
French?
learu*
little.
Yes, Sir
; a
Can
you
translate
Not
very
peu.
Lk
M.
a
R.
Pas
Le
M.
Pouvez-vous
traduire
livre ouvert
sightf
tres-bien.
Savez-vous
at
bien votre
grammaire ?
li. Oui, monsieur
assez
Do
well.
you know
well ?
Yes,
sir ;
your
grammar
pretty weU.
Men.
LESSON
coiTTTrercTzvs
psrboitax.
{See
The
LI.
Lessen
conjunctivepronouns
psoNOxnrs.
XIII.)
are
generally
placed
74
Exceptions.
Place
the pronoun
1. In
sentences
interrogative
only) :
as-tu
the verb
2. When
first and
thou
is in
second
"
ject
(thepronoun-sub?
the second
gular,
person sinperativ
plural of the im-
persons
there is no negative
i.e. when
afifirmative,
in the sentence : dojine-lea,givethem
; but ne lea
donne pas, do not give them.
N.B.
"
moi
use
IMCe
and
te
and
toi
lave-toi, wash
are
used
never
after the
verb,
m',
use
la'en, give
yourself; donne
t'
me
some.
Do
not mistake
for
noun)
noun) :
a
book
them
Us ont
adjective(whichis joined to
an
pronoun
(which is used
perdu
donne
Us leur ont
the
la porame,
lost their
livres,
they have
rouge,
given
(aftera
red
plac-er,to place
le fruit,the fruit
apple
plus, either
non
of
books.
some
La
instead
ne-
conseoitez, consent
gative)
apport-er, to bring
XMCodel
1. Si
2. Tu
vous
as
des
avez
mes
Exercise.
livres,donnez-les
cerises,donne
et vous
de pommes
4. Ne
m'apporte pas
m'en.
n'en
aviez
3.
Charles.
Je
n'avais
plus.
mes
plumes d'oie,apporte5. Place-toi
moi
mon
encre
ici, ne te
rouge.
leurs livres,ne leur
place pas la. 6. Donne-leur
donne
?
pas leur papier. 7. Ont-ils des pommes
Qui, ils en ont, 8. Je n'ai pas de fruits aupas
pas
non
75
demain.
joui'd'hui
; j'en aurai
10. N'y consentez
pas.
Exercise
have
51.
the children
1. Have
2.
toys?
any
Yes
not
to it.
consent
do
fruit.
some
Bring me
some.
5. If you have any apples,bring me
not placethyself
here, placethyselfthere.
had
not any
and
had
not
we
any quills,
some.
8. If you have any cherries, give me
ink.
their
bring
not
4.
6. Do
They
7.
either.
9. Do
to it.
Consent
10.
they
their grammars,
them
Bring
3.
some.
Consentez-y.
9.
CONVERSATION.
En
Le
M.
In Class.
Classe.
Nommez
les
the
Name
princi-
principalparts
pales parties
du
K.
corps
tete, la main, le
La
body.
the
hand,
of the human
humain.
head,
The
pied.
the
foot.
Le
M.
N'en
pas
d'autres
Don't
connaissez-vous
que
que
I know.
je sais.
LIT.
LESSON
PEBSOXTAXi
BZSJVirCTXVi:
THB
{SeeLesson
The
my
PROSrOXTM-S.
XIV.)
personal pronouns
disjunctive
there
1. When
the
know
of any others ?
No, Sir ; that's all
cela ?
you
verb
Mon
are
frere
more
et
lui
than
are
used
"
subject to
cnrriyerontla version^
one
the translatioii.
7d
2. In
answer
is there ?
Who
He, get a
II est
am.
la ?
est
he
moi,
avec
5. Before
; il est
plus
I ; c'est lul
qui
me
self;moi-mdme,
mdxue,
myself
I'habit
arriv-er,to arrive
dire,to
say
c'est
ce
frapp-er,strike,to knock
1* montre,
"
1. Chacun
Exercise.
soi est
pour
2. Lui
et moi
dechir^
cette
nous
des
Moi.
gravure
maxime
une
aurons
frcre
!
5. Qui est
pareille
a
un
plus bel habit
ront
ici demain
la?
roses.
4.
Lui, dire
toi.
8.
II
une
6. Ton
cesonteux.
que
lui.
avec
^goiste.
3. Qui a
7. lis arrivea
pele
cette
lui-meme.
pomme
52.
fixercise
1.
the watch
trouv-er,to find
clir6tien,Christian
Model
chose
coat
qui, who
engraving
themselves
eux-memes,
(m.),the
pel-er,to peel
sont
un
c'est, c'^talt,
is with
*Y
Mou
: after que,
prepositions
4. After
etc.
the sake of
3. For
prix!
question: Qui
to
friend has
My
wa.tch than
prettier
I have
out),
6. Who
has
8.
knocks
at
the
I, strike him
door?
It
He
[tobe left
has
is I.
77
CONVERSATION.
En
LeM.
In Class.
Classe.
Charles,just give us
Charles, donnez-nous
done
liste
plus complete.
tete, I'Spaule,le bras,
ane
C. La
la
The
the haiui,
arm,
le
jambe,
the
pied,
the toe,
face,the
I'orteil,
figure, le coude, le
Hst.
compleia
more
main,
le tronc, la
la
foot,
the
genou,
le
Le
the
doigt, I'ongle.
M.
Quel
What
de
est le genre
deux
du
sont
autres
nail.
t" of
geiK'":
is the
epaule, orteil,ongle ?
C
Epaule est du feminin,
les
finger,the
Shoulder
is feminine,
the
others
two
line.
mascu-
ai-e
masculin.
LIII.
LESSON
THE
When
POSSESSXVS
there
is
PROKTOXnirS.
only
one
possessor
SISGULAK.
"
PLURAIi.
Masc.
Fern,
Masc.
Fern.
1st pers.
2ad
"
Is mien
la mienne
les miens
les micnnes
le tien
la tienne
les tiens
les tiennes
Jrd
le siea
la sienne
les siens
les siennes
"
Meaning
mine
thine
m.
his, /. hers ;
its
When
there
are
than
more
SINGULAR.
Examples.
One
"
leur
que le tien,my
habits sont
nieilleurs
better
Leur
than
habit
possessor
"
PLURAIi.
Mon
tiahit est meil:
possessor
thine ; mes
coat is hetter than
que
thine.
est
one
meilleur
les
More
que
tiens, my
than
one
coats
are
:
possessor
le votre, their coat is
78
better than yours ; leurs habits
vdtres,their coats
are
sont
better than
coat is
pronoun.
voire, like votj'e and voiis, is used in addressing
when
the speaker is not
on
person,
very
Le
one
familiar
terms
ouvert, open
ie
la
Soulier,the shoe
le col,the collar
haut, high
le bouton, the button
ie tire-bouton, the buttonthe
gilet,
tailleur,tailor
la cravate, the tie
le
ct
tes
2. Vos
Exercise.
bottines sont
souliers
cols
sont
sont
ne
8. Ces boutons
4. Leur
toi.
clier,expensive
waistcoat
XtSodel
1. Mes
cuff
the
stiff
empese,
hook
le
manchette,
que
le mien.
5.
manchettes
ouvert
que
les notres.
que
les leurs.
ne
sont
8. Ces
foulards
Exercise
1.
My
ties
are
Bilk handkerchiefs
tailor is dearer
largerthan
his.
not
are
than
sont
plus
33.
long as theirs.
biggerthan mine.
so
thine
6. These
chera
4.
shoes
Our
are
2. Your
8. Their
cuffs
are
youi's, "Lud
80
Exercise.
XKZodel
ceux-la
ou
Quelles
5.
celles-la.
de
est la.
ce
que
9. Ceci est
je te
sont
8.
not
ours,
and
these
or
are
6.
take
take
those
this
silk
are
This
Donne-lui
veux
qui
ce
10. Prends
54"
he
one
gives you.
'6. Which
Thesg
4.
2. This
theirs.
are
7. There
5. Which
that
or
8, Will
one.
waistcoat
collars ;
two
have
you
9.
those ?
or
are
is
their ties,
are
handkerchiefs,these
mine.
of this wine.
10.
what
that is theirs.
your
These
Je
7.
ou
donne.
Exercise
1. Do
moi.
celles-ci
est k toi.
moi, cela
soulierSf
sont
eux.
colui*
ou
tes
sont
mancliettes
celui-1^.
de
et
Quels
Ceux-ci
4.
6. Celles-la
vin-ci
ce
3.
leurs
sont
celui-ci
veiix-tu
some
of that.
some
is mine.
CONVERSATION.
En
Le
Classe,
Qui peut me
quelle difference
In
dire
M.
les mots
entre
il y
Who
"
between
the
words
La
montre,
la
pcndule,
I'horloge,la cloche ?
Pi.usiEi'RS Voix.
Moi.mon-
tell
can
me
tlie dilTerence
suivants:"
Class.
following
"
The
Several
lean, Sir.
Voices.
sieur.
Le
M.
a
Ne
parlez
pas
tons
Don't
all
speak
at
once,
la fois.
Pierre, repondez h.
cette
that
Peter, answer
question?
question.
Pierre.
tre
On
sur
porte
sui.
uno
mon-
One
one.
wears
watch
about
81
LV.
LESSON
"BXiATXVZ:
which
who,
qui,
Vhoinme
qui
PBOIO'OVirS.
la, the
est
who
man
is there.
(forpersons
de
things):
and
(for persons
of whom
only):
speak.
only): V enfant h
I speak.
(forpersons
and
which, what
whom,
(for persons
I
things): Venfant que faiine,the child whom
que,
love.
quol, what
void
de
quo!
je ris, this
tion)
preposi-
is what
am
laughing at.
whose, of
dont,
The
whom
le but
pour
which
or
(for
je parle,the
dont
lequel,
for which
from
things): Vhomme
I speak.
and
persons
of whom
man
things):
or
(forpersons
and
the end
je travaille,
lequel
1 work.
of que
vowel
Venfant
qu'iZ aime"
Satisfait,satisfied
iauG,faded
fauteuil,arm-chair
cass-er,
demeur-er,
to
]et-er,
to live
throw
away
lilas,lilac
to break
de
quoi,about
what
^om,farJaroff
Model
1. Lo
maitre
2. La
fauteuil
sur
rose
Sxercise.
fait.
lequel je travaille est satisqui est fanee est a lui. 8. Le
pour
lequelvous
"4. L'auii
82
loin.
5. Voici la dame
k,
qui m'a invite demeure
des
fleurs.
6. Vous
qui j'ai donne
avez
jete le
lilas que je vous
avais
donne.
7. Voil^ de quoi
je lui parlais. 8. La cantatrice dont la voix est
si belle est ici.
Exercise
2.
child
The
1.
The
lady
which
on
is what
I
did
were
we
whom
not
them.
4. The
throw
away
(man)
poor
The
arm-chair
5.
The
live very
far off.
the
flower
which
is the
3.
mine.
6.
son.
your
great.
(sitting)is not
talking about.
invited
That
is ill.
works
have
8.
some
are
is not
speak
humanity is so
he
you
of whom
whose
for whom
Tnan
55.
Tins
friends
7.
They
you
gave
to whom
I gave
money.
CONVERSATION.
En
On
dans
Les
One
pendules
les appartements.
horloges indiquent
des
in
publics
n'indique
in
pas
time-pieces
rooms.
clocks
the
les lieux
cloche
line
has
The
rheure
dans
Class.
In
Classe.
tell
time
public places
bell does
not
tell the
I'heure.
Lk
Arthur,
comment
Arthur,
traduiriez-vous,
M.
en
would
into
fran(?ais:
The
hands
the
face
the
clock
the
bell
the
of
how
translate
you
French
watch,
a clock,
strikes,
a
of
rings,
pendulum,
the
time-pieoe*
time.
83
LVI.
LESSON
TBB
The
are
ax:x.ATZvz:
relative
pcoio^ouio's.
qui,
pronouns
invariable,but lequel
dont
is variable.
The
relative pronouns
are
French
as
they are often in
quoi,
que,
never
understoocl
English:
in
the child I
faime.
Interrogative
Pronouns.
"
interrogativesentences,
: qui
excejjt dont
parJe? who speaks ? de qui
do you speak ?
? of whom
parlez-vous
be
can
used
in
adjectivequel, m. siiuj.^
interrogative
quelle,,/',
sing.^quels, m.plnr.,"iueUes,f.plur. :
old are
? how
d(jeavez-vous
quel
you ? quelle
There
heure
is an
est-il? what
L'aumune
o'clock is it ?
jou-er,to play
alms
(/.),
has
ilest arrive, {it)
la bague, ring
happened
pari-er,to bet
voisin,neiijhbour
voulez-vous?
willyou (Jiare)? pendant, during
le malheur, misfortune
aeo";el
1.
2. A
Exercise.
Qui
84
A
parle ?
homme
cet
Que demande
Laquelle de ces
voisin,du devoir.
mon
L'aumone.
8.
4.
celle-la?
bagucs voulez-vous, celle-ci ou
est-il arrive ?
Un
5. Quel malheur
grand maletait-il hier a cette heurelieur.. 6. Quelle heure
heure
ci ?
La
meme
qu'aujourd'hui. 7. Pour
qui pariez-vous? Je ne parie jamais. 8. Le
de
core
I'argent est enauquel j'ai donne
pauvre
deux
la.
Sxerclse
To
spoken ? To my neighbour.
2. What
We
not
are
are
you playing at ?
of these two
playing, we are studying. 3. Which
This
hats will you have, this one
that
?
or
one
had?
misfortunes
has
he
4. What
one.
(Dc)
1.
Great
wliorQ
5.
(heures). 6.
have
They
gave
have
you
misfortunes.
o'clock
you
have
56.
you
For
betted.
never
some
bread
there
o'clock
What
will
whom
The
7.
has thrown
An
is it ?
they
Five
bet ?
to whom
poor
8. What
it away.
apple.
CONVERSATION.
En
ARTHuii.
Classe.
Les
montre
In
d'une
aiguilles
The
hands
of
d'une
horloge ;
the
face
I'horloge
sonne
the
clock
the
bell
la cloche
Lk
sonne
pendule,
M.
watch
la
pendule.
Maintenant,
voub
clock ;
strikes
rings ;
pendulum, the
the
Now
of
you
can
pouvez
vous
le cadran
le
Class.
en
la classe
aller ;
est termin6a.
go
the
class is ended.
piece.
time-
85
LVn.
LESSON
rnS
to
''PVM-ZR,"
COHrJUGATZOir
SXSCOZTD
punish,
(Simple Tenses.)
(For the
of tenses, see
formation
and
Lessons
XXVIII,
XXX.)
INFINITIVE.
PRESENT.
to pvmish.
Pun-lr,
PARTICIPLE
PARTICIPLE
PRESENT.
PAST.
Paa-I, punished
Pun-iss-ant, punishing
INDIOATIVB.
PAST
PRESENT.
{Tpunish,
(Tpunished)
punishing)
am
Je pun-l"
Je pun-la
tu
tu pun-Is
il pun-it
pun-l"
il pun-It
nous
pun-iss-ons
nous
vous
pun-iss-ez
vous
pun-imes
pun-ites
ils pun-lrent
ila pun-iss-ent
FUTURE.
IMPERFECT.
(Tpunished,I
I used
was
to
DETINITB.
{Ishall punish)
punishing^
punish)
Je
pun-iss-al"
Je pun-ir-ai
tu
pun-iss-ais
tu
il
pun-ir-as
pun-ir-a
nous
pun-ir-ons
vous
pun-ir-ez
ils pun-ir-ont
il
pun-iss-ait
pun-iss-ions
vous
pun-iss-tex
nous
ils pun-iss-alent
CONDITIONAL.
PRESENT.
(/ should punish)
Je
pun-ir-als
tu pun-ir-ai"
il puu-ir-ait
nous
pun-ir-lon"
vous
pun-ir-lez
ils pun-ir-aient
IMPEKATIVB.
{punish thou)
pun-iss-ons
pun-l"
pim-iss-ez
qu'ilspun-iss-ent
qu'ilpun-iss-o
SUBJUNCTIVE
PRESENT.
{That 1
IMPERFECT.
punish)
may
Que je pun-iss-e
que tu pun-iss-es
qu'ilpun-iss-e
pun-iss-lons
que nous
vous
pun-iss-iez
que
qu'ilspun-iss-ent
Que je pun-isse
que
tu
puu-isses
qu'ilpun-it
que
nous
que
vous
pun-issiona
pun-isslcz
qu'ilspun-issent
elc, roq
(For conjugating jnm-ir interrogatively,
Lesson XXVII., and donn-ery on pages 42 and 47.)
Exercise
Write
out
the
simple
57.
tenses
LESSON
THE
SECOXTB
of ohe-ir,to
LVm.
"
COSTJUGATIOKT
to
obey.
PUXJ-ZR,"
punish.
(Sixuple Tenses.)
Pun-ir
present
has
; this
an
increase
increase
will
(iss) in
reappear
the
participle
naturally in
from
the
parts of tenses, formed
participlepresent, i.e. the plural of the present
indicative, the imperfect indicative,the imperative
and
junctive
sub(through the present indicative
and the present subjunctive.
the
tenses,
or
88
CONVERSATION.
Rl?CRieAT10N.
La
faire
C. Veux-tu
de cricket ?
G^ Nod,
partie
"Will
pas le
No,
we
une
heure
We
have
il fai*t
gouter
uue
n'avons
nous
The
Plat-time.
have
you
cricket ?
have
game
cX
time.
no
temps.
C.
Nous
avons
Oui, mais
G.
Yes, but
avant.
II
C.
whole
vrai
est
It is true
nous
que
that
have
hardly
une
time
to have
partie.
G. A quoi veux-tu
jouer?
0. Propose quelque chose.
What
temps
guere
de
faire
to
The
play
at t
"
PTTXT-ZS,'*
punish.
Tenses.)
of the
formation
Lessons
game.
LIX.
(Compound
(Forthe
will you
COXa-JUGATZOZr
SECOIffB
we
Propose something.
LESSON
THE
luncb
must
we
first.
n'avons
le
hour.
entiere.
tout
XXXII.
compound tenses,see
and XXXIV.)
verb oipunir
auxiliary
is avoir,
INFINITIVE.
PERFECT.
PLUPERJECT.
(/had punished)
(rhave punished)
J'ai puni
tu
il a
puni
as
tu
avons
avez
ils ont
puni
avals puni
il avait
puni
nous
vous
J'avais
pnnl
puni
puni
puni
nous
avion
vous
aviez
ils avaient
puni
puni
puni
89
J*eus
tu
tu
puni
eus
il eut
il
puni
puni
nous
eumes
vous
eutes
ils
J'aurai
puni
puni
J'auraia
tu
should
have
puni
puni
aurais
puni
aura
nous
aurons
vous
aurez
puni
puni
puni
auront
punished)
nous
aurions
vous
auriez
ils
puni
il aurait
puni
ANTERIOR.
CONDITIONAL
(I
punished)
have
puni
auras
ils
puni
eurent
ANTERIOR.
shall
(/
punished)
had
(7
FUTURE
ANTERIOR.
PAST
puni
puni
puni
auraient
SUBJUNCTIVE.
PLUPERFECT.
PERPECT.
{That
ait
qu'il
que
ales
tu
que
qu'il
puni
ayons
vous
ayez
aient
puni
que
out
efit
the
compound
puni
puni
puni
eussions
eussiez
vous
qu'ils
puni
puni
eusses
nous
que
Sxerolse
Write
tu
punished^
have
might
j'eusse
que
puni
nous
qu'ils
puni
{That
Que
j'aie puni
Que
que
punished)
have
may
eussent
puui
puni
S9.
tenses
of
ag-ir, to
act.
90
LESSON
THS
sscosTD
LX.
cowjuaATioisr
to
punish.
(Compound
II faut
the
{followed hy
this
tive),
Tenses.)
homme...
cet
que
plus t6t,
subjunC'
auxiliary)
certainly
certainemeut,
{afterthe
auxiliary)
teudrement, tenderly {after
the
{aSterths
sooner
must...
man
Mpxnr.xB,**
la
{with
deruiere, last
semaine
week
auxiliary)
llf odd
1. Ton
t'aurait-il
maitre
negligetes
Szerclse.
devoirs
si tu n'avais pas
m'aurait
maitre ne
puni
Mon
2.
j;as puni si
aient
oiseaux
ete les
eussent
votre
que
cheri
tendrem^dit
avons
maison
7. Vous
notres.
si vous
enfants
ces
aviez
comme
auriez
s'ils
embelli
de 1'argent. 8. Afin
eu
60.
the enemy
vaded
might not have inthis province. 2. I should not have embellished
1. In order
that
this houpe
if
we
had
not
had
enough
money.
4. No, this
Have
you
91
CONVEESATION.
G.
Jc
ne
J'ai
pas
peux
I cannot
joucr.
long peusum
un
play.
a
long imposition
have
to do.
faire.
gave it to you
head-master.
Who
G.
C.
Pourquoi?
Why
G.
quittantla classe
Ernest,
j'airencontre
qui m'en veut,
On
C.
Play-timb.
The
La. Recreation.
The
En
leaving the
I met
Ernest,
Who
has
class
grudge against
me,
et
sais,
tu
comme
know,
you
ami
sommes
nous
nous
as
had
we
fight.
battus.
C.
All ! Je
Oh
Le
The
comprends.
pass6
principal a
par
et
punis
tous
hca 1
master
that way,
and punished you
la
vous
! I understand.
les
both.
deux.
G.
C'est cela.
LXI.
LESSON
THE
THiaD
"RBCBV-OIR,**
COWJITGATIOW
to receive.
(Simple Tenses.)
(Forthe
formation
of tenses,
and
see
Lessons
XXVIII.
XXX.)
INFINITIVE.
PRESENT.
Kecev-oir,
PARTICIPLE
to receive
PARTICIPLE
PRESENT.
E:;cev-ant,receiving
reQ-u,
received
PAST,
92
INDICATIVE.
(rreceive,1
{Ireceived)
receiving)
am
Je re"?-oi"
Je re(;-us
tu
tu re"?-UB
reQ-ols
il re(j-olt
noud
vous
DEFINTTB,
PAST
PRESENT.
il reQ-ut
reQ-dmes
reQ-At09
nous
recev-on"
vous
recev-eas
ils reQ-urent
ils re^-ow-ent
FUTURE.
IMPERFECT.
(Ireceived, I
I used
(7shall receive)
receiving,
receive)
was
to
Je recev-ais
Je recev-r-Gl
tu recev-al"
tu
il recev-ait
il
nous
recev-lons
vous
recev-ieai
recev-r-a"
recev-r-a
nous
recev-r-on"
recev-r-ez
vous
ils recev-r-ont
ils recey-alent
CONDITIONAL.
PRESENT.
(Ishould receive)
Je recev-r-als
nous
recev-r-lon"
tu recev-r-al"
vous
recev-r-lez
il recev-r-ait
ils recev-r-aleut
IMPERATIVE.
^B^ceivethou)
recev-on"
re(;-ois
recev-ex
qu'ilre"j-oiv-o
qu'ilsleq-oiv-ent
SUBJUNCTIVE.
PRESENT,
[That I
may
IMPERFECT.
receive)
Que je Te(}-oiv-e
que tu re(j-oiv-e"
Que je reQ-usse
qu'ilreq-oiv-e
qu'il rep-ut
que
tu
que
nous
recev-lon"
que
nous
que
vous
recev-le"
que
vous
qu'ilsreg-otv-ent
reg-usses
reQ-usslona
reQ-usslex
qu'ilsreQ-nssent
93
recev-oir interrogatively,
etc.,see
(For conjugating
Lessons XXVII., and donn-er on pages 42 and 47.)
61.
Exercise
simple tenses
: d-u.
past participle
out the
Write
"
COXTJirGilTZOir
THXRB
owe
LXn.
LESSON
THS
of dev-oir,to
RECfiV-OZK,"
to receive.
(Simple Tenses.)
conjugationthe letters cv
of the stem
are
recevdropped in the singular
of the present indicative, je reg-ois,
etc., in the
whole of the past definite,in the singularand in tlio
third person plural of the imperative,in the wiiole
in the past
of the imperfect suhjunctive, and
that in this
Eemark
participle.
Note
ev
of the stem
recev-
plural
regoiv- jn the third person
in
of the present indicative,in the singular and
the third person plural of the present subjunctive,
bccome
and
oiv,
of the
The
letter
by
takes
or
cedilla whenever
apercev-oir,
le
to
tax
perceive
gillie,genius
concev-oir,to
conceive
lowed
it is fol-
je re^-ois,re^-u.
l'imp6t (m.),the
imperative.
la pensee,
the
thought
de, much,
many
beaucoup
to
deceive
d6cev-oir,
de la part de, from
94
AEodel
Til
1.
2.
percevais les
Nous
homme
leur
de
impots dans
presents de nos
apercevons
les deceviez
pas
cadeaux.
lis
7.
8.
Ee9ois
parents^
Cefc
5.
pensees.
6. Que
present
ce
vill"i.
4.
recevront
ne
la
encore.
pas
doivent
beaux
liier des
resumes
les
ne
Nous
D.
Szercise.
vous
lis
ne
de fort
pas
de
la
part
de ton. ami.
Exercise
received
Tliey
1.
uncle.
You
2.
8.
That
are
not
many
will collect
6. Do
money.
receive
some
may
you
would
from
presents
the
here
taxes
their
to-day,
4. They
beautiful
some
62.
us.
fruit to-morrow.
7.
That
8.
They
here.
perceive us
not
deceive
not
CONVERSATION.
La
C.
C'est
G.
Ponr
C.
Qnant
faire
The
Rkcreation.
It is very
fort enniiyeux.
surtout.
moi
a
For
moi, je vais
de
tour
un
Play-tijis.
annoying.
particularly.
me
As
for me,
I am
going
to take a turn
out
promo-
nade,
en
I'lieure
attendant
de
until
school-time,
de
Lend
me
la classe.
G.
Prete-moi
ton
Clioix
your
Header.
Lectures.
C.
Trcs-volontiers
tu
le
la-haut
dans
Very
willingly;
find
trouveras
men
pupitre.
you
it
up-stairs in my
desk.
will
"3
SUBJUNCTIVE
PLUPKRFECT.
PERFECT.
(That I
have
may
{That I might
received)
Que j'aiercQU
que
que
vous
repu
re"ju
qu'ilsaient re";u
There
as
in Lessons
3.
4.
to coiZec;(f
percev-oir,
axes)
2.
que
nous
eussions
que
vous
eussiez
verbs
LXI.
dev-oir,to owe
redev-oir,to owe still
recev-oir,to receive
1.
and
to
ihe
out
in
reqn
re^u
re(ju
conjugated
LXIII., namely :
oir
"
5.
apercev-oir,to perceive
6.
concev-oir, to conceive
7.
decev-oir,to
Exercise
Write
regu
qu'ilseussent
only seven
are
shown
eusses
qu'ile(it re"?u
ayous
ayez
tu
que
qu'ilait re(?u
nous
received)
Que j'eussere"ju
tu aies requ
que
have
deceive
63.
compound
of
tenses
apercev'oir,
perceive.
LESSON
COXJUGATZOir.
THIRD
Tlie
LXIY.
'with
Tenses,
Compound
of
some
tbe
Prepositions.
Prepositionsstand before
and must be repeatedbefore
List of
some
of the most
the
noun
every
they govern,
noun.
commonly
used
positions
pro-
"
de, of
a,
to
or
or
from
devant, before
at
avant, before
{oftime)
deni^re,behind
{ofplace)
97
chez,at
dans, in
pi-es de, near
sur,
of
on
pour,
for
sous,
under
contre,
avec,
with
par,
sans,
without
the
proprifitaire,
le
reuss-ir,to succeed
landlord
the
percepteur,
efforts,efforts
quelque chose, something
tax-col-
the head-master
principal,
rapr6s-midi (/.),the Offter-
la
le
noon
Exercise.
Model
aurions
prietaire.2.
moi
une
{-pi.
m.),all
tons
lector
1. Nous
against
by
malgre,in spiteof
des,from, as earlyas
in the house
or
du
Vous
deux
termes
notre
pro-
les
aurez
le percepteur.
pour
lettre par la poste de
impots avec
que j'aiercQU
per9U
3. Ilfaut
soir.
ce
J'arriverai
4.
la gare avant
toi. 5. Ne te place pas devant
moi.
6. II n'a pas reussi malgre tons ses efforts.
7. Que
je n'eusse
de9U leur esperance.
pas
8. Est-ce que tu as apercu
quelque chose ? Non.
a
9. Avaient-ils
lis avaient
Sxerclse
1. He
has
2. What
has
francs.
3.
received
he
They
quarters'rent.
deceived
him.
them.
them.
6.
7.
You
They
received
4.
owed
must
10.
Non,
principal.
at
my
at your
house ?
their landlord
That
5. We
64.
something
have
eux
might
you
have succeeded
not
will not
H
not
house,
Three
three
have
spiteof
place yourself beiore
arrive
at
in
the
station
98
before
8. You
us.
have
must
received
letter by
afternoon's
post. 9. The tax-collector had
10. Would
collected the taxes in the town with me.
this
have
not
you
received
CONVERSATION.
A
Le
CljA.3SEi DB
liA.
M.
Prenez
pier,
une
plume
nous
L'AprIIS-MIDI.
du
tous
AT
Take
pa-
et de I'encre ;
allons
faire
AFTERNOON
THE
paper,
and
pen,
we
une
some
all of you,
ink;
some
going
are
SCHOOIi.
to
write
from
dictation.
dictee.
first
George, name
the signs of punctuation.
d'abord
Georges, nommez
de
les signes
ponctuation.
la
G. Le point,
virgule,
les deux-points, le point
et virgule,
le point d'interrogation,
le point d'exclamation.
C'est
Lb M.
on
ne
peut
The
the
the
the
That
stop, the
comma,
note
interrogation,
of
note
of exclamation.
could
not
be better.
mieuz.
LXY.
LESSON
TBB
FOXniTH
"
COM-JUGATZOir
ROXISP.RS,**
to break.
Tenses.)
(Simple
(Forthe
formation
XXVIIl.
of tenses, see
and XXX.)
Lessons
INFINITIVE.
PRESENT.
Romp-re,
PARTICIPLE
PRESENT.
Romp-ant, breaking
to hrealc.
PARTICIPLH
Romp-u,
broken
TXBT,
99
INDICATIVE.
(I break, I
am
DBPINlxa,
PAST
PRBSINT.
(Ibroke.)
breaking.)
Je romp-s
Je romp-l"
tu
tu
romp-"
romp-l"
il romp-t
il romp-It
nous
romp-ons
nous
vous
romp-ex
vous
romp-imes
romp-ites
ils romp-lrent
ils romp-ent
FUTUKB.
IMPERFECT.
(7 broke, I
was
T used
to
(I shall break.)
breaking,
break.)
Je romp-als
Je romp-r-ai
tu
tu romp-r-a"
romp-als
il romp-ftit
nous
il romp-r-a
-ions
romp
romp-lea
ils romp-alent
vouB
nous
romp-r-on"
vous
romp-r-ea;
ils
romp-r-ont
CONDITIONAL.
PRESENT.
(Ishould
Je romp-r-al"
tu romp-r-ala
break.)
romp-r-lon"
nous
vous
ils
il romp-r-alt
romp-r-lex
romp-r-alent
IMPERATIVE.
{Break thou.)
romp-on"
Eomp-8
qu'ilromp-
romp
-ex
qu'ilsromp-ent
SUBJUNCTIVE
IMPERFECT.
PRESENT.
{That I
may
Que je romp-e
que
break.)
tu romp-e"
Que je romp-lsse
que
tu
romp-lsses
qu'ilromp-e
qu'ilromp-it
romp-lon"
romp-lex
que vous
qu'ilsromp-ent
que
nous
que
vous
que
nous
romp-l8slon"
romp-isslex
qu'ilsromp-issent
100
For
etc.,te$
interrogatively,
conjugatingromp-re
XXX.
Lessons
and
XXXIV.
-
65.
Exercise
LESSON
THE
FOURTH
simple
The
LXVL
COXTJITGATZOir.
with
Tenses
Adverbs
of
Quantity*
Li this
which
have
before
the
termination
singular of the
defend, he defends
take
; fondre, to
melt; celafond, it
melts.
Adverbs
too
of
much
"
; peu,
bien,much, many
The
heaucoup
trop^
many
adverbs
above
after
them
soldats,many
de
soldiers.
many
others.
Adverbs
the verb
in French
in
are
generally placed
after
liary
simple tenses, and between the auxiand the past participle
in compound tenses :
il jmrle beaucoup,
he speaks much
; U a beauparU, he has spoken much.
coup
101
is
beaucoup
in
as
English ;
translated
are
qualified
by
never
admirablement,
descend-re,
agac-er,
I'escalier
down
come
(m.),staircase
laiss-er,let
tomh-er, fall
le
entend-re, to hear
mord-re, to hite
attendrez
vous
que
to annoy
Exercise.
Model
1. Est-ce
admirably
the servant
domestique,
"
correspond-re,to correspr/nd
vite,quickly
la
much
so
very
adverb
another
ici
longtemps?
3. En
ici tres-peu de temps.
Non, j'attendrai
descendant
I'escalier trop vite,la domestique a
2.
laisse tomber
tendiez
le
chanter
5.
plateau.
4. 11 faut
enque vous
rablement.
cette cantatrice,elle chante admi-
Ce chien-lamordrait
sivous
I'aga-
Bien
9.
Cela
10.
attendent
down
1. Come
8.
wait
as
long. 5. You
yesterday.
pens
7. Coming down
ink fall.
8.
You
shall
more
with
as
sold
6.
not
you.
4. Do
not
not
and
books
many
Do
down.
come
that
break
de toi.
66,
cheap
here
many
chair.
the
others sell
Many
2.
vainement.
encore
one
dogs
10.
another.
would
They
bite if
will
respond
cor-
102
CONVEKSATION.
La Classe
Le
M.
Vous
The
L'ApE"s-MtDi.
de
n'avez
You
ou-
pas
blie,j'espere,
ce
la
les
fermez
les
guillemets,
guillemets. j
monsieur,
Oh
! non,
n'^crirons
nous
toutes
plus
FOX7RTH
fois.
brackets,
mverted
com*
Oh
! no, sir ;
shall
not
down
wrile
any
those
more
LXVn.
SOMP-BI^"
CON^JITGATZOir
to
Compound
The
hne,
in full
LESSON
THS
between
mas.
we
lettres
forgotten,
by
another
words
la derniere
comme
is meant
put between
mots-la
ces
en
put
theses,
paren-
not
hope,
begin
entre
ouvrez
have
what
ligue,
mettez
O.
dire
veut
que
Schoou
Aftebnoon
verb
auxiliotry
break.
Tenses.
of romp-re
is avoir.
INDICATIVE.
PERFECT.
pluperfect.
(Ihave broken)
(7had broken)
J'ai rompu
J'avais
tu
tu
il
as
a
rompu
rompu
nous
avons
vous
avez
rompu
rompu
rompu
avais
rompu
il avait rompu
avions rompu
nous
vous
aviez
ils avaient
rompu
rompu
104
The
of
adverbs blen
and
form
peu
their
degrees
:
comparison irregularly
"
The
Men
mieux
peu
mo
adverb
its
of
manner
termination
to
ment
If the feminine
le phis mal
le pis
be
can
by adding
:
adjective
formed
feminine
courageusexaent,
courageuse,
rison
compa-
"
plus mal
pis
mal
courageuXf
le moins
degrees of
:
irregularly
also
mal
the
ins
forms
mal
regularlyand
Adverbs
le mieux
ously.
courage-
of the
boldly.'
For
the
Combatt-re,
to
le
fight
LXVI.
Lesson
drapeau,
the
flag
cri-er,to shout
d6fend-re, to defend
voulu, wished
r6pond-re,to
plusieurs,several
la
answer
the
1. Vous
avez
vos
ennemis.
leur
2. lis auront
drapeau. 3.
cloche, si tu avals
Tu
aurais
moins
mieux
mieux
cri^.
4.
voulu.
Bonnes.
tombaut.
ensemble
7. Ce
8.
plus souvent,
chien
Us
ont
avait
mordu
repandu
defendu
entendu
vous
respondu
bell
Sxercise.
Model
que
cloche,
si
la
II faut
vous
eumes
vous
que
eussiez
cor-
eussiez
plusieurs per-
toute
la
biere
en
105
68.
Szerclse
shall have
8.
These
4.
Had
beer
spiltthe
1. I have
sold
had
dogs
defended
not
we
bitten
not
yesterday.
to-day than
fruit
more
2. We
the staircase.
on
several
persons.
flagbetter than the
our
enemy?
so
much.
CONVEBSATION,
La
Le
M.
Attention
Dictation.
The
DtCT^E.
Attention !
! Ecoutez
Listen
well.
bien.
Je
commence
begin ; (write)as
Feuille.
La
De
titre
; en
The
tige d6tachee,
Pauvre
feuille dessechee,
From
ta
OiX vas-tu
"
Je n'en
thy
Leaf.
severed,
stalk
Poor
dried-up leaf,
Where
art thou going
sais
[rien.
L'orage a
title t
The
frapp6 le chene
storm
[ know
has
"
not.
struck
the
[oak,
Qui
seul 6tait
Which
soutien.
men
alone
was
my
sup-
[port.
LXIX.
LESSON
(continued).
ADVERBS
(SeeLessons
Some
on
the
adverbs
e
of
LXVI.
manner
of the feminine
aveugl6menty blindly;
and
add
of the
LXVni.)
an
acute
accent
adjective:aveuglG,
precise, precis6ment, precisely.
106
The
of
instead
vient,
If the
those
adjectiveends
in
ant
ent,
or
axnment
into exnment
terminations
change
or
to
^rM(Z^7"
it,prudetaxaent, prudently;
ohligeant,
ohlige^xameTXt,obligingly.
form
adverbs:
followingadverbs
of
posed
negation are comof two words :
the first,
ne, is placed before
the verb immediately after the subject; the second
is placed after the verb in a simple tense,
word
tense : je
and
after the auxiliaryin a compound
"
le
ne
I will not
pas,
veux
voulu, I would
Ne.
.pas, not
not
.point,
not
have
it ;
je ne
Vai
pas
it.
ne.
ne.
have
only
.guere, hardly
..que,
(stronger) ne.
more
no
ne...plus,
ne...rien,
nothing
ne...
H dort, he sleeps
il se remet, he recovers
refus-er,to refuse
rend-re,to return,to givehack
Model
1. H
n'avons
6.
se
II
remet
ne
Exercise.
dort
est tres-malade, il ne
pas eu de fruits cette annee.
point re9u
il
jamais, never
plus.
3. Us
vous
demande
qu'un
peu
2. Nous
de
n'ont
mieux,
rien.
pain,ne
le
107
Exercise
1. He
69.
will lose
De
son
Le
zephyr
DicTfiE,
The
inconstante
haleine,
I'aquilon,
ou
Dictation.
With
its fickle
The
zephyr
breath,
the
or
north
wind,
Depuis
De
jour me
ce
la foret
la
De la montagne
promene
plaine,
au
vallon.
Since
that
From
From
the
day
bear
me
mountain
along
plain,
to
the
valley ;
Je vais o^ le vent
I go whither
m6ne,
me
the
wind
bears
me,
Sans
me
plaindre ou
frayer ;
Je vais ot.
Ou
Without
murmuring
or
being
frightened.
va
toute
la feuille de
va
m'ef-
chose,
I go whither
everythinggoes,
Whither
the rose-leaf goes,
rose
Et la feuille de laurier.
And
LESSON
ZIVBEFZUZTZ:
the laurel-leaf.
LXX.
ADJECTIVES
AlTD
ZZTDEFZITXTa
PROXVOVM-S.
The
used
of the
followingare some
indefinite adjectives
:
Tout
toutes
with
most
commonly
"
toute
(f.sing.),
(m. sing.),tons (m. pi.),
(used
(f.plur.),all ; aucun,
any, no, none
certain ;
a
some
7ie)
one,
; certain, some,
autre, oiliei;chaque
quelque,^orae;
; tel,telle
(invar.
no, none
J, each ; nul, nulle (f.),
"/?az72t,many;
1U8
the noun); plusicurr
sucli; quelconqiie
(sifter
(f.),
several ; meme,
same.
(invar.),
Where
the
no
plural are
The
used
On
remark
is
formed
regularly.
followingare
of the most
some
indefinite pronouns
"
and
commonly
"
euphony requiresit,Von
when
and
(sing.),
"
fait,done
le defaut, the fault
viendra, will come
I'age,tJie age
respect-er,to respect
JjSiinstioe,the justice
d6sir-er,to desire
entr-er, to enter
il faut etre, one
must
le paresseux,
de, sure
BOX
the
be
lazy fellow
to
Exercise.
Model
1. Tous
2. Si Ton
les hommes
desire
8. C'estun
ses
defauts, chaque
I'aime
monde
excellent
not
these
education.
to
him.
him
children
4.
anything
eaten
speaking
All
You
to-day.
6. If
aimable.
aujourd'hui.
a
age
et le
ses
respecte.
vous
70.
1. Each
3.
justice,
aujourd'huipour
ici
Exercise
better.
la
etre
fait
il n'a rien
plaisirs.5. Tout le
6. Quelqu'un viendra
parler.
2.
devant
egaux
aime, il faut
etre
paresseux,
Chacun
4.
sont
one
French
grammar.
if he would
are
are
5.
work
receiving an
ill ; you
have
Somebody
is amiable
one
is
is
109
to be loved.
Bure
{neis
knocks
8. Who
prizes.
My
7.
door
the
at
several
has had
brother
Nobody
answering questions).
left out in
CONVEKSATION.
La. Fin
de
Le
M.
G.
Quels
et
That's
C'est tout.
leQons
les
What
les devoirs
sont
de-
pour
and
M.
of
Day.
the
all.
the tasks
are
the lessons
main?
Le
End
The
Journ^e.
la
for
row
to-mor-
Vous
apprendrez
par
You
will learn
by
heart
cceur
la dictee que
de
the
venez
I'exercice
dule
mo-
soixante-dixieme
la
dictation
you
have
just
done,
faire,
ainsi que
de
vous
well
as
of the
as
the
model
seventieth
cise
exer-
lesson ;
leQon ;
et
traduirez
vous
en
I'exercice
soixante-dix.
La
est
vous
pouvez
finie,
vous
en
aller.
LESSON
followingare
commonly
used
as, like
parce
or, now,
ou,
or
que, that
but
into
seventy.
The
class is over,
you
may
go.
LXXI.
some
of the
conjunctionsmost
"
quand, when
.
que, because
ety and
mais, but
exercise
Cai',for, because
comme,
will translate
coxrjusrcTzozrs.
THE
The
you
French
frangais
classe
and
plutot,rather
puisque,since
when
lorsque,
pourquoi,why
quoique,although
110
N.B.
Do
"
with
confuse
not
tlie
the
preposition for,"
"
"
"
'*
"
"
"
"
"
you
pen.
Se repent-irde, to repent of
malhonngte, dishonest
c6d-er, to give way
tard, late
je crois,I believe
mourraient, would die
s'ennuy-er,to feel dull
Texamen
Taction
Exercise.
ZKCodel
1. Tout
le monde
(m.),examination
the act
(/.),
I'aime, car
c'est
un
excellent
plus
tot "?
4.
Ces
soldats
1.
him
this
think
4.
Why
have
for
he will
They would
they
me,
Si tu travail-
6. Je serai bien
examen.
71.
begun
not
for I
5.
mourraient
owe
sooner?
it him.
2. Give
3. I do not
rather
than
honest
dis-
more
they worked
they would
shall bo
feel dull
not
{s'
ennuieraient) 6. We
will have
nation.
passed this examipleasedwhen
you
act.
5. If
{quede) do
of the Anxiliary
and of tlie
Conjugation
Yerbs,
112
avoir, to have.
Simple
etre, to be.
Simple Tenses,
Tenses.
INFINITIVE,
avoir,to have
PARTICIPLE
INFINITIVE.
6tre,to
be
PRESENT,
6tant
ayant
PARTICIPLE
PAST.
6t6
INDICATIVE,
PKESENT,
j'ai
je suis
tn
tues
as
ilest
ila
nous
avong
nous
sommes
vous
avez
vous
gtes
ils sont
ils ont
IMPKRFECT.
IMPERFECT.
j'avais
j'^tais
tu avais
tu dtais
il avait
iivions
aviez
vous
ils avaiont
noils
il 6tait
6tions
nous
DEFINITE,
PAST
6tiez
vpus
ils etaient
je fus
tu
tu fus
il fut
eus
ileat
DEFINITE,
PAST
j'eus
famea
efltnes
nous
vous
edtes
ils eurent
FUTURB.
vous
j'aurai
jeserai
tu auras
il aura
tu seras
nous
nous
vous
fates
ils furent
FUTURE
ilsera
anrons
nurez
nous
seroni
vous
serez
ils seront
ils auront
CONDITIONAL,
PRESENT,
j'aurais
je serais
tu
aurais
il autaif.
aurions
nous
tu serais
il serait
vousauriiz
ils auraient
SUBJUNCTIVE,
vous
one
j'aie
que tu aies
qu'ilait
que
nous
que
vous
ayons
ayez
qu'ilsaient
nous
seriez
ils seraient
PRESENT,
que
que
que
que
nous
onssions
oussiez
qu'ilseussent
vous
IMPKRATIVE.
je sois
tu
sois
qu'ilsoit
nous
soyona
soyez
qu'ilssoient
que
que
IMPERFECT.
que j'eusse
que tu eussea
qu'ileM
serions
vous
IMPERFECT,
que je fnsse
que tu fusses
qu'ilfftt
que
nous
que
vous
fussions
fussiez
qu'ilsfn^'scnt
IMPERATIVE.
ayons
soyons
"oia
MjrM
Compound
avoir
Tenses.
INFINITIVE.
PERFECT,
^t^..donn^, puni, re(;ti,rompa
COMPOUND
PABTICIi'LK
eu.
Verbs,'Donner/
'Eompre.'
^Pnnir,'
'ReceYoir/
Regular
Four
Conjugation.
2nd
1st Conjugation.
8rd
punir,to punish
donner, to give
Conjt;gation.
4th
Simple Tenses.
INFINITIVE.
INFINITIVE,
INFINITIVE,
Conjugation.
Simple Tenses.
Simple Tenses.
Simple Tenses.
recevoir,to
receive
PARTICIPLE
roiipre, to break
PU:.
ENT.
PARTICIPLE
PREStNT.
PARTICIPLE
PAST,
recevant
PARTICIPLE
rotnpant
PA'-T.
puni
re9u
rompu
PHKSKNT.
punissant
donnant
donn^
INDICATIVE,
INDICATIVE.
present,
je donne
jepunis
jere(;ois
jeromps
tu donnes
11 donne
tu punis
il punit
tu repois
il regoit
tu
nous
punissons
punissez
ils punissent
nous
recevons
nous
vous
vous
recevez
vous
donnons
nous
donnez
ils donnent
vous
IMPERFECT,
jepunissais
tu punissais
11 punissait
nous
punissions
vous
punissiez
ils punissaient
je donnais
tadonnais
il donnait
donnioiis
nous
donniez
ils donnaient
vous
PAST
past
DEFINITE.
je recevais
IMPERFECT,
je rompais
turecevais
il reoevait
nous.recevions
vousreceviez
ils recevaient
tn
rompais
il rompait
rompions
nous
vonsrompiez
ils rompaient
DEFINITE.
PAST
rompons
rompez
ils rompent
IMPERFECT.
DEFINITE,
'
romps
il rompt
ilsre9oivent
IMPERFECT,
PAST
DEFINITE,
jedonnai
je punis
je regus
je rompis
tn donnas
tu punis
il punit
tu
re5U3
tu
il re9ut
il
nous
punimes
punites
ilspunirent
nous
vous
rebates
ils re^nront
11 donna
donnSmes
nous
donnates
ils donnftrent
vous
je punirai
tu puniras
il punira
nous
punirons
donneras
tn
il donnera
donnerons
doiinerez
vous
Us donneront
nous
ils puniront
PRESENT,
je donner.iis
jepunirais
tu punirais
il punirait
nous
puniriont
donnerais
il donnerait
nous
donnerions
tu
donneriez
puniriez
ils puniraienb
vous
ils donneraient
SUBJUNCTIVE,
que
que
que
tu
IMPERFECT.
que je donnasse
que tu donnasses
qu'ildonnat
que
que
nous
que
donnassions
donnassie*
qu'ilsdonnassent
vous
IMPERATIVE.
donnez
recevra
nous
recevrons
nous
vous
recevrez
vous
ils rompront
je recevrais
je romprais
recevrais
il recevrait
recevrions
nous
recevriez
vous
ils recevraient
tu romprais
il romprait
tu
queture^oives
qu'ilrefoive
que jepunisse
que
tu
punisses
qu'ilpunit
que
que
nous
punissions
vous
punissiez
rompron*
romprez
ils recevront
CONDITIONAL,
tu punisses
que
que
nous
vous
recevions
receviez
qu'ilsregoivenii
present.
rompriez
ils rompraient
vous
present.
que
que
je re9nsse
que
tu re^ussea
qu'ilreylit
que
que
nous
vous
je rompe
tu rompes
qu'il rompe
que
nous
rompions
que
vons
rompiez
qn'ilsrompent
IMPERFECT,
que
romprions
nous
IMPERFECT,
que
que
je rompisse
turom
pisses
qu'ilromjilt
que
re5USv=!ion3
re^ussiez que
nous
rompissions
vous
rompissiez
qu'ilspunissent
qn'ilsrecussent
qu'ilsrompissent
IMPERATIVE.
IMPERATIVE.
IMPERATIVE.
donnons
donne
il
IMPERFECT,
4fr-
tu rompras
il ronipra
SUBJUNCTIVE,
vous
rompites
je romprai
recevras
que3ere90ive
punissiez
qu'ilspunissent
vous
vous
ils rompirent
FUTURE,
tu
jepunisse
qu'ilpunisse
punissions
que nous
donniez
qu'ilsdonnent
que
FUTURE.
rompis
rompit
nous
romplmea
je recevrai
PRESENT,
je donne
donnes
qu'ildonne
donniona
que nous
que
punirez
vous
CONDITIONAL.
vous
re5flme8
vous
FUTURE,
FUTUHBS.
je donnerai
punis
punissons
puuiseez
recevons
re^ois
'^
INFINITIVE,
recevea
rompona
romps
rompes
114
S*0AMATZO"r
To
PASSIVE.
THE
OF
verb ia the
"
PRESENT
INDICATIVE
masculine subject.)
(Witha
(J
PASSIVE.
(With a feminine
atu
Je suis aimd
i^u es aime
je suis
\i est aim6
nous
vous
tu
aim^s
etes aimes
somnies
aim"e
aim^e
es
of
"
aimees
nous
sommes
vous
6tes aimees
elles sont
Conjugratlon
subject.)
loved)
(I
loved)
am
"
aimer
in
aimees
the
Passive.
{Iam
Je suis ^ime
nous
loved)
aimee
aimer) or
{I have
aim"es
nous
(7
J'^tais aim6
nous
aimee
etioas aimfis
PAST
or
et6
j'avais
aimgea
nous
aimeea
aim6
PAST
j'eusdte aime
aimees
nous
been loved)
aimfee
or
ete
eumes
FUTURE
FUTURE.
(7shrdl be loved)
Je serai aime or aimee
aim6s or aimees
nous
serons
loved)
or
ANTEKIOR.
(I had
loved)
been
aimee
avions et6 aimes or aimgea
DEFINITE.
(rwas
or
PLUPERFECT.
(I had
loved)
or
aimue
or
ete aim^s
avons
IMPEUt"Or.
vms
lorsd)
been
or
sommes
INDEFINITE.
PAST
aimes
aimees
ANTERIOR.
(rshall
have
been
or
loved)
aim6c
ete aimfis
aurons
nous
or
or
aiiucea
CONDITIONAL.
ANTERIOR,
PRESENT.
{Tshould
be
(Ishould
loved)
Je serais aime
nous
aimee
or
serious aimes or aimees
IMPERATIVE,
(fieloved)
soyons
sois aim6
or
aim6e
gu'iisoit aime
or
Boyez
qu'ell"soit
aimes
aim6s
or
or
airages
aimfies
soient aimes
qu'ils
or
qu'elleg
SUBJUNCTIVE.
PRESENT.
{That1 may
je sois aim6
Que
que
nous
ons
soy
PERFECT.
he
loved)
aim6e
aimes or aim^es
or
nous
que
6te aimes
ayons
or
aimees
IMPERFECT.
PLUPERFECT.
{ThatI might
Que
je fusse aime
{ThatI might
loved)
aim6e
fussions aim^s or
nous
que
be
Que
or
loved)
aimee
eussions "te aimes
que nous
aimees
aimues
have been
j'eusseete aim"
or
or
INFINITIVE.
PERFECT.
{To be loved)
Etre aim6
{To have
aimee
or
PARTICIPLE
PRESENT.
aime
or
Aim6
or
PAST,
aimee
RErx.sxzvs
or
loved)
aim^o
{Loved.)
aimee
PROxronxxsrAXi
or
PARTICIPLE
{Beingloved)
Etant
been
verbs.
of the
pronouns
same
son
per-
one
and
comes
the
subject,
genderwith
the
before
past
Conjugration
the
of
the
Stem
PARTICIPLE
in
object
participle.
Reflexive
:
repos
Verb
; termination
PRESENT.
reposer,"
sc
:
er.
PARTICIPLE
{Besting)
Se reposant
*'
Eepos6
INDICATIVE.
PAST.
to rest.
116
SUBJUNCTIVE.
PERFECT.
PRESENT.
(That I
may
rest)
{ThatI may
have
rested)
117
LIST
MOST
THE
OF
SOME
OF
VERBS.
IRREGULAK
One
(a)
the
all
same
the
other
the
indicated
que
il
je
{h)
The
(c)
"When
formed
verbs
will
given
and
when
the
(with
given),
person
conn-ut,
d-isse
d-issions,
ore
the
tense,
adding
by
regular
by
conn-US,
the
through
are
only
persons
persons
in
learnt
two
or
nous
on
go
USEFUL
whatever
change
je
tu
quHl
form
which
he
vowel
may
go
il
conn-utes,
d-isses,
easily
can
of
will
conn-us
vous
que
pupil
remains
stem
terminations
conn-unies,
thus
the
proper
e.g.,
the
when
on
has
be
thus
conn-urent;
d-"",
qva
nous
etc.
verbs
are
arranged
nothing
with
avoir.
is
said
in
to
alphabetical
the
contrary
order.
the
compoimd
tenses
tu
118
" Remark
the place of en and of the pronouns,
and place them, as above, in all f
tenses, except in the imperativemood, which see.
to which the reflexivtj pronoun must be added.
t All through like asteofr,
120
t An impersonal or
uni
personalverb.
121
I Present Subjunctive. Imperfect
CondMonal.
Impei'ati9e. Participle
Present.
Subjunctive.
]e donnit-ais
que
je donu-e
je dorm-isse
que
dors
dormant
dormons
dormez
que
j'dcrlT-6
j'^crivifisedcris
que
^crivant
dcrivons
terivez
que
jefass-e
jef-isse
que
qu'ilfallAt
qu'ilfaille
fais
fsisons
faites
faisant
inOTM)
(none)
mettant
jemett-e
que
jem-isse
mets
mettons
que ]e meure
que tu menres
que
jemour-nsi
menrs
que
mourons
qu'ilmeure
mourez
niourions
mouriez
vous
meurent
qu'ils
que
que
nous
que
jenaiss-e
quej'oftr-e
nais
naiss
naissez
que
j'offr-isse offre
ofErant
offrons
offrez
qu'ilplenve
que
"
jepuiss-e
Conjugate as
Conjugate as
i Conjugate
above
above
above
above
as
Conjugate
as
5
I Conjugateas
above
qu'ilpKlt
que
jep-usso
^none)
pleuvant
{none)
pouvant
"c.
/endormir. to fall asleep,
to
ddcrire,
"0"
to subscribe,
sousa-ire,
to satisfy
sati^aire,
describe ;
to undo
difaire,
to omit. "c.
ometli'c,
ouvrir,to
open
to Bufier.
sovffrir,
"
Conjugated like
tenir^ its
auxiliaryis ttrt.
123
Conditional. Present Subjunctive. Imperfect
Imperative.
Subjunctive.
que
que
je prenne
tu prennes
quo
jepr-issa
nous
Present.
prends
prenant
past.
pris*
prenona
prenez
qu'ilprenne
que
ParticipleParttti,
prenions
preniez
qu'ilaprenneut
que
vous
que
jesacli-e
que
que
que
jes-usse
sache
sacbona
sachez
jetienne
que
jetfnssfc
tu tiennes
que
tu tinsses
tiens
tenons
t"nez
qu'iltienne
que
que
nous
vous
que
nous
teniez
que
vous
que
jevainqu-iss"vaincs
qu'ilstiennent
que
qu'iltint
tenions
je vain(iu-e
sachant
tenu "
tinssions
tinssiez
qu'ilstinssent
vainquant
aincu J
vainquons
vainquez
que
que
jevaille
que
j^val-usse
qu'ilvaille
que
nous
valions
que
vous
valiez
"uluj
vaux
valons
valez
tu vailles
qu'ilsvaillent
que
je vienue
que
]e vinsse
viens
venul
que
je viv-e
que
jev^c-nsse
VIS
vdcu^'
vivons
vivez
que je volo
qua
jev-issa
que tu voiea
qu'ilvoie
que
que
nous
voyiona
vous
voyiez
vois
voig
voyant
voyons
voyez
voient
qu'ils
que
que
je veuille
tu vOTiilles
quo
quo
]e
]e
voul-nsse
veuillez(tobe voulant
so good as to)
qu'ilveuille
vouliona
vouliez
qu'ilsveuillent
que
nous
que
vous
to learn,"o.
Conjugate as above apprendre,
to obtain,"c.
t Conjugate as above obtenir,
i Conjngate as above convaincre,to convince.
to be equivalent,
" Conjugate as above iquivaloir,
to remember, "0,
h Conjugate as above devenir,to become ; se souvenir,
to survive.
% Conjngate as above survivre,
""
Conjugateas above revoir,to see again.
"
oula
12i
A
SHORT
CHAPTER
Whence
is the French
1.
It is derived
"
The
Latins
Greeks
2. What
is the
The
"
used
for
the
same
the
the French
accents
accents
in Greek.
as
; it is
Yes
order.
th"
same
and
Greeks,
language
the
from
come
purpose
spellingof
the
Phoenicians.
the
alphabet from
the
originof
signs called
INQUISITIVB.
it follows
Latin, and
their
theirs from
THE
alphabet derived
the
from
borrowed
took
FOR
Greek, but
They
of the
introduced
were
sixteenth
change
ever
not
are
century.
circumflex
accent
retain
must
constantly changing
the
placed over
was
pecuHar
the
sound
; for
which
to
show
that
the presence
of the
the place of
any
the vowel
to
gave
it : tite,bete.
"
t"re,
6.
the
Does
4.
besides
both
for
instance, dge,
sure,
was
written
Why
is the
its
taK
accent
Yes;
The
"
circumflex
other
letter
letter
French
accusative
aagra;
the
language
singular and
sign of the
was
age,
seiir,etc.
has
borrowed
from
the Latin
accusative
its
in French.
6. How
is it that
In the
"
not
Middle
some
take
nouns
id
instead of
adhered
strictly
to,
for
particularly
between
the
in the
",
plural
x,
pluxal?
and
in which
was
s
is
hats
bijoux, jewels,etc.
7. The
but how
above
does
explains the
the
come
in
in here
chevauxt horses
works
travauast
examples which
following are only a few of the many
of
of
the
horses, coUf
c?ievawa;,
might
change
Zintou;
given
heck
fou, mad
these, were
spelt in Old French : chevalt^
ceux^
"
The
be
ool,fol,eels.
125
and
Longue
8.
public, seem
the
puUique,
be
to
feminine
irregular;
very
of
long,long,andof
pwbZic,
plained
irregularitybe ex-
this
can
irregularityis
The
"
been
added
become
had
qu
in
public
e,
longus, puhlicus,
it appears
;
has become
as
; g
the
to preserve
the Latin
hard
words
an
sound
from
All
c has
gu, and
these letters
which
the
from
come
numeral
adjectivescome
long and
from
the
which
They
remains
are
of the
of
system
Latin
is Arabic.
10.
"
has
mute
derived.
are
9. Do
"
as
so
great
so
feminine
the
form
to
before
not
not
formed
counting by
and
ten
by
the
Do
four
conjugations
contain
number
equal
an
of
verbs ?
No
"
in -ir
330
in
forms
(-er)
the
are
any
of
; out
(with
with
in
in
50
"
The
-re.
first
second
the
substantives,
Why
should
the
be
used
than
13. How
sentence
understood
There
is
having
{-ir,
conjugations
do
not
form
prevent
consonant
particularlypleasant
is not
the
hiatus
aime-t-il,va-t-il,
in
to prevent the
hiatus, and t was
necessary
il vck
it is the sign of the third person
; il aimc,
in Modern
French
: aimet, vat ; aime-t-il,va-t-il,
was
chosen, because
spelt in Old
French, simply
was
other
any
consonant
letter t, which
to
conjugation
"
"
etc., rather
"
imperfect
end in -er,
verbs, 3600
in
perfect
-ir
28
issais),
(with the im-
simple
two
imperfect in issais)with adjectives
; these
the
called "Uving"
which
others,
conjugations,
dead
new
verbs, are called
conjugations.
12.
'"
in -oir, and
verbs
to pronounce,
"
the
ais), lO
new
4018
about
take
back
it that
without
the
the
consonant
void, voilci,with
addition
of
any
they
a
verb
had
dropped.
substantive,
?
Is there
can
form
anything
is
nothing understood
; void
and
voila
are
compounded
of
the
adverbs
equivalent to
and
ci
see
here
the pen,
see
there
the pen.
THIRD
PART.
StZSADZNG
ZiESSONS.
RfePONSE
Lors
de
L6ONIDAS.
DE
de
I'invasion
la
Grece
general
rapporta a Leonidas,
ennemie
I'armee
I'eflfrayer,
que
on
pour
le
breuse
que
traits
des
Leonidas,
soleil
des
et
"
javelots.
combattrons
nous
L'Heure
Quelqu'un
il devait
demanda
riche, quand
voudras
tu
nom-
la
grele
1
"
dit
Diner.
Diogene
lui
Gelui-ci
diner.
si
I'ombre."
du
Spartiates,
par
mieux
Tant
"
Perses,
etait
obscurci
serait
les
par
des
quelle heure
repondit
si tu
es
"
Si tu
es
quand
pauvre,
tupourras."
Le
"*
un
peu
Faites-vous
jour
des
grand
themes,
prince, qui
un
paresseux,
Malheub.
une
madame
etait
encore
dame
de
?"
demanda
enfant
la
cour
de sa vie.
Non,
plaignait des malheurs
"Eh
faites
bien, si vous
seigneur.'*
ne
themes, madame,"
repliqua le petitprince,
et
qui
*'
malbeur
n'est
pas
encore
son
comble."
se
mon-
"
"
un
pas
*"
de
yotre
128
Bes
Un
Pep.les
Arabe,
depuis deux
mange
mourir
de
puits
faim.
les
ou
II le ramasse,
*'
mais
la
le sable
sur
des dattes
de cette douce
"
ou
vue
"
sont
ne
hommes
des
que
perles1
"
PUNIE.
voyageaient ensemble
tresor
un
leura
de cuir.
petitsac
un
ces
**Dieu
L'AVARICE
verent
abreuver
de
s'ecria-t-il,ce
Trois
rien
desert, n'avait
viennent
il le tate.
sont
ce
le
jours et se voyaitmenace
En
passant pres d'un de
caravanes
il voit
chameaux,
il,
dans
egaie
Desert.
le
dans
ils etaient
bien
lis trou-
contents.
lis
de
**
"
"
"
de voyage
compagnons
le tresor lui
ses
mourraient
en
et que
les mets.
resterait,et il empoisonna
Cependant,les deux autres avaient medite, pendant
son
absence, de le tuer et de partager entre eux le
II arriva ; ils le tuerent, ils mangerent
tresor.
des mets qu'il
avait apportes ; ils moururent, et le
tresor
n'appartinta
Violon
Le
Un
jour tombe
On
le ramasse,
de mauvais
Et
L'adversite
personue.
et
on
brise
se
le
mauvais
un
violon,
recolle,
il devient
souvent
CASsfi.
est
bon.
une
heureuse
^cole.
129
EXERCICE
Du
pain
PnONONCIATIOIf.
DE
et du
fromage
C'est bien peu pour dejeuner.
On me
donnera, je gage,
Autre
Car
Du
sec
chose
diner
mon
dodu
dindon,
L'AVABE.
Que dans
A
bon
un
recompenser
Je suis," lui
"
moment,
laissant
se
entrainer
Do
ton
De
te projnettre
zele,et je me propose
D'en etre un jour reconnaissant
:
Ainsi fais-moi souvenir, mon
enfant,
quelque chose."
Epitaphs
Ci-dessous
II
ne
LeTTRE
Paresseux,
d'un
Antoine
repose
fitjamais autre
d'un
ficOLIER
Mon
chose.
'SON
PfeRE.
luiidi;
aujourd'hui,
au
qui partira
je
messager
demain, mardi ; il arrivera apres-demain, mercredi ; vous
m'enverrez, je vous
prie,de I'argent,
jeudi; si je n'en re9ois point vendredi, je pars
"
samedi, pour
etre
chez
nous
eeris
dimanche."
130
Ver-luisant
Le
Un
Crapaud.
lb
le gazon
sur
lueur
phospliorique.
crapaud raper9oitet lance cjon poison
cet insecte pacifique.
Un
Sur
soir
un
Je n'ai
"
"
Lui
dit le
sa
jamais commis
ver
heure
son
de
mal,"
dernier
Eh
**
faisait
ver-luisant
Briller
*'
et
animal,
?
*'
Keve.
Le
Trois
e.
Pierre
"
au
Le
de la nuit Paul
miheu
lendemain
qu'il avait
Louis
dit
tu te tenais
Pierre
tenir
me
"
dit
de moi
aupres
**
aujDres
Moi, j'aireve
que
:
moi
le tien, c'est done
a
Paul
dit- *'Efe moi, j'ai reve
tivement
On
la chercha
leve ?
du
pendant
cru
du
trone
le
j'etais
songe
de
roi."
roi et que
I'emporte
manger
Toie."
je mangeais
que
vain, car
songe
il I'avait efiec-
devoree.
Le
Henei.
en
J'ai
mon
8ur
I'oie."
I'oie.
et mangea
le
raconta
matin, chacun
eu.
sommeil
mon
leva
se
Comment,
Paresseux.
Paul, tu
n'es
pas
encore
131
vols bien que
Tu
Paul.
Et
Henei.
tu n'es
jusqu'aliuit heures
Pas
Paul.
Et
Henri.
tout.
en
ete
Alors,
Henri.
! Tu
encore
tu
que
avoue
es
lib
au
malade
done
porte tres-bien.
je me
non,
de rester
pas honteux
du matin ?
du
Mais
Paul.
non.
es
grand
un
pares-
eeux.
qui
voila tout
Te
Paul.
cela
dit souvent
me
fait
notre
comme
I'ecole
des pensums.
Henri.
Moi, j'etaisdebout
maitro,
il
quand
me
donne
love.
me
ete bien
as
mais
rencontrer
me
I'ecole de
n'etait pas
monsieur
non,
du
matinal, alors.
J'esperaiste
Henri.
natation
cinq heures
baigner k six, puis je
a
; tu
sais
encore
que
nous
lui.
dejeuner avec
Paul.
C'est vrai ; je n'y pensaisplus.
Henri.
Ah, bon ; ils'eveille quand on lui parle
done, pourquoi te
de dejeuner. Mais, dis-moi
leves-tu si tard aujourd'hui?
suis couche
Hier je ne
Paul.
me
qu'a minuit ;
fait une
avons
nous
partiede campagne.
Henri.
A pied ou en voiture ?
Je suis alle en
Paul.
voiture, mais
j'ai ete
oblige de revenir a pied, car mon
pere a eu la
idee d'offrir a deuK dames
sa
malheureuse
place
avons
promis
Antoine
d'aller
et la mienne.
Henri.
Oh
! pas
mal,
maintenant, paresseux;
tu ?
II y
puisnous
aura
irons
du
au
ma
tu
depeche-toi
dejeuner,entends-
foi ; mais
vas
chocolat et
jardin,et
un
nous
gateau delicieux
mangerons
des
132
cerises
des
et
groseillesvertes
tant
nous
que
voudrons.
Paul.
gateau et du fruit ?
pas long ; je vais bien
Du
chocolat, du
Attends, attends, ce ne sera
vite
me
6uis
debarbouiller
toi dans
et
Comment
J'ai
Joas.
Athalie.
je
dix minutes.
Athalie
Athalie.
les mains
laver
me
Joas.
et
vous
nommez-vo]is
Eliacin.
nom
Votre
pere
Je suis, dit-on, un
orplielin,
les bras de Dieu jetedes ma
naissance,
Joas.
Entre
Et
de
qui
parents
mes
Athalie.
Vous
Comment?
Athalie.
Joas.
Depuis
Ne
Athalie.
le votre
que je suis
sait-on pas
Oii
dit
out
besoin
moins
quel pays
est
je n'en
pays,
que
le
sort
vous
connais
fait
inconnue,
et qu'on n'a pointrevue.
nom,
femme
point son
Mais
de
pris soin
Dieu
Joas.
au
des
Une
Athalie.
mains
ne.
Parmi
Athalie.
ne
mon
dit-on
rencontrer
Joas.
temple est
point d'autre.
Joas.
depuis quand
et
Ce
Athalie.
Qui
sans
abandonne.
lis m'ont
Joas.
Joas.
etes
jamais connaissance,
parents I
n'eus
vos
premiers
ans
quelles
laissa-t-il
jamais
ses
enfauts
au
133
petitsdes
Aux
Et
sa
Tous
II
me
bonte
les
oiseaux
s'etoiid sur
la
il donne
pature,
la nature.
toute
nourrit
des
dons
offerts
son
sur
autel.
Le
Spectre.
meme
tomber
instant.
son
sac,
L'homme
se
mit
noir laissa
courii- pres de
134
Martin
lui
jusqu'au
bout
du
mur
il disparut.
oil
matin, Martin
lendemain
Le
rien de
n'eut
plus
de 1'horrible
presse que de parlera tout le monde
fantome
il se garda bien de dire un mot du
; mais
vol
qu'il avait
I'arreter:
vint
a
derobe
ez
Les
deux
le
vous
du
vous
sacs
de
nom
mener
en
fruit
Cette
meme
un
"vons
nuit," dit-il,
apercutcs
vous
que
Ville
de
Autrefois
Invita
et
Rat
le
des
Champ3"
le rat de ville
le rat des
fa9on fort
D'une
champs,
civile
Sur
un
Le
tapisde Turquie
convert
se
trouva
mis.
penser la vie
firent ces deux amis.
Je laisse
Que
Le regal fut fort honnete
;
Rien ne manquait au festin,
Mais quelqn'un troubla la fete
^
Pendant
A
Le
qu'ilsetaient
en
train
la porte de la salle
Us
entendirent
du
bruit;
Son
sur
levait."
Eat
darme
gen-
le
dans
ombre
Le
"
jour
jardin du chateau.
ont
trahi,puisqu'ilsportent tous
votre pere.
C'est pourquoi je vais
prison. Quant au fantome noir,
ce
qui se
Le
commis.
camarade
le suit.
13G
avec
une
cheval
au
k vapeur
vitesse
bien
galop.
On
navires
doune
le
de bateaux
nom
uavires
aiix
machine
vapeur,
soient
ne
meritent
de
de vaisseaux
k cause
plutot le nom
grandeur. Appliquees a I'industrie, I33
leur
machines
I'l
aident
fabrications
diverses.
Christophe
La
decouverte
du
pauvre
moudo.
fut I'entretien du
enfler
son
nom,
ni
ame
ces
par
humilier
Colomb,
sa
geographe de Cordoue
Colomb
honneurs
modestie
ne
laissa
decernes
par
ni
son
les
jalousies
de sa gloire.
autre
ne
Mais prenant
trop peu de lui-meme.
oeuf entre ses
doigts, il s'adressa a tons les
un
convives, et les invita a le faire tenir sur un bout.
alors ecrasa
I'oeuf
Nul n'y xmt parvenir. Colomb
des extremites, et, le posant sur son oval
par une
k ses rivaux qu'iln'y avait aucun
brise,montra
dire
trop
merite
ou
dans
une
idee
si
simple, mais
que
nul
avant
qu'un
cependant ne pouvaitla soup9onner,
premier inventeur n'en eut donne I'exempleaux
autres ; renvoyant ainsi k I'inspirateur
supreme
137
de
le merite
lui
temps pour
meme
en
mais
entreprise,
son
revendiquant
I'honneur
seul
la
de
primaute.
MiEUX
QUE
9A.
d'AUemagne, n'aimait ni
Joseph II, empereur
temoin ce fait : Un
ni I'apparat,
la representation
jour que, revetu d'une 6imi3leredingote boutonnee,
d'un seul domestique sans
livree,il
accompague
caJeche a deux places qu'il
une
etait alle, dans
du
faire une
conduisait
promenade
lui-meme,
de Vienne, il fut surpris par
environs
matin
aux
de la
il reprenait le cliemin
la pMe
comme
ville.
eloigne,lorsqu'un pieton,qui
regagnait aussi la capitale,fait signe au conducteur.d'arreter ce que Joseph II fait aussitot.
Monsieur," lui dit le militaire (car c'etait un
deBergent), y aurait-il une indiscretion a vous
mander
une
place a cot^ de vous ? cela ne vous
etes
generait pas prodigieusement,puisque vous
uniforme
seul dans la caleche, et m^nagerait mon
aujourd'huipour la premiere fois."
que je mets
brave," lui dit
Menageons votre uniforme, mon
D'ou venez-vous
?"
la.
Joseph, et mettez-vous
de chez un
dit le sergent, "je viens
*'Ah!"
fier
amis, ou j'ai fait un
garde-chasse de mes
de si
Qu'avez-vous done
dejeuner."
mange
Devinez."
bon ?
Que sais-je,moi, une
II
etait
en
encore
"
"
*'
"
"
"
*'
"
*'
"
"
*'
**
"
"
soupe
mieux
que
9a,
k la biere ?
que
9a."
"
vous
9a."
Une
dit-on."
**
"
**
"
"
"
De
! bien
Ah
la choucroute
longe de
'*
"
Oh
oui, une
veau
?
"
"
"
"
"
soupe,
"
Mieux
Mieux
que
je ne puisplus deviner,"
138
"'it Joseph.
faisan
tire
Un
"
"
faisan,
les
sur
plaisirs
homme,
digne
mon
un
Sa
de
Majeste," dit le
Tire sur
I'epaule.
lui
frappant sur
les
plaisirsde Sa Majeste, il n'en devait etre que
meilleur
Je vous
?
en
reponds."
Comme
on
approdiait de la ville,et que la pluie
tombait
a
son
comtoujours, Joseph demanda
dans
quel quartier il logeait, et ou il voupaguon
lait qu'on le descendifc.
c'est
Monsieur,
trop
de
bonte..."
dit Josej^h, ''votre
Non, non,"
rue?"
Le
demeure,
sa
indiquant
sergent,
eergent
en
"
"
"
**
"
"
"
*'
"
demanda
d'honnetetes.
vinez."
dit
bien
Capitaine
peut-etre?"
*'
"
Comment!
tot dans
"
se
lui
dit
9a."
"
vous
dit
a
confond
en
dit
pour
Joseph
seriez
moi
ne
I'y descendit.
me
se
*'Ah!
genoux
'*
"
9a."
Colonel,
"
*'
"
dit-on."
"
et
la voiture
"
pas
; le
supplie I'Empe-
descendre.
avoir
apres
heureux
de
trop
aussi promptement
quittiezqu'a votre
?'*
I'Empereur
n'y avait
dans
qu'ilpuisse
"
feld-marechal
II
excuses,
"
rencognant'aussi-
c'est
Joseph.
que
vous
9a,
de-
"
doute
sans
9a."
seriez-vous
"
Joseph,
mieux
que
que
I'autre en
tant
Lieutenant
"
"
"Mieux
"
tomber
vous
de
rasser
Mieux
"
d'arreter
faisan,
que
**
que
de
sergent
pas,
"
la caleche
moyen
reur
monsieur."
Lui-meme,"
'*
"
militaire,
oui, lieutenant;
"
''Mieux
est
il recevait
dont
tour," dit
votre
Monsieur
*'
"
"All!
**
"
Comme
"
"
celui
connaitre
*'
"
Nou
mon
mange
debar-
vous
j'entends bien
porte." Et il
"
139
Le
la
de
de
marchand
Le
dans
Marchand
Gateaux.
petitsgateaux
C'etait
rue.
Petits
son
heure.
vint
L'idee
passer
de
ger
man-
des
mon
de
k cette tentation
c'etait
de
fa9on que,
crier,je restai
Mais
ceux
dans
un
laissant
le marchand
assis
fond
qui
au
ont
de
observe
attendre
mais
aucune
bien
induction
les marcliands
facheuse
et
chambre.
ma
oii
moment
I'ame
sur
la chair
pour
son
de
tenaces
me
vit
circon-
affaire;
la
contraire, continuait a crier avec
Seulement,
plus robuste foi en ma gourmandise.
il ajoutait au
de gateau I'epithete
mot
pressanto
de tout chauds, et il est bien vrai que
cette epi-
thete
au
faisait
Heureusement
des
je
dans
ravages
m'en
aper9us,
ma
et
moralite.
j'ymis
bou
ordre.
crus
'*
"
plus que
"
moi-meme.
Non, repris-je,
je n'ai point d'argent,
"
Credit.
"
Et
"
"
140
Vite.
"
"
Et
puis,je siiisprisonnier.
Ab
Vous
"
**
L'AVARE
has
(His money
Harpagon
voleur
an
{criant
voleur
au
Justice,juste ciel
Bine ;
m'a
on
Oii
est-il ?
le trouver
se
Oii
been
voleur
stolen.)
dcs le
I'assassin !
Je suis
la gorge
Qui peut-ce
argent.
Ou
coupe
MoLlfcRE.
DE
m'a
; on
assas-
derobe
mon
Qu'est-il devenu ?
Que ferai-je
pour
cacbe-t-il ?
?
meurtrier
perdu, je suis
etre ?
courir
au
jardin), Au
Ou
ne
pas
courir
citer
en
me
rendant
mon
clier
argent, ou
Euli ! que
en
m'ap-
dites-vous ?
Co
141
n'est
fait
le
je
aller
question
fils,
toute
et
des
de
celui
liaut
qui
rire.
au
Ton
que
parmi
vol
saires,
genes,
des
que
des
des
me
arcliers,
et
potences
faire
pendre
tout
mon
argent,
je
le
me
ont
vite,
monde
pendrai
se
et,
moi-meme
si
je
bi
mettent
douto,
commis-
Je
je
sup-
juges,
bourreaux,
:
grace,
sans
des
ne
LV
cache
des
prevots,
des
De
et
part,
la
fait-on
point
tous
Aliens
des
parle
voleur,
mon
regardent
fait.
m'a
semble
me
est
N'est-il
qu'ils
verrez
Ton
de
qui
personne
bruit
qui
bles
assem-
gens
qu'on
Quel
la
valets,
tout
est-ce
dise.
lis
Vous
quoi
nouvelles
m'en
?
vous
et
voleur
mon
sait
Ton
de
derobe
m'a
Est-ce
plie
He
sur
Je
donner
de
Que
soup9ons,
que
Sortons.
faire
regards
mes
tomps
servantes,
epio
ait
on
le
et
aussi.
jecte
ne
justice,
moi
soin,
fils.
de
maison
ma
voleur.
mon
la
de
ait
qui
soit
ce
que
justement
traitre
mon
fille
clioisi
donne
me
ne
qui
beaucoup
querir
Je
parlais
veux
si
Ton
et
faut,
qu'avec
coup,
I'heure
II
personne.
des
veux
retrouvo
apres.
ENGLISH-FEENCH
YOOABULAEY.
aunt, tante,/.
avenging,
a,"n
(m.),une,f.
accent, accent, m,
accusing, accusaieur, m.
act, action,/.
active, actif.
actor, acteur(m.), actrice,/.
admira.hlj,admirableTnent.
admire, v, admirer.
after, apr^.
alter
to-morrow,
aprh-
d'^main.
afternoon, aprhs-midi,/.
again, encore.
against, centre.
age. dge, m.
m.
air-hole, soupii'ail,
alike, pareil.
all, tout, torn (m.), toute,
toutes,/.
alms, a?im6ne,/,nng.
alone, seul.
already, ddjd.
also, aussi.
always, toujours.
amhassadeur
ambassador,
(m.), ambassadrice,/,
amiable, aimable,
ancestors, aieux, m.
ancient, anden,
and, et.
animal, animal, m.
anniveranniversary,
saire, m.
annoy,
answer,
v, agacer.
v,
ripondre.
anterior, ant4rieur.
apple, pomme,/.
arm-chair, fauteuil, m.
arrive,v,
at.".
vengeur.
arriver.
hrofher, /rhre, m,
but, maw.
button, bouton, m.
button-hook,/M-e-"ou"on,fi
bad,
mavvais.
ball
(a toy), balle,/.
buy,
V, acheier.
baptismal, baptismal.
be, I',etre.
beak, bee, m.
beer, bi"i-e,
f,
before (of time), avant.
before
(of place), devant.
behind, derritre.
Belgiimi, Bdgique,/.
believe
(I), je crois.
bell, cloche,/.
bet, V, pai-ier.
better, meillevr,
better, mieux.
big, gros.
bird, oiseau, m.
birth, naissance,/.
hirthdaj, anmversaire(m.)
de
la
naissance.
bite, V, mordre.
by, par.
blacken, v, noircir.
boat, bateau, m.
bolt, verj'ou,
m,
book, livre,m.
boot, bottine,/.
both, tous deux,
brake
for
m.
pi.
shoeing, travail,
cat, chat, m.
cattle, b^ail, m.
cattle, le$ bestiaux, m.pl,
ceiling, pla/ond, m.
cellar, cave, /.
certainly, certninement,
change, v, change?-.
chapter, chapin-e,m.
Chai-les, Charles.
enchanJeur,
charming,
cheap, ban marche.
cherish, v, chirir.
cherry, cerise,/.
child, en/ant, m./,
Christmas, Notl.
church, iglise,/,
class, classe,/.
clever, habile.
coat, habit, m.
m.
coffee, ca/^,
collar, col, m.
collect, V, (of taxes) pei
cevoir.
m.
bread, j"flm,jn.
break, t;, casser.
break, v, rompr*,
break,
cabbage, cliou,m.
carriage, voiture,/,
castle, chdteau, m,
v, briser.
brief, bre/.
v, apporter,
broad, large.
bring,
broken, cassd.
collector
cepteur,
complete,
conceive,
concrete,
consent,
of
taxes,
complet.
v, conceroir.
cotuvft.
(imp"rat,)
simtez.
content,
pei
m.
content.
coi
144
hostess,hdtfssejf.jhmute.
house, maifon,/.
house (at the
ot),chez.
"
how?
how
comment?
? combien
many
how
old
are
de f
quel dge
you,
f
avez-vous
humanity, humaniti,/.
humility,humility,f.
hunter, chasseur, (m.),
(in prose) /.,
chasseresse (in poetry) ,/.
chasseuse
I am,
jesuU.
if,si.
nail, clou,m.
de.
near, prh
legal,Idf/al.
neglect, v. ndgligcr.
lent,pril4.
negro,
neighbour, voisin,m.
neither.,
letter,lettre,/.
r\ever,ne... jamais.
Lewis, Louis,
light,lumikre,/.
lilac,lilas,m.
lily,lis,m.
listen,V, icouter.
new,
neu/.
new,
nouveau,
live,V, demeurer.
number, numbre, m,
nut, noix, /.
lose,v,pe7-dre.
important, important,
lost,perdu.
louse,pou,m.
imposition, pensum,
in, dans, en.
inferior,infirieur.
loyal,loyal.
no,
ni
.
ni.
nouvel.
non.
nose,
long
implorer.
nez,
m.
obey,
love, V, aimer.
m.
invade, v, enrahir.
invite, v, inviter.
often, souvenf.
how
old
dgd;
are
?
f
avez
quel
rous
dge
you
old, vieux,vieil,rieille.
old,
mfid,/ou,fol.
magnificent, magnifique.
major, majetir.
interior,inl6rieur.
it is,c'est.
malicious, malin.
f.
Italy,Jtalie,
homme,
man,
ais,marquis,
maitre,
master,
m.
m.
argent,
mother,
landlord, propriitaire,m.
language, langue,/.
large, large.
last, d^-nier, derniere.
late, tard; it is late, f7
est tard; he is late, il
retard,
lazy fellow,pareueiui,
much,
must
(one
must
peVible,caillou,m.
be),
il
/aut lire.
(I must), il/aut que
the subjunctive.
je... with
must
mute,
m.
m.
mh-e,/.
beaucoup.
my,
muet,
mon
phelinej.
papier, m,
pai-don, pardon, m,
parent, parent, m.
parish, paroisse,/.
patience,patience,/,
patient, patient.
minor, mineur.
money,
T^nge, page,/.
misfortune, mcdheur,m.
mistake, /aute,/.
savent.
t.
paper,
mme,mienne,/.
linife,couleau,m.
knight, chevalier,m.
outer
maxim,
maxime,/,
meat, viande,/.
milk, lait,m.
mine, mien, m.
kill,V, tuer.
kind, indulgent.
knee, genou, m.
(they), ils
lioness,marquise,/.
ar
une/ois.
open,
que
marble, bille,/.
It ar
sur.
once,
order
m.
beaucoup.
many,
jealoxis,
jaloux.
jewel,bijou,m.
iast,juste.
justice,/.
Z\iB,tic",
omnibus, omnibus, m.
on,
or, ou.
malignant, malin,
V, ob4ir it,
of. de.
mk,encre,f.
inkstand, ena-ier,m.
en
nor.
time, longtemps.
illustre.
illustrious,
est
ni-
r.iece,
nihce,/.
long, long,longue ;
implore,
know
""".),
let,V, laisser.
ill,malade.
v,
n^re
gresse,/.
less,moindre.
lesson, le^on,/,
(m,),""""/'.
peel, V, peler.
plume,/.
penknife, cani/m.
perceive, v, aperceroir,
person, person ne,/.
picture, taliUau, m.
/.
piece,piice,
"pen,
piece,morceau,
m.
145
respect,v, respecter.
return
(give back),
place,place,f,
place,V, placer,
f.
plate,(usiette,
play,V, jouer.
plural,plufiel,m.
poor
(t\xe),pauvre,m.
man
possess,
rendre.
V, possider,
rudder, gouvernail,m.
pour, V, verser.
power, puissance,/,
praise,v, louer.
prefer,v,prif4rer.
prepare, v, preparer.
present,prdsetU,m.
pretty,joU.
principal,principal.
prize,prix,m.
professor,professeur,m.
prophet, le prophkte (jn.),
la propMtesse,/.
protector,protecteur.
proud, ^;\
province,province,f,
prudent, prudent.
public,public,publiqtie.
punishment, punition,/.
pupil,M^ve, m. "f.
.
bourse,/.
purse,
reward, v, ricompenser.
reward, ricompense,/.
Ting, bague,/.
road, chemin, m.
rose, rose, /.
royal, royal.
push, V, pousser.
put up with, V, supporter.
sacerdotal, sacerdotal.
mime.
same,
satisfied,satis/ait.
saucer,
soucoupe,/,
save,
sauver.
V,
say, V, dire.
say, V, (a lesson), reciter.
school, icole (/.), college
(m.),pension, /.
school-boy, holier, m.
school-girl,4colihre,/.
scissors,les ciseaux, m. pi.
scold, V, gi'onder.
secret, secret.
see
(to see to), v, veiller di.
seen,
vu.
self,mtme.
selfish,4goiste.
sell,V, vendre.
servant, le domestique (m.),
ladom^stique,/.
quarter, trimestre, m.
quarter's rent,terme,
quick, vi/.
quickly, vite.
quiet,
several,plusieurs.
m.
coi.
shepherd,
berger
bergb'e,f.
shine, v, briller.
crier.
silk-handkerchief, /ou-
read, lu.
ready, prit.
lard,
receive,v, recevoir,
received,re^u.
recite, v, idcitcr.
recovers
red,
red,
(he),il
se
remet.
rouge.
roujc.
reflect,
v, r4flichir d.
m.
sing,t),chanter.
singer,chanteur, m.
sinner, picheur
picheresse,f.
sister,soeur,/.
did,m.
summer,
superior, sup4rieur.
sure
to, sHr de.
sweet, doux.
(m.).
swimmer,
nageur
nageuse,/.
m
tailor,tailleur,
take, prends.
tale, conte, m.
talkative, causeur,
task, devoir, m.
tax, impdt, m.
tax-collector, percepteur,
that, cfila.
tea, th6, m.
tear
"h.vit,v,/ermer.
rain, pluie,/.
chagrin, m.
Spain, Espagne,/.
speak, V, parler.
spill,V, 7-enverser.
spite (in spite ot),malgr6,
window.
stained
glass
vitrail,m.
staircase, escalier,m.
station, gare,/.
stiS,raid^, empes4
still,encore.
strict,sii'hre.
strike, v, /rapper,
strong,/ort.
study, V, itudier.
stupid, stupide.
succeed, v, riussir.
succeed
to, v,succMer d
m.
(m.),
shoe, soulie?;m.
short, court.
shout, V,
sorrow,
up,v,
ddchirer.
ten, dlv.
tenderly, tendrement.
terminate, v, terminer.
tiger, tigre (m.), tigresse,
/
time, temps, m.
thank
merci, je vous
you,
remercie.
(w.),
il y a, roilii.
there
are,
there
is,ily a,
le
thine,
void.
tien
(m.),
la
tienne, /.
thing, chose,/,
til13, ceci.
refuse, v, re/user.
rent
(quarter's),terme, m.
repent of,v, se repeniirde.
son,
sooner,
plus tdt.
teplete,
replet.
sooner
{vMiQT),plut6t.
thousand, miUe,millier"
fils,m.
this,
ce
cette
146
throw
away"/"tof,
inquiet.
unhappy, malheureux.
who, qui.
upset, renversi,
will
uneasy,
chy, ta, f.
tie,cravale, f.
timid, timide.
to,d.
to-morrow,
tt-h,fort.
very,
touch,
vicious, vicieux.
village,village,m,
voice, voix,f.
17,
toucher,
touched, toticM.
town, ville,
f.
toy,joujou, m,
translation, tradtiction,
/^
version, f.
traveller, voyageur
twin, jumeau.
two, deux.
U
oncle,m.
under, sous.
work,
work,
A"M.
i,
to or
avoir
at.
you.
water, eau,
we,
f,
year,
I am
nous.
weather, temps, m,
week, semaine, /.
well, bien.
what, quel (m.), quelle,/.
when, quand.
where, ait.
which, quel (m.), quelle,/.
dix
yes,
ans.
QUI.
yon,
vous.
(the),le petit.
young
age,
ai
accompanied.
admirablement,
ro//*".
afln que,
to
in order
that.
affaire, business,
to
agacer,
annoy,
fige,olcL
age,
(j'),/ have.
aidant, helping.
rably.
admi-
aieul, grandfattu^t
aieux,
admirer,
adressa
Jei/ne,m.
yom-tg,
actrice,acU-esM.
adore
accent.
ten
yesterday, hier,
yet, encore.
acheter, to buy.
achet6, bought.
achevons, let us finish.
actif, active,
action, act.
acteur, actor,
accent,
accusateur, 'uxusing,
acbetant, buyuig.
an
VOCABULARY.
adieu, good-bye.
on
abord
accompagne,
travail,
besoin.
n", forsaken.
(d'),firstly.
abreuver, to water,
absence, absence,
Bband
ouvrage,
workman,
ouvrier, m.
workwoman,
ouvrihre, f.
worse, pire (adj.),
pis,adv.
white,blancim.),
blanche,/. your,
V, travaille,
watch, monlre,/,
FEENCH-ENGLISH
a,
sans.
femme,/
woman,
waistcoat, gilet,m.
for,v, attendre.
(m.), want,
".ray,
plateau, m.
tree, arbre, m.
Turkish, turc, m., turque,/.
twice, deux foU.
nnclc
without,
wait
f.
voyageuse,
voulet.
wine, vin, m.
too
much, trop.
top, t"upie,f.
veiix.
vain, vain.
vainly, vainement.
demain.
(I), je
(you), vous
wind, vent, m.
to-day, avjourcChttU
together, ensemble.
will
admire.
i.Y\,Iad"re.
(8"", applied
add^-cssed.
' Hdv(scsiUi,
adiiersiii/.
ancestors.
aiguille, needle.
aimable, amiablek
aimant, luvitui,
aimer, 'o Icve,
I t^iia".lovedm
147
a!n",eldeft.
aiijsi,thus.
ait {qaUX),that hemay have.
alle (je suis), I went.
Geivmny.
Allemagne,
aller,/o go.
allons, let us go.
alors, then.
assemble, meeting.
assembles, assembled,
\i\lovL,jeicel.
enough,
assez,
bille,marble.
blauchi, whitened.
assiette,plate.
Athalie, Athalia,
attend
blasphemer,
re, to wait.
au,
ambassadrice, /.,ambassa-
auberge, inn,
bon
dress.
ame, sovl.
aujourd'hui, to-day,
bont6, kindness,
B,mi,fnend.
fi~iendsMp.
araiti6,
auparavant,
auprfes,near.
an,
aura,
an
year.
nee,
year.
ancien, ancient.
ancre,
anchor.
Anglais, English,
animal, animal.
niversaire, anniversary.
anterieur, anterior.
Antoine, Anthony.
apercevoir, to perceive.
aper9oit,perceives.
an
will
cheap,
bout, end,
bourreau, executioner,
before,
bourse, purse.
have.
bouton, button.
boutonnde, buttoned,
bras, aim.
brave, brave.
bref brief.
,
briller,to shine.
briser, to break.
{i\),hebreak$,
bruit, noise.
formerly.
autrefois,
avait, fiad.
avait (ily), there
avant, before.
march6,
bottine, boot.
alms.
aumone,
blaspheme.
good.
bonheur, happiness.
the.
to
to
bon.
attends, wait.
brise
teas,
miser.
avare,
perceived.
I
avarice,
avarice,
(je
m'en),
ceived
peraper(;us
aper^u
avec,
with.
9a, thnt.
peixdved.
aper5Tit,
avez,
have.
apparat, show.
appartint, belonged.
appliques, adapted.
ajiporter, to bring.
apportdi, brought.
/ learn.
apprends (j'),
apprennant, learnt.
appris, learnt.
approchait, appj'oched.
aprfes,after.
apres-midi, afternoon.
Arabe, Arabian.
arbre, tree.
archers, bowmen.
argent, money.
arm6e, army.
arracher, to take away.
avidite,avidity.
it.
avoir,
avons
avoue,
to have.
(nous), we have,
acknowledge.
ayant, having.
ca.\\\o\x,
pebble.
bague, ring.
baigner, to bathe,
bail, lease.
balle, ball.
baptismal, baptismal.
bataille, battle,
bntoau, boat,
beau, Jine.
baaucoup, mvch. many.
bel (m.), belle (f.).Jine,
calcul, calculation.
cal6che, open carriage,
camarade, comrade.
(rats en),
fall to again.
penknife.
campag'ue
rats
canif
singer.
capltaine, captain.
capital, capital.
aiTfite I stop !
Belgiqug. Belgium.
CUT,
caravane,
assassin, murderer.
bcni, blessed.
b^nit, blesses.
berger, shepherd.
betail, cattle.
bee, beak.
b6nin, good-natured.
besoin, want.
besoin
(avoir), to tcant.
murdered.
ftasassine,
bien,well,vei-y, indeed,
has
th^
cantatrice,/.,professiona
arrete, stopped.
an-iva, arrived,
aiTivent, arrive.
country.
campagne,
f 07'.
caravan.
cardeur, wool-carder,
cas, case.
casquette, cap.
casse,
cause,
cause
causeur,
"
broken.
cause.
de
(".),owaccount
talkative,
cave, cellar.
of,
148
ce, tMs.
stance.
circonstance,circum-
ceci, this,
odder, fo give way,
corriger,to
correct.
corrompre,
to
c6t6
ciseaux, scissors.
citadin,city rat,
cela, that.
celui-ci,this one.
cependant, however.
hoop.
cerceau,
civil,civil.
clart6, clearnest,
classe, class.
cloche, bell.
couchcrent
certainement, cei-tainly.
cerise,chen-y.
clou, nail,
coi,quiet.
couper,
ces, these
col, collar.
cour,
cesse,
or
thote,
ceases.
cette, this,
ceux,
those.
chacun,"'"cA.
chagiin, so/tow,
chair,flesh.
chiileur,heat.
chameau, camel.
chanibre, t-oonu
champ, field.
changer, to chaitye.
change, clmnged.
chanter, to sing.
cliapitre, chapter.
charge, load.
chai-ge,loaded.
chateau, castle.
chaud, hot,warm.
chauiTe, warmed.
chemin,
chemin
road.
de fer,railroad
cher, dear.
cherir, chei-ish.
chose, tMtig.
Colomb
(Christophe),
Christopher Columbus.
chou, cabbage.
choucroute, sauerkraut,
ci-dessous,liere below,
del, heaven.
cieux, heavens,
ciuq,fii-e.
to cut.
yard.
courage,
courlr, to
point.
wJien.
begin,
commence,
hoic,
comment,
commenpait, began.
commis, committed.
commencement,
begtTining.
commissaires, policemen.
companion.
compagnon,
ingly.
obligcomplaisamment,
courage,
run.
cousin, cousin,
court, s?io"-t.
couteau, knife.
couvercle, lid.
convert, the cloth,the din.-
things,
ner
crainte,fear.
crapaud, toad,
cravate, tie.
crddit,credit.
cri, cry,
criait,called.
criant, calling,
crier,to call.
crier, to shotit.
huntrext,
chassercsse,/,
chat, cat.
blow.
coup,
coupable, guilty.
bj'ougham,
coupe,
school.
college,college,
est
to bed,
went
corrupt,
close by.
(bi),
couche, lying.
complet, complete.
conducteur, conductor.
conduisait,
conducted,
makes
cru,
believed.
cruel, cruel.
drove.
confond
no
colonel, colonel.
concevoir, to conceive,
holiday.
conge,
connais, know.
connaissance, knowledge.
connaitre, to know.
concrete, concrete.
consentir, consent.
considerable, considerable.
consolation, consolation.
conte, tale.
contenait, contained.
content, satisjied.
crus
crut
Qe), J believed.
he believed,
(il),
cuir,leather.
dame, lady.
dans, in.
dattes, dates,
de, of
or
from.
d6barboniller
(se),to wash
one's face.
ddban-asser
(vous),
yourself of,
debout, vp,
d6cevoir, to
to rid
deceive,
continuait, continued.
continuferent, continued
contraire (au), on tfie contrary.
docerner, to award,
ddchirer, to tear.
d6couvert, uncovered, also
contre, against,
convive, guest,
ddcouverte, discovery,
defaut,/au".
d6fendre
to defend.
d6fenseur, defender.
discovered.
coquin, rascal,
corail, coral.
149
Mj^, alreadp.
d^jefiner,braikfa^
doda, plump.
6oigt,fl7iger.
emperenr,
d^licieux, delicious.
deniain, to-morrow.
demanda, asked.
demeure, residence.
demeurer, to reside,
let us
d6pechons,
haste, quick.
d6p6cher
(se), to
doit, owes.
empoisonnaient, poisoned,
domestique,
done,
make
make
haste.
to
depend,
then.
d"rt
dir6h6, stolen.
derri6re, behind.
dcs, of or from the.
dte, from, as soon as,
(je),
en,
encore,
encre,
shall give.
enfant, child.
he sleeps.
(il),
have
doute, doubt.
douter, to doubt.
doux, sweet, gentle.
drapeau,/"gr.
descendit, set
devinez, guess.
devoir, to owe, to
devoir
be
(s'),to be dull,
ensemble, together.
enterre, buried.
entendirent, heard.
(le),task.
d6vor6, devoured.
Dido.
DIeu, God.
difficile,
difficult.
digne, deserving.
dimanche, Sunday,
dina, dined.
dindon, turkey.
din^, dined.
diner, dinner.
Diog^ne, Diogenes,
dire, to say.
dis, say.
discret, discreet.
disparnt, disappeared.
dit, says.
divers, various,
divin, divine.
dix. ten.
water.
6claterait,burst.
6cole,school.
dcolier,schoolboy.
6coli6re, schoolgirl.
6cria
entendre,
cried
(s'),
to hear.
entiferement,entirely.
entrainer, to carry away,
crushed.
ecrasa,
to be carried
out,
^crire,to write.
6crls (j'),
/ write.
effectivement, indeed,
away.
entre, among.
entreprise,undertaking,
entrer, to enter.
entretien, conversation.
effcts,effects.
effort,effort.
envahir,
envers,
to invade.
towards.
6gal, equal.
^galement, equally.
^garer, to mislead.
^glise,church.
dgoiste,selfish.
envieux, envious,
6paule, shoulder,
eh I ah!
eiTenr,
Eliacin, Eliacin.
itlhfG,
pupil.
Clever,to bring up,
Clever (s'),
to rise.
es
6pie, watcJied.
^pitaphe, epitaph.
6pithete,epithet.
go away.
embellii-,embellish.
de (s*),
to seize,
empes6, starched, stiff.
emploi, employment.
emparer
employ^,
employons
ploy.
employed.
(nous), we
mistake.
escalier,staircase.
Espagne, Spain.
hope.
esperance,
esprit,mind, spirit.
elie,she.
^loigne,distant.
Eloigner,(s') to
^mail, enamel.
to.
enniiyer
ddvorer, to devour,
Didou,
eau,
orders
ennemi, enemy.
ennuy6, annoyed.
down.
let
received
down.
descendu,
alighted,
down, gone down.
descendre, to alight.
encrier,inkstand.
dos, back.
went
in, into.
enchanteur, charming,
depuis, since.
last.
derm'fere,
descendis
(je)"I
poisoned.
donna, gives.
donn6, given.
donner, to give.
donnera, will give.
donnerai
ddpendre,
servant,
don, gift.
to live.
emperor.
empoisonna,
em-
est, is.
et, and.
6taient,were,
^tais,was,
6tait,teas.
6t6,been.
^t6,summer.
6tend (s'),
extendi,
"tes,are.
^tonneraent, astonishment
160
stranger,/or"rf^"i.
feuillage,/o?tasr",
fiti-e.to be.
fi,fie.
ficelle,
string.
6tadier,to studyt
eu,
fier
eut, had.
g^n6ral, general.
instruments
genes,
excuse,
filleule,
godchild,/,
geste, gesture.
fils,son,
fille,
daughter.
fini,finished.
finir,tofinisft.
firent, did.
fis,did.
fit,did.
gilet,waistcoat,
gliss6,slipped,
gloire,glory,
excuse.
excmple, example.
explication,explanation
explique, explains.
ext^rieur, extet-ior,
extremity, end.
extrcmement,
extremely.
people,
gdographe, geographer,
gens,
m,
gorge,
fait,fact.
fait,done.
fait,does.
do
faites-vons,
you
do t
fan^,faded.
fantome, ghost.
faudrait
(il),it would be
to ; J,you, dec,
necessary
my
gouvernail, rudder.
grdce (de), for mercy'f
sake.
gramraaire,
my faith, or
word.
twice, three
dec
shoicer,
must,
faate,fault, mistake,
faxori,favo2-ite.
aimchair.
fr.uttuil,
fuut (il),
it is necessary
you, he, dec,must).
frissonner,
strike.
thai.
femme, woman.
fenetre,window,
tiodal,feudal.
fer,iron.
fer (chemin
de), railway.
ferais (je),/should
do,
ferme, far-m.
fanner, to shut,
estin, banquet.
to shiver,
not
haWle,
clever.
habille
(toi),dresi
your^
'"
self.
habit, coat.
haie,hedge.
miser.
hate
(se),hastens,
haut, high.
haut
(li),up there,
h6I
eh I
hclas!
(2e),Ibet.
galop, gallop.
garda de (se), took
currants,
gioseilles,
gueule, mouth.
harpagon,
a
gage
scold.
hait, hates.
harangue, address,
fromage, cheese.
(/, frnit,fruit.
fut, was.
feia-mar6chal,field-mar-
to
gios, big.
fran9ais,French.
ing.
frappant, striking, knock-
tikre,brother.
engraving,
gravure,
Grec, Greek.
gionder,
fort, strong.
fortement, strongly.
fou, mad, foolish.
foule,crowd, quantity.
fresh.
frais,
franc, frank.
trapper,to
grandeur, greatness.
fond, bottom.
force,strength.
forger,to forge.
tanx,false,
gj-ammar,
grand, tall,great.
throat.
gourmandise, greediness,
"eiir,flower,
foi,faith.
foi (ma), upon
upon
knee.
genou,
flattsur,flattering,
fabrication,fabrication.
f4cheuse, unpleasant.
facile,easy.
fa(;on,manner,
faim, hunger,
faire,to do.
fais (je),Ido
faisais,did.
faisait,did.
faisan,pheasant,
tor-
[ture,
^veille is'),awakfis.
examination,
examen,
them,
of
Gfines,Genoa.
breakfast.
fille,
girl.
filleul,
godchild,
eux,
ineon"
veiiience.
Mk]e,faitftfut,
fier,proud.
had.
eiih ! euh
gfinerait, would
alast
hemisphere, hemispheres
care
to.
Henri, Henry.
Henrique, Henriquez,
heros, hero.
heroine, heroine.
gare, station.
heure, hour.
gjltean, cake.
heureusement,
happily,
gaz, gas.
heui-eux, happy.
gazon, grass.
gendarme, country-police- hibou, owl.
man.
hideuz, hideoxt^
garde-chasse, gamekeeper,
Ibi
matin, morning.
moina
mol, m, soft.
xao\\e,f,soft.
moment, moment.
nous,
nouveau,
netc.
men,
nouveau
(de),again,
xnauvais,bad.
maxime, maxim,
"me,
me,
in6dit6, meditated,
self.
mSme,
even.
let
threatsave,
us
spare.
would
menagerait,
save,
spare.
to lead.
mener,
falselwod.
[you.
merci, tfuink,thanks,tliank
mercredi, Wednesday.
m6re, mother.
m^rite, merit.
m^ritent (ils),
merit.
tfiey
merveilleux, marvellous.
messager,
lord.
my
Sir.
montre, watch.
morality, morality.
morceau,
piece.
mordro, bite.
mort, death.
mort, dead.
mot, word.
soft.
mou,
mourir, to die.
moun-aient, would die.
mounxrent, they expired,
moj'en,
am
dying.
means,
muet, dumb.
miu-, wall.
natation,
swimming,
navire,ship,
ne...plus,no more.
only.
ne...que,
ne
..rien,nothing.
meurtrier, murderer.
midi, noon.
mieune
(la),mine.
mieux, better.
so
much
(he
observation,observation.
observe, observed.
occupe-t-il (k quoi
what
does
8*),
he do ?
occup6, employed.
ceil,eyp.
ceuf,egg.
offert,offered.
oie,goose.
ou,
or.
oil,where,
ouvert, open.
oui,yes.
ouvrage,
nose.
ne...ni,neither.
niece.
nifece,
Pacific
Pacifique,
page, page.
pain, bread.
panier,basket.
name,
papa, papa.
nombre, number,
nombreuse, numei-ous,
stop to it,
mit (ilse),?ie began,
mit, pildced.
modestie, modesty.
mol, /, to me, me.
nommez-vous
moi-mSme,
non,
Tons) ?
?
name
papier, paper.
par, by.
(comment
what
no, not.
notre,our.
work.
ouvrier,workman,
oval,oval.
nom,
I put
(j'y),
ombre, shadow,
omnibus, omnibus.
on, one, they,you,
oncle, uncle.
ont (ils),
they have,
ordinal, ordinal,
ordre, order.
ortolans, ortolans.
negress.
mis
myself.
ob.icurci,obscured.
negresse,
neuf , new,
mineur, minor.
minuit, midnight,
minute, minute,
mis, dressed.
noindre, less.
oblige,obliged.
oil (d'),whence,
Noel, Chi-islmas.
noir, black.
noircir,to blacken.
noisette, hazel nuts,
noix, walnut,
ob^ir,to obey.
necessity,necessity.
negliger,to neglect.
nez,
man.
ordre
not one
orpbelin,orphan,
ne, born.
milieu
bon
nul, no,
tant mieux,
better.
nouvel, m, new,
nouvelle,/, new.
nonvellcment, latrlu.
oiseau,bird.
^rire (ils
mettent
se),they
burst out laughing.
(je me),
we, us.
nouvelles
(des),new*
nuit, night.
messenger.
mets, food.
mets
(je),I put (on).
meurs
[body.
le), every-
menageons,
laensonge,
mer, sea.
my.
monsieur,
(11),tiefeed*.
nourrit
monseigneur,
menaced,
menace,
nonrrir,to feed.
leaH.
monde, world.
monde
(tout
meilleur,better.
mime, same.
mSme,
(au),at
is
your
paraltre,to appear
pardon, pardon,
pareil,alike.
parent, parent,
paresseux, idl*.
153
to
parier,
bet.
parler,to
speak.
I sjjoke.
parlais(je),
parmi, among.
pavois^SQ,
parish.
pars
I go
(je),
away.
part,part.
part k (ils ont), theyhave
a
hand
prSt6,lent.
plat, dish.
plateau, tiay.
prince, prince.
divide.
he weeps,
plenre (il),
pas, not.
pluie,rain.
passant, passer-by.
paternel,paternal.
patience,patience,
pature,/oo"f.
Paul,Paul.
plume, pen.
plupart (la),the most
plural.
pluriel,
plus, more.
no more,
plus (ne...),
pauvre,
seveial.
plusieurs,
poor.
poids,weight.
p^cheuTf^sheiinan,
sinner.
p^heresse,
pomme,
part.
promenade, walk.
promend
(je me
suis),/
"
tfieapple.
/ thought.
pensais (je),
pensait (il),he thought.
portent
penseQe), I
to bear, carry,
poi-ter,
posant, putting.
poss^der, to possess.
poste, post (for letters'),
potence, gallows,
pens6e,thought.
porte, door.
porte (je me), I bear myself,
am.
Perses,Persians.
personne,
person.
personne
(with
ne),
tw-
took
propose
prO'
protecteur, protector.
[able.
wilt be
provision,stock.
prudent, prudent.
public,public.
puisqne,
since.
puissance,pow^.
[be able.
that he may
puisse (qu'il),
puissions (que nous) that
we
be able.
may
pnits,well.
puni, punished.
punit, he punishes.
punition, punishment,
put, could.
prenant, taking.
prend, takes.
prends, take.
peu,/ew.
peur,/(?ar.
pent, can,
(je me),
carry.
premier,_/f;v".
body.
perte,lost.
petit,little,
walk.
promettre, to promise.
promis, promised.
prophfete,
prophet.
promptement, promptly.
pose.
imposition.
percevoir,to collect taxes.
percepteur, collector of pou, louse.
perdit,he lost.
[taxes. pour, to,for.
pourquoi, why.
perdre,to lose.
(tu),thou
perdu, lost,
pouiTas
p^re,father.
pouss6, pusfied.
perles,
pearls.
pousser, to push.
pensum,
prit,he took.
priv6,dep7-ived.
prix,prize and price.
prodigieux,
prodigious.
giously.
poisson,^sh.
portant, bearing.
penser, to think.
^master,
professeur,
professor,
proie,prey.
peine (k),Iiardly,
pendant, during.
pendrai (je me), / sliall
hang myself.
pendre, to hang.
think.
first.
prodigieusement,prodl-
point, not.
the
prisonnier,
prisoner.
plutot, rather.
paj's, counti'y.
p^her, to fish.
pret, ready.
prevot,provost,magistrati.
primaut6
(I'honneurde
la),the honour of being
principal,piHncipal headprison,prison.
plein,/uW.
he wept.
plem-ait(il),
in.
partager,to
place,p?ace.
placer,to place.
plafond,ceiling.
plaignait(se),complained.
plaisir,
pleasure.
plaisirs,
preserves.
quand, when.
take.
prendrais(je),/!;ioM7d
quant h, as to.
quartier, district,
qnatre,four.
preparer,to prepare.
pr6s,near.
phosphoriqne,phosphoric. present,present,
que, than.
[many.
que, t/iat.
for
combien, hoa
que
piece,
pi^cQ,
only.
que Cne...),
quel, what.
peut-"tre,
perhaps.
pied,/oot.
pied (i),onf"ot.
pique de (je me;,
I boast
pire.worse.
pl6ton,j"ed"tn'am
pressd (n'eut
rien
de
quelque,
some.
quelqu'nn,somebody,
qniiir,to fetch.
question,question,
torture,
question,
qui,who, that.
154
qnitter,to leave,to part
repose, he reposes.
quittez,from quitter,
to drive away.
reprenait,he took again.
quoique,though.
representation, representation.
from.
repousser,
R
raconta
I replied,
repris-je,
related.
(il),
raide,stiff.
rainas.se
(on le),one pick's
it up, it is picked up.
rapidement, rapidly.
rapporta (il),he brought
back.
rare,
lare.
havoc, avages.
recevoir, to receive.
recevait,he received.
reciter,to recite.
ravages,
togetheragain.
rdicompcnse,7-eward.
to reward.
reconnaissant, grateful.
re(;u, received.
s6v6re,strict.
rester,to remain.
he would remain.
resterrtit,
retire (se),retires.
si,if.
(je), /
find
again.
soenr, sister,
rave, dream.
soin,
reve,
dreamed.
revetu, covered.
revint
revu,
he
(il),
seen
came
again.
again.
riche, rich.
rien (ne...),
nothing.
rire,laugh.
rompre, break.
rose, rose.
regards, looks,eyes,
reliefs,
fragments,
remet
(il"e), he recovers.
xea\\A\\,,
filled.
(se), putting
rencognant
himself in the cornei:
to
r6pandre,
shed.
r6parer, to repair.
repentir (se),to recent.
repliqua,he I'eplied.
r6pliqne,replies.
r^pondit (U), he answered.
r^pondre, to answer.
J answer.
r6ponds (je),
r^ponds (je vous
en), 1
I
assure
promise you,
yo u.
r^ponse, answer.
sombre,
dark.
sommeil, sl^^.
son, his,her.
dream.
songe,
sonner,
to
ring,
somoupe,
rue, street.
rustique,rustic,the field-
soupQonner,
red.
rouge,
red, sandy,
royal,royal.
roux,
rat.
soupe,
(se), returning,
going.
sa, his,her.
rendre, to give back.
back.
sable, sand.
rends, retuj-n,give
renfermd, contained.
sac, sack,bag.
to spill,
sacerdotal,sacerdotat,
upseL
renverser,
saint,holy.
renvoyant, sending back
away.
care.
Eoir,evening.
soit,be.
soient,let them be.
soldats, soldiers.
sun.
soloil,
blew.
soufllait,
soulevant, raising.
would raisi,
soulfeverait,
Soulier,shoe.
soup^on, suspicion.
rendant
or
(la),his,fier.
signc,sign.
simple, simple,
six, six.
sienne
r6ussir,to succeed.
r^ga\,feast.
theylook.
regardent (ils),
rdpands, from
would
be.
revive.
ressusciter,
rivaux, rivals.
VQAingote,frock-coat.
riviere,Hver.
refuser,to refuse.
regagnait (la capitalc), robuste, sturdy.
was
going to the capital. roi,king.
r""Acontrer, to meet.
serait,would be.
seriez (vous), you
sergent, sergeant.
servante, maidservant,
ses, his,her.
senl,only, alone.
revendiquant,claiming.
receive.
refois,
will be.
sera,
reprit,took again.
resist.
r"isiste,
respecter,to respect.
retrouve
rat,rat.
rocompenser,
rep fit,replied.
semblaifc,
appeartd.
semble, appears.
sais (ie),Iknow.
sait (on), they know.
salle,room.
samedi, Saturday.
sans,
without.
sauver,
to save.
savent, know"
scrupule, scruple.
se, himself,themselves.
sec, dry.
seconde, second.
secret, sea-et.
semaine, week.
tosuspecL
soup.
air-hole.
soupirail.
sou,
sous,
sou, a
half-penny.
under.
souvenir, remember,
souvcnt, often.
Spartiates,Spartan*
spectre,speclte.
stupide,stupid.
succ6der,to succeed,
suip (je),lam.
sxdt,follows.
superho, proud (mati).
superieur,superior.
snpplie,entreats.
support, support.
supporter, lo support,
snr, on, upon.
sure.
stir,
surpris,surprised.
Buspcndre,^ susvend.
155
travail,li'ake for shoeing vleille /, old.
tant,
much.
so
tante,
aunt.
mieux,
tant
so
much
the
better.
tapis,carpet.
taid, late.
tasse, cup.
tate
(il),
he/eels.
te, thee.
tel, such,
tendrement, tenderly.
tentation, temptation.
temie, quarter-'srent.
terminer, to
travailler,to work.
traversait, he crossed.
trfes,
very.
tr6sor, treasure,
triste,sad.
trois,th?-ee.
tromper, to deceive,
trompeur, deceiver,
tr6ne, thi'one.
trop, too much.
troubla, he disturbed,
trouble, disturbed.
temple, temple.
t"^moin, witness,
temps, time.
tenace, tenacious.
tenait (il).he held.
terminate.
th6, tea.
thfeme, exercise.
tigre (m.),tiger.
Ugresso (/.).tigress,
tien (le),thine.
Tnrquie, Turkey,
one.
a,
one.
uniforms
(s),unifoiin.
V
drew.
tirait,
vain
tir6,shot.
vainement, vainly,
tir6,pulled.
vaisseau, vessel.
valet, footman.
van
tail,leaf of a door,
vapeur,
turn.
(k votre), U
calf,veal.
ver,
your
turn.
trorl;
feraTail,
veau,
to
see
viens
vieux, m, old,
vif, quick.
ville, town.
village, village,
vin, wine.
Vint, came.
Vint d, happened to.
come,
woj-m.
verrou,
verser,
you
will
see.
bolt.
to pour.
version, translation,
verte, green.
veux
(je),/ win,
viande, m^at.
vicieux, vidotu,
vie, life.
vieil,
m, old.
saw.
vite, quickly.
Vitesse,miftness.
vitrail, stained glass-win^
dow.
vivre, to live.
voici,here is,here are.
voil^, there is,there are,
voir, to see.
vois from voir,
voisin, neighbour,
voit (il),he sees.
voiture, carriage,
voix, voice.
vol, theft.
voleur, thief,
vos,
your.
votre,
your.
v6tre
(le),yours,
voulu, wanted, wished,
voudras,future o/vonloft
voudrons, future of vonvoulalt. Tie wanted.
vouloir, to want, to wish.
voulut, he wanted.
ver-luisant,glow-worm.
verre, glass.
verrez,
come,
loir,
to,
vengeur,
avenger,
vent; wind.
tout, all.
tout (pas dn), not ttt all.
tout-^-conp,sudde-iy.
tradnction, translaUon,
trahi, beti-ayed.
train (en), at it.
trainer,to drag,
traltre, traitor,
traits,darts.
vase.
vendre, to sell.
vendredi, Friday.
venez
(vous), you
toupie, top.
tour
vapour.
vase,
veiller k,
jours,always,
tour,
en),in vain.
come.
(ils),
they
(ie), I come.
viennent
vit,
timi(ie,
timid.
tou
let him
violon,violin.
une,
toi,thee,to thee,etc.
tombait, he fell.
tombe (il),hefallt.
trmber, to fall.
ton, thy.
tot, soon.
touchd, touched.
toucher, to touch,
Vienna.
Vienne,
vienne,
trouva,
he found.
(il),he finds.
trouver, to find.
txo\xvkrent{i\a),
theyfound.
tu, thou.
tuer, to kill.
tuferent (ils),
they killed.
Turc, Turk.
wOl
comr.
tronve
nn, a,
hutton-hooi,
tire-bouton,
(voua), yoH
viendrez
horses.
ta, thy.
tableau, picturei
taillenr,tailor.
vous,
you.
traveller,
vrai, true.
vu,
vae,
seen.
yeux,
view.
eyes.
y, there,to it,eta
tl^teal.