Internship Report On Online Dispensary Management

SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT
ON
ONLINE DISPENSARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
AT
GENX SOFT TECHNOLOGIES
JAIPUR
SUBMITTED TO:
SUBMITTED BY:
Dr. PRASUN CHAKRABARTI
AKANKSHA THAKUR
(HOD, CS)
ROLL NO 12CS001567
SPSU, Udaipur (Raj).
Sir PadampatSinghania University

Bhatewar, Udaipur,Rajasthan
DECLARATION
I Akanksha Thakur student of Sir PadampatSinghaniaUniversity ,Udaipur, hereby declare

that the project titled Online Dispensary Management System is my original as all of the
information facts and figure in this report is based on my own training experience and study
during my summer training procedure.
Signature : _________________________
Name : _________________________
Enroll. No. : _________________________
Date : _________________________
CERTIFICATION
AKANKSHA THAKUR /SPSU/CSE/GENEX SOFT/2015-16/Page/2
This is to certify Miss. Akanksha Thakur a student of B.tech 2012 Batch has undergone
summer training in GENX SOFT TECHNOLOGIES at JAIPUR on the topic of
ONLINE DISPENSARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM for a period of 45 days
commencing from date 18th May to 4th July.
This summer training project report embodies the facts and figures collected and interpreted
by her during the course of training.
Dr. PRASUN CHAKRABARTI

(HOD, CSE)
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Akanksha Thakur/SPSU/CSE/Genex Soft/2015-16/Page/3
I take the opportunity to express my gratitude to all the concerned people who have directly
or indirectly contributed towards completion of this project. I extend my sincere gratitude
towards GENX SOFT for providing the opportunity and resources to work on this project.
I am extremely grateful to Dr. PRASUN CHAKRABARTIHead of
Department(HOD),Bareilly whose insight encouraged me to go beyond the scope of the
project and this broadened me learning on this project.
I also want to show my gratitude to Mrs.Pooja Singh, HR manager of training and
development section whose insight helped me to complete this project.
AKANKSHA THAKUR
(CSE Branch)
ABSTRACT
We have developed a project on Online Dispensary Management System on a PHP

platform. This project is about an online medical site which is open for all. The interface is
very user-friendly. The data are well protected for personal use and makes the data processing
very fast.The project is based on the database, object oriented and networking techniques. As
there are many areas where we keep the records in database for which we are using MY SQL
software which is one of the best and the easiest software to keep our information. This
project uses PHP as the front-end software and has connectivity with MY SQL.Our Project
includes registrations of members, storing their detail. Registered members then check the
details of the doctors which are on duty, their schedule, medicines available on medical store.
There is a contact page available which includes the detail of all the departments. Admin can
update the details like contact no or E-mail_idaccordingly.Clients can also request for the
change of password which will be updated in the database.Only admin can make any changes
to the portal other than personal details of the clients. The details of all the clients are stored
in the database. Other than this there is also an enquiry form and subscribe form provided for
clients. We have worked on the languages such as HTML (Hypertext Markup Language),
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), Javascript, Jquery. For Database we have worked on MySql
platform. We have used the software like Dreamweaver CC, Wamp.
CONTENTS
Declaration
Certification
II
Acknowledgement
III
Abstract
IV
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
-
1 8
History of Genx
Company Profile
Services
CHAPTER 2
9-13
HTML
-
Introduction
Markup
Elements
CHAPTER 3
14-18
JavaScript
-
Introduction
Syntax
Compatibility Considerations
CHAPTER 4
19-21
CSS(Cascading Style Sheets)

-
Introduction
Syntax
Use
CHAPTER 5
22-26
Jquery And Bootstrap

-
Definition
Features
Browser Support
Usage
Bootstrap Introduction
Usage and Functions
CHAPTER 6
25-41
PHP And MySql

-
MySql Introduction
History
MySql Functions
MySql Commands
PHP Introduction
PHP Syntax
PHP Functions
PHP Use
CHAPTER 7
42
PANEL
-
Introduction
CHAPTER 8
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
-
43-56
Introduction
Details About The Project
Software Used
CONCLUSION
57
LIST OF FIGURES
S.no.
Name of figure or chapter
Page no.
Geographical location
Webpage Using Bootstrap
25
PHP
39
Panel
42
Project Description
45
Information Page
46
Medical Store
47
Contact Page
49
Login Page
51
10
Footer
52
11
MySql
53
12
Admin Panel
54
13
User Panel
55
14
Software Used
56
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS
HTML
HyperText Markup Language
CSS
Cascading Style Sheets
PHP
HyperText Preprocessor
SQL
Structure Query Language
WAMP
Windows, Apache,MySQl,PHP
XML
Extensible Markup Language
XHTML
Extensible HyperText Markup Language
AJAX
Asynachronous JavaScript and XML
DOM
Document Object Model
JSON
Javascript object and notation
ASP
Active Server Pages
PERL
Practical Extraction and Report Language
API
Application Program Interface
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 HISTORY OF GENX
GENX SOFT TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD Was Established in 2010 At Jaipur,

Specialized in Web Application Development, Website Designing, Software Application
Development and Mobile Application Development. Company has established its Core
Development Units at Bangalore, Delhi, Jaipur, Bhopal, and Gwalior with excellent
infrastructure.
The company has its own brand identity in international market. We have a quality stack
holders dedicated towards adding continuous values to our client based services &
process. We also deals in Professional Web Hosting, S.E.O. Services, Process
Consultation and other IT related services at Jaipur and other branches.
Company's Growth Values:GENX SOFTWARES is
one of the leading brands in global IT market. GENX SOFTWARES has
served more than 1000 clients worldwide. GENX SOFWTARES is a privately held company
reserves rights to offer services worldwide. The most important key issue of our continuous
growth is our Valuable & Skilled Employees.
Companys Competitive Key Issues:-
Young, Energetic & Experienced Team.

Perfect Hierarchal Management.
Our Pricing & Quality make us different from others.
Our High Tech Infrastructure.
Our Global Partnership.
.
Process And Initiatives
GENX SOFT TECHNOLOGIES follows proactive approach in its
Development & Designing Process to reduce communication GAP between
Developments.
We always have a Ready to Work Team which has got excellent interpersonal
& technical skills to gear up the process of SDLC in the best manner. At the
very first step of SDLC we clearly understand the expectation & requirements
with complete documentation & Fact Sheets.
We have a very strong network for Client Support Service; they are
responsible to intimate all updates & status to the client as per the report by
the Technical Or Development Teamto Our Project Processing & Management
Team smartly prepares complete documentation for the Work & Process Flow
with Given Deadlines by the client. Because we trust on a well-planned
Work Quality Management:Our Project Management team is highly motivated towards offer excellent work quality to
our clients. We believe good quality work always influence our clients to share good
experience with others. We have quality benchmarking service which assures quality work
output expected from the work flow management.
Our Development & Project Management team is highly qualified and motivate for work
delivery. We follow our own researched quality benchmarking model to complete & deliver
the project work as per deadlines.
We use some important methodology to work:
Eagerness to work creative & hard for clients positive feedback.

Feeling of ownership that each member can be a one man army with skills & Expertise.
Motivation of Rewards & Achievements for every individual & Team.
Creative working to get appreciation from client.
Unique Direction & Perfect personal & HR management.
Rewards & Achievement:Excellent Learning & Motivation for the quality is the utmost important culture of GENX
SOFT TECHNOLOGIES (P) LTD. Our employees enjoy a rewarding career oriented
working culture which influence them to achieve expected growth in given period of time.
We have passionate young engineers & manager educated from TOP universities of India as
well abroad. While working with GENX SOFT they feel pleasure and happy to work.
Corporate Training & Entertainment:We believe that a skilled employee needs high end corporate training to understand the
working culture of a company. We have Global Tie-ups for Employee Training & Orientation
Program. We work on their skills & professionalism development so that they can become a
long term valuable asset of the company.
We have a trend to celebrate all moments which can refresh the mind of our employees so can
they can get back to their work with more energy. We organize all related company
ceremonies in with employees take a part to celebrate each moment.
Health & Meditation:We have arranged complete Corporate Health Checkup Facility by our Employee Health
Care card and check up service is available in all Metro Cities.
Worldwide Genx
As Global IT scenario is changing frequently and taking important place in worldwide
advancement. It has become an important consideration to serve in the best way. For the same
we have Different Business Units across India to serve our clients in the better way.
We have established our well-equipped Development Units in Major States of India with
quality circle & expert team. We have Our Major Clients from overseas like US. ,UK,
Australia etc. We have expert Client Support department with skilled employees who really
care for clients core values.
Special Facilities for Outsourcing & Working Process:We

Provide
Day-Night
Both
Shifts
to
work
on
overseas
projects.
We have well equipped Development Wings having quality skills for technical working.
Trained Client Support Executives with Excellent communication & Accent to understand
your development need & changes.
We always keep backup support for all minor & major requirements for Website &
Software development.
We have transparent & well trusted payment transactions & processing.
We are always eager to know the feedback of our clients & continue improvement in our
process.
We have a unique process for offshore work management to assure quality work which can
influence our clients to be a part of our association for a longer period of time.
We believe in providing risk free process, high quality delivery process, transparent working
& payment process, Quality Assurance Techniques.GENX SOFT TECHNOLOGIES (P)
LTD follows different models of International Work process.
Offshore Delivery Model:GENX SOFT assure the quality project development as per the client needs, the whole
responsibility to develop a quality product becomes the responsibility of Sr. Project Manager
& The team associated with the same task.
We ensure work completion before the deadlines and work quality. While offshore process
we put this task on high priority with sincere consideration.
Our Engagement Model:-
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
1.2 Company Profile
About the Company

GENX SOFT TECHNOLOGIES PVT. LTD. Is a Company based on INDIA, which is
incorporated under the companies Act 1956. GENX SOFT is a sister concerned company of
ROYALS GROUP which is dealing in IT Service industry Since 2005.
GENX SOFT TECHNOLOGIES PVT. LTD. Is a company developing IT products and
outsourcing it to the world wide clients as well National clients. It offers services to B2B as
well B2C with the ultimate and unmatched experience. GENX Group has initiated foot prints
in so many sectors like Manufacturing, IT services, Retailing, Education, Consultancy, Real
Estate etc.
The company has its prime motive to deliver the quality IT services & Products to the end
customer. Company has recently developed its own S&D (Software & Development)
Division. The major Business of the company is Software Development & Web Application
Development. GENX is planning to launch so many service portals toincrease the business of
itsexisting clients.
About Development Wing:GENX SOFT Company has developed its primary research & Development Division in
Jaipur, Rajasthan popularly known as PINK CITY. Operational Divisions of GENX SOFT:
Software & Development Division.
Training & Development Division.
Technical Support Division.
Company has its prime motive to serve the IT sector as a renowned IT catalyst.
Corporate Social Responsibilities:CSR is a very important duty and responsibility of any organization. We serve the society
with our concerned companies- Royals Group (R.C.W.E.). We have started Free Education &
training to the poor students of rural background in UP, MP, BIHAR.
Company has been associated in so many PSU projects so it becomes very important for us to
take care of our societal development. So many NGOs activities have been executed for the
same.
Company Expert Panel:Company believes to carry a quality circle for the expert knowledge & Skills. We have
member associated from different NITs, IITs and IIMs. Expert panel of 30 Professors have
been associated with our technical association.
Recently company has developed a latest well equipped research lab with latest technologies
to give the research support to its clients.
Companys Strategic Approach:The company always adopts NICHE strategy of business so we have also captured untouched
market of different segments. It is a universal truth that business should always grow, that is
why GENX has started so many business setups but the problem occurred always is MAN
POWER. For developing the societal awareness and spreading the technical knowledge
GENX has started GENX HR SOLUTIONS which is bridging the gap b/w the candidate and
company.
Company has got an expert panel of IT technocrats to develop and suggest the business
strategies.
1.3
Services
Software Development
At GENX, Software Development is a hard core issue to design and develop the services and
products.
Company offers all the services for Software Development & Solution to its worldwide
clients. Quality Circle of expert & experience developers we always give the best treatment
to our clients. For better improvement in our services company has developed so many
portals to facilitates its clients.
We always care for our commitments especially when it is about our professionalism.
Online 24*7 hours Service Support.
Project & Software Documentation for meeting deadlines & commitments.
Expert Council & live technical assistance.
Unique client ID & Remote Project Assistance.
Status Alert of project & Online development.
Complete Analysis & Research work for your business

We are a team of dedicated developers. Genx reshape your business plan to get the unique
identity. We work for your business promotion to achieve your business targets.
Converting Ideas in Innovations
Better Future with Status
Converting present challenges in Future Opportunities
We are catering the IT industry last from so many decades but the prime motto with the
updates what GENX has developed is to offer far better than the expected quality. We have
different categories of products in which we have monopoly of technology in national as well
international market. We have some special categories of software development
Web Applications/ Website
College Management Software
CRM Software
Medical Software/ HR Portals
Social Web Pages Development
Anti-Virus Development
Technical Assistance Services

We have categorized our client support services and turn key projects
Turn Key Project Management
On line technical support
Log In access for live support
Technical Transformation services
Web Application Development

GENX web development team has got a wide range of development tactics to design &
Development a complete web application. We cater both static & dynamic web pages at very
economic price with value added services.
Web Designing & Script Writing
Designing of the web application is the most important consideration and very sensitive for
both client as well service provider. We have a separate web designing experts using different
latest technologies.
Script (Content) writing is what called information to the client.
We write your thoughts & information which can put the best impact on client.
We give a proper analysis for reducing gap b/w you and your client.
Web Application Development

We develop the complete web application/ web solution to promote your product on-line. The
complete application gets develop in the consideration of our web experts.
We use all major technologies PHP/.NET/JAVA for the web development.
E-Commerce Website Development & Business solution
We have introduced an exciting phase of E-Commerce business management with our on line
portals and developments. We design & develop a complete Web portal to assist your online
administration of your E-Store. It will be bind with ample dynamic pages concepts to offer
the best interaction to the client as well the solution what your really wish to offer them.
Static web pages designing
E-commerce websites
Flash website designing
Dynamic website designing
CHAPTER 2
HTML
2.1 Introduction
Hypertext Markup Language, commonly referred to as HTML, is the
standard markuplanguage used to create pages. It is written in the form of HTML
elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets (like <html> ). HTML tags most
commonly come in pairs like <h1> and </h1> , although some represent empty elements and
so are unpaired, for example <img> . The first tag in such a pair is the start tag, and the
second is the end tag (they are also called opening tags and closing tags).
Web browsers can read HTML files and render them into visible or audible web pages.
Browsers do not display the HTML tags and scripts, but use them to interpret the content of
the page. HTML describes the structure of a website semantically along with cues for
presentation, making it a markup language, rather than a programming language.
HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML allows images and
objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a means to
create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings,
paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. It can embed scripts written in languages such
as JavaScript which affect the behavior of HTML web pages.
Web browsers can also refer to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to define the look and layout of
text and other material. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), maintainer of both the
HTML and the CSS standards, has encouraged the use of CSS over explicit presentational
HTML since 1997.
The first publicly available description of HTML was a document called "HTML Tags", first
mentioned on the Internet by Berners-Lee in late 1991. It describes 18 elements comprising
the initial, relatively simple design of HTML. Except for the hyperlink tag, these were
strongly influenced by SGMLguid, an in-house Standard Generalized Markup
Language (SGML)-based documentation format at CERN. Eleven of these elements still exist
in HTML 4.
HTML is a markup language that web browsers use to interpret and compose text, images
and other material into visual or audible web pages. Default characteristics for every item of
HTML markup are defined in the browser, and these characteristics can be altered or
enhanced by the web page designer's additional use of CSS. Many of the text elements are
found in the 1988 ISO technical report TR 9537 Techniques for using SGML, which in turn
covers the features of early text formatting languages such as that used by the RUNOFF
command developed in the early 1960s for the CTSS (Compatible Time-Sharing System)
operating system: these formatting commands were derived from the commands used by
typesetters to manually format documents. However, the SGML concept of generalized
markup is based on elements (nested annotated ranges with attributes) rather than merely
print effects, with also the separation of structure and markup; HTML has been progressively
moved in this direction with CSS.
After the HTML and HTML+ drafts expired in early 1994, the IETF created an HTML
Working Group, which in 1995 completed "HTML 2.0", the first HTML specification
intended to be treated as a standard against which future implementations should be based.[12]
Further development under the auspices of the IETF was stalled by competing interests. Since
1996, the HTML specifications have been maintained, with input from commercial software
vendors, by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).[13] However, in 2000, HTML also
became an international standard (ISO/IEC 15445:2000). HTML 4.01 was published in late
1999, with further errata published through 2001. In 2004 development began on HTML5 in
the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG), which became a
joint deliverable with the W3C in 2008, and completed and standardized on 28 October
2014. [14]
2.2 Markup
HTML markup consists of several key components, including those called tags (and
their attributes), character-based data types, character references and entity references.
Another important component of the HTMLdocument type declaration, which
triggers standards mode rendering.
The following is an example of the classic Hello world program, a common test employed for
comparing programming languages, scripting languages and markup languages. This example
is made using 9 lines of code:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>This is a title</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello world!</p>
</body>
</html>
(The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page, and the text between <body>
and </body> is the visible page content. The markup text "<title>This is a title</title>"
defines the browser page title.)
The Document Type Declaration <!DOCTYPE html> is for HTML5. If a declaration is not
included, various browsers will revert to "quirks mode" for rendering.
2.3 Elements
HTML documents imply a structure of nested HTML elements. These are indicated in the
document by HTML tags, enclosed in angle brackets thus: <p>
In the simple, general case, the extent of an element is indicated by a pair of tags: a "start
tag" <p> and "end tag" </p>. The text content of the element, if any, is placed between these
tags.
Tags may also enclose further tag markup between the start and end, including a mixture of
tags and text. This indicates further (nested) elements, as children of the parent element.
The start tag may also include attributes within the tag. These indicate other information,
such as identifiers for sections within the document, identifiers used to bind style information
to the presentation of the document, and for some tags such as the <img> used to embed
images, the reference to the image resource.
Some elements, such as the line break <br>, do not permit any embedded content, either text
or further tags. These require only a single empty tag (akin to a start tag) and do not use an
end tag.
Many tags, particularly the closing end tag for the very commonly-used paragraph
element <p>, are optional. An HTML browser or other agent can infer the closure for the end
of an element from the context and the structural rules defined by the HTML standard. These
rules are complex and not widely understood by most HTML coders.
The general form of an HTML element is therefore: <tag attribute1="value1"
attribute2="value2">content</tag>. Some HTML elements are defined as empty
elements and take the form <tag attribute1="value1" attribute2="value2">. Empty elements
may enclose no content, for instance, the <br> tag or the inline <img>tag. The name of an
HTML element is the name used in the tags. Note that the end tag's name is preceded by a
slash character, "/", and that in empty elements the end tag is neither required nor allowed. If
attributes are not mentioned, default values are used in each case.
Element examples
Header of the HTML document:<head>...</head>. The title is included in the head, for
example:
<head>
<title>The Title</title>
</head>
Headings: HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags:
<h1>Heading level 1</h1>

Paragraphs:
<p>Paragraph 1</p><p>Paragraph 2</p>
Line breaks: <br> . The difference between <br> and <p> is that "br" breaks a line without
altering the semantic structure of the page, whereas "p" sections the page into paragraphs.
Note also that "br" is an empty element in that, although it may have attributes, it can take no
content and it may not have an end tag.
<p>This<br> is a paragraph <br> with <br> line breaks</p>
This is a link in HTML. To create a link the <a> tag is used. The href= attribute holds the
URL address of the link.
<ahref="https://www.wikipedia.org/">A link to Wikipedia!</a>
Comments:

Comments can help in the understanding of the markup and do not display in the webpage.
There are several types of markup elements used in HTML:
CHAPTER 3
JAVASCRIPT
3.1Introduction
JavaScript is the most popular programming language in the world.
This page contains some examples of what JavaScript can do.
JavaScript Can Change HTML Content

One of many HTML methods is getElementById ().
This example uses the method to "find" an HTML element (with id="demo"), and changes
the element content (innerHTML) to "Hello JavaScript":
Example
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Hello JavaScript";
JavaScript Can Change HTML Styles (CSS)

Changing the style of an HTML element, is a variant of changing an HTML attribute:
Example
document.getElementById("demo").style.fontSize = "25px";
3.2 Syntax
Variables in JavaScript can be defined using the var keyword
varx;// defines the variable x, the special value undefined (not to be

confused with an undefined value) is assigned to it by default
vary=2;// defines the variable y and assigns the value of 2 to it
Note the comments in the example above, both of which were preceded with two forward
slashes.
There is no built-in I/O functionality in JavaScript; the run-time environment provides that.
The ECMAScript specification in edition 5.1 mentions.
... indeed, there are no provisions in this specification for input of external data or output of
computed results.
However, most runtime environments have a console object that can be used to print output.
Here is a minimalist Hello World program:
console.log("Hello World!");
A simple recursive function:
functionfactorial(n){
if(n==0){
return1;
}
returnn*factorial(n-1);
}
Anonymousfunction (or lambda) syntax and closure example:
vardisplayClosure=function(){
varcount=0;
returnfunction(){
return++count;
};
}
varinc=displayClosure();
inc();// returns 1
inc();// returns 2
inc();// returns 3
Variadic function demonstration (arguments is a special variable).
varsum=function(){
vari,x=0;
for(i=0;i<arguments.length;++i){
x+=arguments[i];
}
Return x;
}
sum(1,2,3);// returns 6
Use in web pages

The most common use of JavaScript is to add client-side behavior to HTML pages,
a.k.a. Dynamic HTML (DHTML). Scripts are embedded in or included from HTML pages
and interact with the Document Object Model (DOM) of the page. Some simple examples of
this usage are:
Loading new page content or submitting data to the server via AJAX without
reloading the page (for example, a social network might allow the user to post status
updates without leaving the page)
Animation of page elements, fading them in and out, resizing them, moving them, etc.
Interactive content, for example games, and playing audio and video
Validating input values of a Web form to make sure that they are acceptable before
being submitted to the server.
Transmitting information about the user's reading habits and browsing activities to
various websites. Web pages frequently do this for web analytics, ad
tracking,personalization or other purposes.
Because JavaScript code can run locally in a user's browser (rather than on a remote server),
the browser can respond to user actions quickly, making an application more responsive.
Furthermore, JavaScript code can detect user actions that HTML alone cannot, such as
individual keystrokes. Applications such as Gmail take advantage of this: much of the userinterface logic is written in JavaScript, and JavaScript dispatches requests for information
(such as the content of an e-mail message) to the server. The wider trend
of Ajax programming similarly exploits this strength.
A JavaScript engine (also known as JavaScript interpreter or JavaScript implementation) is
an interpreter that interprets JavaScript source code and executes the scriptaccordingly. The
first JavaScript engine was created by Brendan Eich at Netscape Communications
Corporation, for the Netscape Navigator web browser. The engine, codenamed SpiderMonkey, is implemented in C. It has since been updated (in JavaScript 1.5) to
conform to ECMA-262 Edition 3. The Rhino engine, created primarily by Norris Boyd
(formerly of Netscape; now at Google) is a JavaScript implementation in Java. Rhino, like
SpiderMonkey, is ECMA-262 Edition 3 compliant.
A web browser is by far the most common host environment for JavaScript. Web browsers
typically create "host objects" to represent the Document Object Model (DOM) in JavaScript.
The web server is another common host environment. A JavaScript web server would
typically expose host objects representing HTTP request and response objects, which a
JavaScript program could then interrogate and manipulate to dynamically generate web
pages.
Because JavaScript is the only language that the most popular browsers share support for, it
has become a target language for many frameworks in other languages, even though
JavaScript was never intended to be such a language.[59] Despite the performance limitations
inherent to its dynamic nature, the increasing speed of JavaScript engines has made the
language a surprisingly feasible compilation target.
3.3 Compatibility considerations

Because JavaScript runs in widely varying environments, an important part of testing and
debugging is to test and verify that the JavaScript works across multiple browsers.
The DOM interfaces for manipulating web pages are not part of the ECMAScript standard, or
of JavaScript itself. Officially, the DOM interfaces are defined by a separate standardization
effort by the W3C; in practice, browser implementations differ from the standards and from
each other, and not all browsers execute JavaScript.
To deal with these differences, JavaScript authors can attempt to write standards-compliant
code that will also be executed correctly by most browsers; failing that, they can write code
that checks for the presence of certain browser features and behaves differently if they are not
available. In some cases, two browsers may both implement a feature but with different
behavior, and authors may find it practical to detect what browser is running and change their
scripts behavior to match.Programmers may also use libraries or toolkits that take browser
differences into account.
use a PDA or mobile phone browser that cannot execute JavaScript,
have JavaScript execution disabled as a security precaution,
use a speech browser due to, for example, a visual disability.
To support these users, Web authors can try to create pages that degrade gracefully on user
agents (browsers) that do not support the pages JavaScript. In particular, the page should
remain usable albeit without the extra features that the JavaScript would have added. An
alternative approach that many find preferable is to first author content using basic
technologies that work in all browsers, then enhance the content for users that have
JavaScript enabled. This is known as progressive enhancement.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<metacharset=utf-8>
<title>Minimal Example</title>
<h1id=header>This is JavaScript</h1>
<script>
document.body.appendChild(document.createTextNode(Hello World!));
varh1=document.getElementById(header);// holds a reference to the <h1>
tag
h1=document.getElementsByTagName(h1)[0];// accessing the same <h1>

element
</script>
<noscript>Your browser either does not support JavaScript, or has it turned
off.</noscript>
CHAPTER 4
CSS
4.1 Introduction
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the look and
formatting of a document written in amarkup language. Although most often used to change
the style of web pages and user interfaces written in HTML and XHTML, the language can
be applied to any kind of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL. Along with
HTML and JavaScript, CSS is a cornerstone technology used by most websites to create
visually engaging webpages, user interfaces for web applications, and user interfaces for
many mobile applications.[1]
CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from document
presentation, including elements such as thelayout, colors, and fonts.[2] This separation can
improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of
presentation characteristics, enable multiple HTML pages to share formatting by specifying
the relevant CSS in a separate .css file, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural
content, such as semantically insignificant tables that were widely used to format pages
before consistent CSS rendering was available in all major browsers. CSS makes it possible
to separate presentation instructions from the HTML content in a separate file or style section
of the HTML file. For each matchingHTML element, it provides a list of formatting
instructions. For example, a CSS rule might specify that "all heading 1 elements should
be bold", leaving pure semantic HTML markup that asserts "this text is a level 1 heading"
without formatting code such as a <bold> tag indicating how such text should be displayed.
4.2 Syntax
CSS has a simple syntax and uses a number of English keywords to specify the names of
various style properties.
A style sheet consists of a list of rules. Each rule or rule-set consists of one or more selectors,
and a declaration block.
Selector
In CSS, selectors are used to declare which part of the markup a style applies to by matching
tags and attributes in the markup itself. Selectors may apply to:
all elements of a specific type, e.g. the second-level headers h2
elements specified by attribute, in particular:
id: an identifier unique to the document
class: an identifier that groups multiple elements in a document

elements depending on how they are placed relative to others in the document tree.
Classes and IDs are case-sensitive, start with letters, and can include alphanumeric characters
and underscores. Any number of instances of any number of elements may have the same
class. Conventionally, IDs only apply to one instance of one element.
Pseudo-classes are used in CSS selectors to permit formatting based on information that is
not contained in the document tree. One example of a widely used pseudo-class is :hover ,
which identifies content only when the user 'points to' the visible element, usually by holding
the mouse cursor over it. It is appended to a selector as in a:hover or #elementid:hover . A
pseudo-class classifies document elements, such as :link or :visited , whereas a pseudoelement makes a selection that may consist of partial elements, such as :first-line or :firstletter .[4]
Selectors may be combined in many ways to achieve great specificity and flexibility.
[5]
Multiple selectors may be joined in a spaced list to specify elements by location, element
type, id, class, or any combination thereof. The order of the selectors is important. For
example, div .myClass {color:red;} applies to all elements of class myClass that are inside
div elements, whereas .myClass div{color:red;} applies to all div elements that are in
elements of class myClass.
4.3 Use
Before CSS, nearly all of the presentational attributes of HTML documents were contained
within the HTML markup; all font colors, background styles, element alignments, borders
and sizes had to be explicitly described, often repeatedly, within the HTML. CSS allows
authors to move much of that information to another file, the style sheet, resulting in
considerably simpler HTML.
For example, headings ( h1 elements), sub-headings ( h2 ), sub-sub-headings ( h3 ), etc., are
defined structurally using HTML. In print and on the screen, choice
of font, size,color and emphasis for these elements is presentational.
Before CSS, document authors who wanted to assign such typographic characteristics to, say,
all h2 headings had to repeat HTML presentational markup for each occurrence of that
heading type. This made documents more complex, larger, and more error-prone and difficult
to maintain. CSS allows the separation of presentation from structure. CSS can define color,
font, text alignment, size, borders, spacing, layout and many other typographic
characteristics, and can do so independently for on-screen and printed views. CSS also
defines non-visual styles such as the speed and emphasis with which text is read out by aural
text readers. The W3C has now deprecated the use of all presentational HTML markup.[10]
For example, under pre-CSS HTML, a heading element defined with red text would be
written as:
<h1><fontcolor="red"> Chapter 1. </font></h1>
Using CSS, the same element can be coded using style properties instead of HTML
presentational attributes:
<h1style="color:red"> Chapter 1. </h1>
An "external" CSS file, as described below, can be associated with an HTML document using
the following syntax:
<linkhref="path/to/file.css"rel="stylesheet">
An internal CSS code can be typed in the head section of the code. The coding is started with
the style tag. For example,
<style>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<metacharset="utf-8">
<style>
#xyz{ color:red }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<pid="xyz"style="color: blue">To demonstrate specificity </p>
</body>
</html>
Given the following style sheet:

h1 {
color:pink;
}
CHAPTER 5
JQUERYAnd BOOTSTRAP
5.1 Introduction
JQuery is a cross-platform JavaScript library designed to simplify the client-side

scripting of HTML. JQuery is the most popularJavaScript library in use today, with
installation on 65% of the top 10 million highest-trafficked sites on the Web.JQuery is free,
open-source software licensed under the MIT License.
jQuery's syntax is designed to make it easier to navigate a document, select DOM elements,
create animations, handle events, and develop Ajax applications. JQuery also provides
capabilities for developers to create plug-ins on top of the JavaScript library. This enables
developers to create abstractions for low-level interaction and animation, advanced effects
and high-level, theme-able widgets. The modular approach to the jQuery library allows the
creation of powerful dynamic web pages and web applications.
The set of jQuery core featuresDOM element selections, traversal and manipulation
enabled by its selector engine (named "Sizzle" from v1.3), created a new "programming
style", fusing algorithms and DOM data structures. This style influenced the architecture of
other JavaScript frameworks like YUI v3 and Dojo, later stimulating the creation of the
standard Selectors API.
Microsoft and Nokia bundle jQuery on their platforms. Microsoft includes it with Visual
Studio[8] for use within Microsoft's ASP.NET AJAX framework and ASP.NET MVC
Framework while Nokia has integrated it into the Web Run-Time widget development
platform.[9] JQuery has also been used in MediaWiki since version 1.16.
5.2Features
jQuery includes the following features:
DOM element selections using the multi-browser open source selector engine Sizzle, a
spin-off of the jQuery project.
DOM manipulation based on CSS selectors that uses elements' names and attributes,
such as id and class, as criteria to select nodes in the DOM
Events
Effects and animations
AJAX
Deferred and Promise objects to control asynchronous processing
JSON parsing
Extensibility through plug-ins
Utilities, such as feature detection
Compatibility methods that are natively available in modern browsers but need fall
backs for older ones, such as inArray() and each()
Multi-browser (not to be confused with cross-browser) support
5.3Browser support
Both versions 1.x and 2.x of jQuery support "current-1 versions" (meaning the current stable
version of the browser and the version that preceded it) of Firefox, Chrome, Safari,
and Opera. Version 1.x also supports Internet Explorer 6 or higher. However, jQuery version
2.x dropped Internet Explorer 68 support (which represents less than 28% of all browsers in
use) and supports only IE 9 and later versions.
5.4Usage
Including the library
The jQuery library is a single JavaScript file containing all of its common DOM, event,
effects, and Ajax functions. It can be included within a web page by linking to a local copy or
to one of the many copies available from public servers. JQuery has a CDN hosted
by MaxCDN(moved from MediaTempleand, before that, Amazon). Google and
Microsoft host it as well.
<script src="jquery.js"></script>
It is also possible to include jQuery directly from content delivery networks. (The link
starting with // is protocol relative URL.)
<scriptsrc="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.11.1.min.js"></script>
Usage styles
jQuery has two usage styles:
Via the $ function, which is a factory method for the jQuery object. These functions,
often called commands, are chainable as they all return jQuery objects.
Via $. -prefixed functions. These are utility functions, which do not act upon the
jQuery object directly.
Access to and manipulation of multiple DOM nodes in jQuery typically begins with calling
the $ function with a CSS selector string. This returns a jQuery object referencing all the
matching elements in the HTML page. $("div.test") , for example, returns a jQuery object
with all the div elements of class test . This node set can be manipulated by calling methods
on the returned jQuery object or on the nodes themselves.
No-Conflict Mode
JQuery also includes .noConflict () mode, which relinquishes control of $ . This can be
helpful if jQuery is used with other libraries that also use $ as an identifier. In no-conflict
mode, developers can use jQuery as a replacement for $ without losing functionality.
Typical start-point
The typical jQuery usage is to put initialization code and event handling functions
in .ready() . This is triggered when the browser has constructed the DOM and sends a load
event.
<scripttype="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
// jQuery code, event handling callbacks here
});
</script>
Callback functions for event handling are also included

inside .ready() as anonymousfunctions but called when the event for the callback is
triggered. For example, the following jQuery code adds an event handler for a mouse click on
an img image element.
$(document).ready(function(){
$('img').click(function(){
// handle the click event on any img element in the page
});
});
The following syntaxes are equivalent:
$(document).ready(handler)
$(handler)
5.5 Bootstrap Introduction

Bootstrap is a free and open-source collection of tools for creating websites and web
applications. It contains HTML- and CSS-based design templates for typography, forms,
buttons, navigation and other interface components, as well as optional JavaScript extensions.
It aims to ease the development of dynamic websites and web applications.
Bootstrap is a front end framework, that is, an interface for the user, unlike the server-side
code which resides on the "back end" orserver.
As of June 2015, it was the most-starred project on GitHub, with over 81,000 stars and more
than 32,000 forks.
5.6 Structure and function
Example of a webpage using Bootstrap framework rendered in Mozilla Firefox
Bootstrap is modular and consists essentially of a series of LESS stylesheets that implement
the various components of the toolkit. A stylesheet called bootstrap.less includes the
components stylesheets. Developers can adapt the Bootstrap file itself, selecting the
components they wish to use in their project.
Adjustments are possible to a limited extent through a central configuration stylesheet. More
profound changes are possible by the LESS declarations.
The use of LESS stylesheet language allows the use of variables, functions and operators,
nested selectors, as well as so-called mixins.
Since version 2.0, the configuration of Bootstrap also has a special "Customize" option in the
documentation. Moreover, the developer chooses on a form the desired components and
adjusts, if necessary, the values of various options to their needs. The subsequently generated
package already includes the pre-built CSS style sheet.
Grid system and responsive design comes standard with a 1170 pixel wide, grid layout.
Alternatively, the developer can use a variable-width layout. For both cases, the toolkit has
four variations to make use of different resolutions and types of devices: mobile phones,
portrait and landscape, tablets and PCs with low and high resolution. Each variation adjusts
the width of the columns.
The CSS
Bootstrap provides a set of stylesheets that provide basic style definitions for all key HTML
components. These provide a uniform, modern appearance for formatting text, tables and
form elements.
Re-usable components
In addition to the regular HTML elements, Bootstrap contains other commonly used interface
elements. These include buttons with advanced features (e.g. grouping of buttons or buttons
with drop-down option, make and navigation lists, horizontal and vertical tabs, navigation,
breadcrumb navigation, pagination, etc.), labels, advanced typographic capabilities,
thumbnails, warning messages and a progress bar. The components are implemented as CSS
classes, which must be applied to certain HTML elements in a page.
JavaScript components
Bootstrap comes with several JavaScript components in the form of jQuery plugins. They
provide additional user interface elements such as dialog boxes, tooltips, and carousels. They
also extend the functionality of some existing interface elements, including for example an
auto-complete function for input fields. In version 2.0, the following JavaScript plugins are
supported: Modal, Dropdown, Scroll spy, Tab, Tooltip, Popover, Alert, Button, Collapse,
Carousel and Type ahead.
CHAPTER 6
PHP AndMySql
6.1 Introduction
MySQL (My S-Q-L",officially, also "My Sequel") is a relational database management
system(RDBMS).[7] In July 2013 it was the world's second most widely used RDBMS, and
the most widely used open-source RDBMS. It is named after co-founder Michael Widenius's
daughter, My. The SQL acronym stands for Structured Query Language. The MySQL
development project has made its source code available under the terms of the GNU General
Public License, as well as under a variety of proprietary agreements. MySQL was owned and
sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company MySQL AB, now owned
by Oracle Corporation.[12] For proprietary use, several paid editions are available, and offer
additional functionality.
MySQL is a popular choice of database for use in web applications, and is a central
component of the widely used LAMP open source web application software stack (and
other 'AMP' stacks). LAMP is an acronym for "Linux, Apache, MySQL,
Perl/PHP/Python." Free-software-open source projects that require a full-featured database
management system often use MySQL. Applications that use the MySQL database
include: TYPO3, MODx, Joomla, WordPress, phpBB, MyBB, Drupal and other software.
MySQL is also used in many high-profile, large-scale websites, including Google (though not
for searches), Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, and YouTube.
On all platforms except Windows, MySQL ships with no GUI tools to administer MySQL
databases or manage data contained within the databases. Users may use the
included command line tools, or install MySQL Workbench via a separate download. Many
third party GUI tools are also available.
6.2 History
MySQL was created by a Swedish company, MySQL AB, founded by David Axmark, Allan
Larsson and Michael "Monty" Widenius. The first version of MySQL appeared on 23 May
1995. It was initially created for personal usage from MySQL based on the low-level
language ISAM, which the creators considered too slow and inflexible. They created a
new SQL interface, while keeping the same API as MySQL. By keeping the API consistent
with the MySQL system, many developers were able to use MySQL instead of the
(proprietarily licensed) MySQL antecedent
Milestones
Notable milestones in MySQL development include:
Original development of MySQL by Michael Widenius and David Axmark beginning

in 1994
First internal release on 23 May 1995
Version 3.19: End of 1996, from www.tcx.se
Version 3.20: January 1997
Windows version was released on 8 January 1998 for Windows 95 and NT
Version 3.21: production release 1998, from www.mysql.com
Version 3.22: alpha, beta from 1998
Version 3.23: beta from June 2000, production release 22 January 2001
Version 4.0: beta from August 2002, production release March 2003 (unions)
Version 4.01: beta from August 2003, Jyotiadopts MySQL for database tracking
Version 4.1: beta from June 2004, production release October 2004 (R-trees and Btrees, subqueries, prepared statements)
Version 5.0: beta from March 2005, production release October 2005 (cursors, stored
procedures, triggers, views, XA transactions)
The developer of the Federated Storage Engine states that "The Federated Storage
Engine is a proof-of-concept storage engine",[34] but the main distributions of MySQL
version 5.0 included it and turned it on by default. Documentation of some of the
short-comings appears in "MySQL Federated Tables: The Missing Manual".
Sun Microsystems acquired MySQL AB in 2008.
Version 5.1: production release 27 November 2008 (event scheduler, partitioning,
plugin API, row-based replication, server log tables)
Version 5.1 contained 20 known crashing and wrong result bugs in addition to the 35
present in version 5.0 (almost all fixed as of release 5.1.51).
MySQL 5.1 and 6.0-alpha showed poor performance when used for data
warehousing partly due to its inability to utilize multiple CPU cores for processing a
single query.
Oracle acquired Sun Microsystems on 27 January 2010.
The day Oracle announced the purchase of Sun, Michael "Monty" Widenius
forked MySQL, launching MariaDB, and took a swath of MySQL developers
with him.
MySQL Server 5.5 was generally available (as of December 2010).

Enhancements and features include:
The default storage engine is InnoDB, which supports transactions and

referential integrity constraints.
Improved InnoDB I/O subsystem
Improved SMP support
Semisynchronous replication.
SIGNAL and RESIGNAL statement in compliance with the SQL

standard.
Support for supplementary Unicode character sets utf16, utf32, and

utf8mb4.
New options for user-defined partitioning.
MySQL Server 6.0.11-alpha was announced on 22 May 2009 as the last

release of the 6.0 line. Future MySQL Server development uses a New
Release Model. Features developed for 6.0 are being incorporated into future
releases.
MySQL 5.6 general availability was announced in February 2013. New

features included performance improvements to the query optimizer, higher
transactional throughput in InnoDB, new NoSQL-style memcached APIs,
improvements to partitioning for querying and managing very large
tables, TIMESTAMP column type that correctly stores milliseconds,
improvements to replication, and better performance monitoring by
expanding the data available through the PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA. The
InnoDB storage engine also included support for full text search and
improved group commit performance.
MySQL 5.7 Development Milestone 3 was released December 2013
6.3 MySql Functions
mysql_affected_rows Get number of affected rows in previous MySQL operation
mysql_client_encoding Returns the name of the character set
mysql_close Close MySQL connection
mysql_connect Open a connection to a MySQL Server
mysql_create_db Create a MySQL database
mysql_data_seek Move internal result pointer
mysql_db_name Retrieves database name from the call to mysql_list_dbs
mysql_db_query Selects a database and executes a query on it
mysql_drop_db Drop (delete) a MySQL database
mysql_errno Returns the numerical value of the error message from previous
MySQL operation
mysql_error Returns the text of the error message from previous MySQL operation
mysql_escape_string Escapes a string for use in a mysql_query
mysql_fetch_array Fetch a result row as an associative array, a numeric array, or

both
mysql_fetch_assoc Fetch a result row as an associative array
mysql_fetch_field Get column information from a result and return as an object
mysql_fetch_lengths Get the length of each output in a result
mysql_fetch_object Fetch a result row as an object
mysql_fetch_row Get a result row as an enumerated array
mysql_field_flags Get the flags associated with the specified field in a result
mysql_field_len Returns the length of the specified field
mysql_field_name Get the name of the specified field in a result
mysql_field_seek Set result pointer to a specified field offset
mysql_field_table Get name of the table the specified field is in
mysql_field_type Get the type of the specified field in a result
mysql_free_result Free result memory
mysql_get_client_info Get MySQL client info
mysql_get_host_info Get MySQL host info
mysql_get_proto_info Get MySQL protocol info
mysql_get_server_info Get MySQL server info
mysql_info Get information about the most recent query
mysql_insert_id Get the ID generated in the last query
mysql_list_dbs List databases available on a MySQL server
mysql_list_fields List MySQL table fields
mysql_list_processes List MySQL processes
mysql_list_tables List tables in a MySQL database
mysql_num_fields Get number of fields in result
mysql_num_rows Get number of rows in result
mysql_pconnect Open a persistent connection to a MySQL server
mysql_ping Ping a server connection or reconnect if there is no connection
mysql_query Send a MySQL query
mysql_real_escape_string Escapes special characters in a string for use in an SQL

statement
mysql_result Get result data
mysql_select_db Select a MySQL database
mysql_set_charset Sets the client character set
mysql_stat Get current system status
mysql_tablename Get table name of field
mysql_thread_id Return the current thread ID
mysql_unbuffered_query Send an SQL query to MySQL without fetching and

buffering the result rows.
6.4 MySql Commands
To login (from unix shell) use -h only if needed.

# [mysqldir]/bin/mysql -h hostname -u root -p
Create a database on the sql server.
mysql> create database [databasename];
List all databases on the sql server.
mysql> show databases;
Switch to a database.
mysql> use [db name];
To see all the tables in the db.

mysql> show tables;
To see database's field formats.
mysql> describe [table name];
To delete a db.
mysql> drop database [database name];
To delete a table.
mysql> drop table [table name];
Show all data in a table.
mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name];
Returns the columns and column information pertaining to the designated table.
mysql> show columns from [table name];
Show certain selected rows with the value "whatever".
mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE [field name] = "whatever";
Show all records containing the name "Bob" AND the phone number '3444444'.
mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name = "Bob" AND phone_number =
'3444444';
Show all records not containing the name "Bob" AND the phone number '3444444' order by
the phone_number field.
mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name != "Bob" AND phone_number =
'3444444' order by phone_number;
Show all records starting with the letters 'bob' AND the phone number '3444444'.
mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name like "Bob%" AND phone_number
= '3444444';
Show all records starting with the letters 'bob' AND the phone number '3444444' limit to
records 1 through 5.
mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name like "Bob%" AND phone_number
= '3444444' limit 1,5;
Use a regular expression to find records. Use "REGEXP BINARY" to force case-sensitivity.
This finds any record beginning with a.
mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE rec RLIKE "^a";
Show unique records.
mysql> SELECT DISTINCT [column name] FROM [table name];
Show selected records sorted in an ascending (asc) or descending (desc).
mysql> SELECT [col1],[col2] FROM [table name] ORDER BY [col2] DESC;
Return number of rows.
mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM [table name];
Sum column.
mysql> SELECT SUM(*) FROM [table name];
Join tables on common columns.
mysql> select lookup.illustrationid, lookup.personid,person.birthday from lookup left join
person on lookup.personid=person.personid=statement to join birthday in person table
with primary illustration id;
Creating a new user. Login as root. Switch to the MySQL db. Make the user. Update privs.
# mysql -u root -p
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> INSERT INTO user (Host,User,Password)
VALUES('%','username',PASSWORD('password'));
mysql> flush privileges;
Change a users password from unix shell.
# [mysqldir]/bin/mysqladmin -u username -h hostname.blah.org -p password 'newpassword'
Change a users password from MySQL prompt. Login as root. Set the password. Update
privs.
# mysql -u root -p
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'user'@'hostname' = PASSWORD('passwordhere');
Recover a MySQL root password. Stop the MySQL server process. Start again with no grant
tables. Login to MySQL as root. Set new password. Exit MySQL and restart MySQL server.
# /etc/init.d/mysql stop
# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
# mysql -u root
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD("newrootpassword") where User='root';
mysql> quit
# /etc/init.d/mysql stop
# /etc/init.d/mysql start
Set a root password if there is on root password.
# mysqladmin -u root password newpassword
Update a root password.
# mysqladmin -u root -p oldpasswordnewpassword
6.5 PHP Introduction

PHP is a server-side scripting language created in 1995 and designed for web
development but also used as a general-purpose programming language. As of January 2013,
PHP was installed on more than 240 million websites (39% of those sampled) and 2.1
million web servers. Originally created by RasmusLerdorf in 1994,the reference
implementation of PHP (powered by the Zend Engine) is now produced by The PHP
Group. While PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page, it now stands for PHP:
Hypertext Preprocessor, which is a recursive backronym.
PHP code can be simply mixed with HTML code, or it can be used in combination with
various templating engines and web frameworks. PHP code is usually processed by a
PHP interpreter, which is usually implemented as a web server's native module or aCommon
Gateway Interface (CGI) executable. After the PHP code is interpreted and executed, the web
server sends the resulting output to its client, usually in the form of a part of the generated
web page; for example, PHP code can generate a web page's HTML code, an image, or some
other data. PHP has also evolved to include a command-line interface (CLI) capability and
can be used in standalone graphical applications.
The standard PHP interpreter, powered by the Zend Engine, is free software released under
the PHP License. PHP has been widely ported and can be deployed on most web servers on
almost every operating system and platform, free of charge.
Despite its popularity, no written specification or standard existed for the PHP language until
2014, leaving the canonical PHP interpreter as a de facto standard. Since 2014, there is
ongoing work on creating a formal PHP specification.
PHP development began in 1994 when RasmusLerdorf wrote a series ofCommon Gateway
Interface (CGI) binaries in C, which he used to maintain his personal homepage. He extended
them to add the ability to work with web forms and to communicate with databases, and
called this implementation "Personal Home Page/Forms Interpreter" or PHP/FI.
PHP/FI could be used to build simple, dynamic web applications. Lerdorf initially announced
the release of PHP/FI as "Personal Home Page Tools (PHP Tools) version 1.0" publicly to
accelerate bug location and improve the code, on theUsenet discussion
group comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi on June 8, 1995. This release already had the
basic functionality that PHP has as of 2013. This included Perl-like variables, form handling,
and the ability to embed HTML. The syntax resembled that of Perl but was simpler, more
limited and less consistent
6.6 Syntax
Main article: PHP syntax and semantics
The following "Hello, World!" program is written in PHP code embedded in
an HTML document:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>PHP Test</title>
</head>
<body>
<?phpecho'<p>Hello World</p>';?>
</body>
</html>
However, as PHP does not need to be embedded in HTML or used with a web server, the
simplest version of a "Hello, World!" program can be written like this, with the closing tag
omitted as preferred in files containing pure PHP code(prior to PHP 5.4.0, this short syntax
for echo() only works with the short_open_tag configuration setting enabled, while for PHP
5.4.0 and later it is always available):
<?='Hello world'?>
The PHP interpreter only executes PHP code within its delimiters. Anything outside its
delimiters is not processed by PHP (although non-PHP text is still subject to control
structures described in PHP code). The most common delimiters are <?php to open and ?
> to close PHP sections. There are also the shortened forms <? or <?= (which is used to
echo back a string or variable) and ?> . Short delimiters make script files less portable, since
support for them can be disabled in the local PHP configuration, and they are therefore
discouraged. The purpose of all these delimiters is to separate PHP code from non-PHP code,
including HTML.
The first form of delimiters, <?php and ?> , in XHTML and other XML documents, creates
correctly formed XML "processing instructions". This means that the resulting mixture of
PHP code and other markup in the server-side file is itself well-formed XML.
Variables are prefixed with a dollar symbol, and a type does not need to be specified in
advance. PHP 5 introduced type hinting that allows functions to force their parameters to be
objects of a specific class, arrays, interfaces or callback functions. However, before PHP 7.0,
type hints could not be used with scalar types such as integer or string.
Unlike function and class names, variable names are case sensitive. Both double-quoted ( "" )
and heredoc strings provide the ability to interpolate a variable's value into the string. PHP
treats newlines as whitespace in the manner of a free-form language, and statements are
terminated by a semicolon. PHP has three types of comment syntax: /* */ marks block and
inline comments; // as well as # are used for one-line comments. The echo statement is one
of several facilities PHP provides to output text,e.g., to a web browser.
In terms of keywords and language syntax, PHP is similar to most high level languages that
follow the C style syntax. if conditions, for and while loops, and function returns are similar
in syntax to languages such as C, C++, C#, Java and Perl.
6.7 PHP Functions

PHP has hundreds of functions provided by the core language functionality and thousands
more available via various extensions; these functions are well documented in the online PHP
documentation. However, the built-in library has a wide variety of naming conventions and
associated inconsistencies, as described under history above.
Additional functions can be defined by the developer:
functionmyAge($birthYear){// defines a function, this one is named "myAge"

$yearsOld=date('Y')-$birthYear;// calculates the age
return$yearsOld.' year'.($yearsOld!=1?'s':'');// returns the age in a
descriptive form
}
echo'I am currently '.myAge(1981).' old.';// outputs the text concatenated
// with the return value of myAge()
// As the result of this syntax, myAge() is called.
// In 2015, the output of this sample program will be 'I am currently 34
years old.'
In PHP, normal functions are not first-class and can only be referenced by their name directly,
or dynamically by a variable containing the name of the function (referred to as "variable
functions"). User-defined functions can be created at any time without
being prototyped. Functions can be defined inside code blocks, permitting a run-time
decision as to whether or not a function should be defined. Function calls must use
parentheses, with the exception of zero-argument class constructor functions called with the
PHP new operator, where parentheses are optional.
Until PHP 5.3, support for true anonymous functions or closures did not exist in PHP.
While create_function() exists since PHP 4.0.1, it is merely a thin wrapper around eval() that
allows normal PHP functions to be created during program execution. Also, support for
variable functions allows normal PHP functions to be used, for example, as callbacks or
within function tables. PHP 5.3 added support for closures, which are true anonymous, firstclass functions, whose syntax can be seen in the following example:
functiongetAdder($x){
returnfunction($y)use($x){
return$x+$y;
};
}
$adder=getAdder(8);
echo$adder(2);// prints "10"
In the example above, getAdder() function creates a closure using passed argument $x (the
keyword use imports a variable from the lexical context), which takes an additional
argument $y , and returns the created closure to the caller. Such a function is a first-class
object, meaning that it can be stored in a variable, passed as a parameter to other functions,
etc.
Unusually for a dynamic language, PHP supports type declarations on function parameters,
which are enforced at runtime. This has been supported for classes and interfaces since
PHP 5.0, for arrays since PHP 5.1, for "callables" since PHP 5.4, and will be supported for
scalar (integer, float, string and boolean) types in PHP 7.0. PHP 7.0 will also introduce type
declarations for function return types, expressed by placing the type name after the list of
parameters, preceded by a colon. For example, the getAdder function from the earlier
example could be annotated with types like so in PHP 7:
functiongetAdder(int$x):\Closure{
returnfunction(int$y)use($x):int{
return$x+$y;
};
}
$adder=getAdder(8);
echo$adder(2);// prints "10"
echo$adder(null);// throws an exception because an incorrect type was
passed
$adder=getAdder([]);// would also throw an exception
By default, scalar type declarations follow weak typing principles. So, for example, if a
parameter's type is int , PHP would allow not only integers, but also convertible numeric
strings, floats or booleans to be passed to that function, and would convert them.However,
PHP 7 will add a "strict typing" mode which, when used, disallows such conversions for
function calls and returns within a file.
6.8 Use
A broad overview of the LAMP software bundle, displayed here together with Squid.
PHP is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to server-side web
development, in which case PHP generally runs on a web server. Any PHP code in a
requested file is executed by the PHP runtime, usually to create dynamic web page content or
dynamic images used on websites or elsewhere.It can also be used for commandline scripting and client-side graphical user interface (GUI) applications. PHP can be
deployed on most web servers, many operating systems and platforms, and can be used with
many relational database management systems (RDBMS). Most web hosting providers
support PHP for use by their clients. It is available free of charge, and the PHP Group
provides the complete source code for users to build, customize and extend for their own use.
PHP acts primarily as a filter, taking input from a file or stream containing text and/or PHP
instructions and outputting another stream of data. Most commonly the output will be HTML,
although it could be JSON, XMLor binary data such as image or audio formats. Since PHP 4,
the PHP parser compiles input to producebytecode for processing by the Zend Engine, giving
improved performance over its interpreterpredecessor.
Originally designed to create dynamic web pages, PHP now focuses mainly on server-side
scripting,[142] and it is similar to other server-side scripting languages that provide dynamic
content from a web server to a client, such as Microsoft's ASP.NET, Sun
Microsystems' JavaServer Pages,[143] and mod_perl. PHP has also attracted the development
of many software frameworks that provide building blocks and a design structure to
promote rapid application development (RAD). Some of these
include PRADO, CakePHP,Symfony, CodeIgniter, Laravel, Yii
Framework, Phalcon and Zend Framework, offering features similar to other web application
frameworks.
The LAMP architecture has become popular in the web industry as a way of deploying web
applications.[144] PHP is commonly used as the P in this bundle
alongside Linux,Apache and MySQL, although the P may also refer to Python, Perl, or some
mix of the three. Similar packages, WAMP and MAMP, are also available
for Windows and OS X, with the first letter standing for the respective operating system.
Although both PHP and Apache are provided as part of the Mac OS X base install, users of
these packages seek a simpler installation mechanism that can be more easily kept up to date.
As of April 2007, over 20 million Internet domains had web services hosted on servers with
PHP installed and mod_php was recorded as the most popular Apache HTTP
Servermodule. As of October 2010, PHP was used as the server-side programming language
on 75% of all websites whose server-side programming language was known(as of February
2014, the percentage had reached 82%and PHP was the most-used open source software
within enterprises. Web content management systems written in PHP
include MediaWiki,Joomla,eZ Publish, SilverStripe, WordPress, Drupal, Moodle the userfacing portion of Facebook, Known and Digg.
For specific and more advanced usage scenarios, PHP offers a well defined and documented
way for writing custom extensions in C or C++. Besides extending the language itself in form
of additional libraries, extensions are providing a way for improving execution speed where it
is critical and there is room for improvements by using a true compiled language.[164][165] PHP
also offers well defined ways for embedding itself into other software projects. That way PHP
can be easily used as an internalscripting language for another project, also providing tight
interfacing with the project's specific internal data structures.
PHP received mixed reviews due to lacking support for multithreading at the core language
level, though using threads is made possible by the "pthreads" PECLextension
CHAPTER 7
PANELS
7.1 Introduction
A panel is "a particular arrangement of information grouped together for presentation to
users in a window or pop-up." In ISPF, a panel is "a predefined display image that you see on
a display screen."
A panel graphical control element is commonly packaged as part of a widget toolkit (libraries
that contain a collection of graphical control elements) for a graphical user interface.
See toolbar and dialog box.
In computer program development, a panel is a representation of what information will be

sent to a user's display screen in given circumstances. Typically, when designing a program,
the user interface is specified by portraying what information (text and pictures) will be
presented to the user at different stages of using the program. For example, each menu, help
page, or other form of content constitutes a panel of information that is to be implemented by

developers and tested by early users. Since most applications are developed against the
context of an operating system graphical user interface (GUI ), these elements can sometimes
be assumed in describing specific panels. Generally, in a windowed user interface, a panel is
designed for each window of information.
CHAPTER 8
Project Description
8.1 Introduction
We have developed a project on Online Dispensary Management System on a PHP
platform. This project is about an online medical site which is open for all. The interface is
very user-friendly. The data are well protected for personal use and makes the data processing
very fast.The project is based on the database, object oriented and networking techniques. As
there are many areas where we keep the records in database for which we are using MY SQL
software which is one of the best and the easiest software to keep our information. This
project uses PHP as the front-end software and has connectivity with MY SQL.Our Project
includes registrations of members, storing their detail. Registered members then check the
details of the doctors which are on duty, their schedule, medicines available on medical store.
There is a contact page available which includes the detail of all the departments. Admin can
update the details like contact no or E-mail_idaccordingly.Clients can also request for the
change of password which will be updated in the database. Only admin can make any
changes to the portal other than personal details of the clients. The details of all the clients are
stored in the database. Other than this there is also an enquiry form and subscribe form
provided for clients. We have worked on the languages such as HTML (Hypertext Markup
Language), CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), Javascript, Jquery. For Database we have worked
on MySql platform. We have used the software like Dreamweaver CC, Wamp.
8.2 Details About The Project

Information Page
Information Page consist of further two links
1. On Duty Doctor
Client can access this page for checking on duty doctor for treatment
procedure. Details of all the doctor will be available here.
2. Medical Store
Client will access this page if he wants to get information about any medicines or if he
wants to get any medicine prescribed by doctor.
Contact Page
For any further query clients can access this page. Contact Page consist of contact of all the
departments of dispensary.
Login Page
Client can Access login page for login into the portal of Dispensary management. If he is not
already the registered user then client can sign up for that and can access further.
Admin Side
Admin will access this page for maintaining the records of all the registered users in the
database. Admin will also provide the facility of changing the password to client if in case he
forgot the password or wishes to change the password.
Footer
Our Footer consist of 3 parts. In first part there is a gallery in which there is the collection of
images. Second part consist of contact address of dispensary with the name of contact person.
Third part consist of Subscribe form and contact icons.
MySQL
MySQL is a collection of different databases. Example my_data1 consist of tables like

admin_login, user_login, user_profile.
Admin_login table consist of user_id and Password of admin.
User_profile consist of all the details of clients.
Admin Panel
It is the gateway to managing your websites from the simple email setup to advanced server
management. We can configure anything to everything about your websites on your admin
panel.
View Profile
In this all the details of the patients will be displayed from the database.
Change Password
Admin can change its password which will be reflected to the database.
Client Panel/User Panel

Client Web Panels are part of Stash's Client Web Fragment family of modules. They parallel
the functionality of Web Panels, but are rendered dynamically in the browser.
8.3 Software used

We have worked on the software Dreamweaver and Wamp.
AdobeDreamweaver is a proprietary web development tool developed by Adobe Systems.
Dreamweaver was created byMacromedia in 1997, and was maintained by them until
Macromedia was acquired by Adobe Systems in 2005.
Adobe Dreamweaver is available for OS X and for Windows.
Following Adobe's acquisition of the Macromedia product suite, releases of Dreamweaver
subsequent to version 8.0 have been more compliant with W3C standards. Recent versions
have improved support for Web technologies such as CSS,JavaScript, and various server-side
scripting languages and frameworks including ASP (ASP JavaScript, ASP VBScript,
ASP.NET C#, ASP.NET VB), ColdFusion, Scriptlet, and PHP.
Wamp
WAMP, "Windows, Apache, MySQL, and PHP", an application server platform.
WAMP may also refer to:
WAMP (FM), a radio station (88.1 FM) licensed to Jackson, Tennessee, United States
Web Application Messaging Protocol, a network protocol that provides Remote
Procedure Calls and Publish & Subscribe in oneWebSocket based protocol.
CONCLUSION
+
The summer training at Genx Soft Technologies, JAIPURhas been a unique experience for
me as it helped me to acquire practical knowledge and trends.
The practical training atGenx Soft Technologies, JAIPUR, provided me a golden opportunity
to increase my knowledge in Web Designing and Web Development. W we have learnt the
use of software Dreamweaver which we have not used before. It also helps me to increase the
basic knowledge of HTML, CSS and all the other platforms on which we have worked. This
45 days training was very helpful for us in clearing our concept and helps us to learnt new
concepts.
Akanksha Thakur

Internship Report On Online Dispensary Management

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SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT

Dr. PRASUN CHAKRABARTI

SPSU, Udaipur (Raj).

Sir PadampatSinghania University

I Akanksha Thakur student of Sir PadampatSinghaniaUniversity ,Udaipur, hereby declare

Enroll. No. : _________________________

AKANKSHA THAKUR /SPSU/CSE/GENEX SOFT/2015-16/Page/2

Dr. PRASUN CHAKRABARTI

Akanksha Thakur/SPSU/CSE/Genex Soft/2015-16/Page/3

Akanksha Thakur/SPSU/CSE/Genex Soft/2015-16/Page/4

We have developed a project on Online Dispensary Management System on a PHP

CSS(Cascading Style Sheets)

Akanksha Thakur/SPSU/CSE/Genex Soft/2015-16/Page/6

Jquery And Bootstrap

PHP And MySql

Akanksha Thakur/SPSU/CSE/Genex Soft/2015-16/Page/7

Name of figure or chapter

Webpage Using Bootstrap

Akanksha Thakur/SPSU/CSE/Genex Soft/2015-16/Page/8

HyperText Markup Language

Cascading Style Sheets

Structure Query Language

Extensible Markup Language

Extensible HyperText Markup Language

Asynachronous JavaScript and XML

Document Object Model

Javascript object and notation

Active Server Pages

Practical Extraction and Report Language

Application Program Interface

1.1 HISTORY OF GENX

Akanksha Thakur/SPSU/CSE/Genex Soft/2015-16/Page/9

GENX SOFT TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD Was Established in 2010 At Jaipur,

one of the leading brands in global IT market. GENX SOFTWARES has

Companys Competitive Key Issues:-

Young, Energetic & Experienced Team.

Akanksha Thakur/SPSU/CSE/Genex Soft/2015-16/Page/2

We use some important methodology to work:

Eagerness to work creative & hard for clients positive feedback.

Akanksha Thakur/SPSU/CSE/Genex Soft/2015-16/Page/3

Special Facilities for Outsourcing & Working Process:We

Akanksha Thakur/SPSU/CSE/Genex Soft/2015-16/Page/4

LTD follows different models of International Work process.

Our Engagement Model:-

Akanksha Thakur/SPSU/CSE/Genex Soft/2015-16/Page/5

1.2 Company Profile

About the Company

Software & Development Division.

Training & Development Division.

Technical Support Division.

Akanksha Thakur/SPSU/CSE/Genex Soft/2015-16/Page/6

Online 24*7 hours Service Support.

Akanksha Thakur/SPSU/CSE/Genex Soft/2015-16/Page/7

Project & Software Documentation for meeting deadlines & commitments.

Expert Council & live technical assistance.

Unique client ID & Remote Project Assistance.

Status Alert of project & Online development.

Complete Analysis & Research work for your business

Converting Ideas in Innovations

Better Future with Status

Converting present challenges in Future Opportunities

Web Applications/ Website

College Management Software