APUSH Chapter 39 Review Sheet- Due Monday April 20

Tentative Reading Schedule-

Monday April 13- 916-923 stop at “struggle”
Tuesday April 14 923-931 stop at “bottling”
Wednesday April 15 931-937 stop at “Vietnam”
Thursday 937-941 stop at Cultured
Friday- Finish the chapter
Weekend- take a look at your review project

1. JFK has often been considered a “mythical” president . In the chart below please list why some
Americans were excited about Kennedy, vs. the actual DOMESTIC policies he was able to achive
Excitement regarding JFK Actual Domestic polices passed before his death
He was young and new, so was his cabinet. People *obstacles for JFK
were excited for some youthful change Developed the peace corps, a volunteer army that
It was said that the “best and brightest” were the helped teach American skills in under developed
advisors of the president, this got people pumped countries
His challenge of a “New Frontier” stirred the souls Tried to stop more recessions so he put a stop to
of many Americans. inflation, caused a whole big steel episode that
prompted JFK to scold big businesses

2. Please identify and explain (using full sentences) the historical significance of the following foreign
policy events/issues for JFK

Flexible Response-
Developing an array of military “options” that could precisely matched to the gravity of the crisis at hand.
Vienna Conference 1961-
Soviet premier Khrushchev threatened to make a treaty with east Germany and cut off Berlin from western
access. JFK, while shaken, did not let himself be bullied. The Berlin war was an effect of this meeting.
Trade Expansion Act –
Authorizing tariff cuts of up to 50 percent to promote trade with Common Market countries, led to a significant
increase in European trade
Congo and Laos-
A prime example of how the US was paying for all the UN stuff, and no one else was helping that much. When Congo
and Laos exploded after receiving independence, they received UN peacekeepers, none of which were US, but all of
which were funded by the US
JFK’s Vietnam policy-
American troops would go in to control the political stability of the country. This then turned into complete
army movements that would eventually turn into a war. It was pretty chaotic.
Alliance for Progress-
Hailed as the Marshel plan for Latin America, this plan’s primary goal was to help the Good Neighbors close the gap
between the callous rich and the wretched poor, and thus quiet communist chatter. The bailout was a failure.
Bay of Pigs invasion-
Kennedy planned to invade Cuba with anticommunist exiles that were trained and armed with American tools. They
were supposed to go in and perform a sweeping victory , yet the Cubans had other plans. No Cuban uprising met the
exiles at the bay, and when communist Cuba started to win the fight, Kennedy kept his policy of hands off and didn’t
interfere, leading to a huge loss. The thing was a failure from the start.
Cuban Missile Crisis
American spy planes revealed nuclear tipped missiles being installed by Soviet Union specialists. Kennedy ordered a
complete navel blockade of Cuba until they agreed to take down the missiles. For a chilling week, the world stood on
hairs as it came the closest to world war III in modern history.
Nuclear test ban treaty
After the Cuban Missile Crisis, everyone just wanted the nuclear missile crisis to be put to bed before someone got
their eye shot out. This pact also created a “hotline” between the US and Soviet Russia, a direct line from the President
to the Kremlin in case of an emergency. The phone was obviously pretty popular in pop culture.

American University speech June 1963- (What is the change over time?)
Kennedy urged Americans to abandon a view of the Soviet Union as Devil-ridden land filled with fanatics and instead
to deal with the world “as it is, not as the last 18 years have depicted it”. Kennedy thus truly tried to set in place a peace
treaty in order to end the long frosted cold war. COT wise, This is really want America wanted. We saw ruthless red
hunters before, but Kennedy, whom was elected over Nixon mind you, is now establishing solid peace foundations.
3. JFK Civil Rights timeline- Please explain the events that happened in the following areas…

Political opposition for JFK

Many black voters were disgruntled by the fact that Kennedy had promised equal rights and had done nothing in his so
far 2 years of office. Many sent pens to the white house in an “Ink for Jack” campaign to hurry along Kennedy’s
promised laws.
Freedom Riders 1960-
White mobs were torching Freedom Rider’s busses and brutally murdering them in street corners. Kennedy dispatched
federal troops to the south to calm the chaos as southern government was unwilling to do anything.
James Meredith at Ole Miss
James was a 29 year old air force veteran who tried to enroll in the University of Mississippi but was stopped by an
angry white protest. In the end, Kennedy sent in over 400 troops to fight through the mob and allow Meredith to enroll
in class.
Birmingham Alabama Spring 1963-
Martin Luther King Jr. Created a campaign to un-segregate the city, which was the most segregated in the country,
This was a huge civil rights boost as America saw on (color) television as peaceful protests were attacked by violent
white mobs. This led to sympathy for the African Americans
Kennedy Speech June-63 (What else happened on this night?)
Kennedy, unlike Eisenhower, came out with full support to the civil rights movement and promised to find a solution to
the problem before his term ended. On the very night, a civil service worker was shot and killed in Alabama.
MLK March on Washington August 1963
MLK led a huge March with over 300,000 supporters to Washington in response to Kennedy’s proposal to end the civil
rights crisis by the end of his term.
September 1963- Four girls in Birmingham church
Four black girls who had just finished their lesson called “The love that forgives” were killed in an explosion at a local
Baptist church.

In a few sentences please describe how Lyndon Johnson used the tragic death of JFK in the political
arena
Johnson played the empathy card towards congress in an effort to make them pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which
banned racial discrimination in all public facilities, including hospitals, theaters, and restaurants. Some argue that this
bill might have never passed if JFK was not tragically assonated. It also created the EEOC or Equal Employment
Opportunity, which allowed for blacks and whites alike to compete equally in the workplace. Johnson also tried to
squeeze in sexual equality to appeal to feminist voters in the upcoming re-election, yet this tactic failed, not to mention
brutally backfired.
Please describe the platform of Republican challenger Barry Goldwater- why is he considered the
founder of the modern “conservative” movement?
Goldwater ‘s platform was based off of attacking the federal income tax, the social security system, the Tennessee
Valley Authority, Civil rights legislation, the nuclear test-ban treaty, and most loudly, the Great Society. His platform
sparked the modern conservative movement which aimed for a small government, hence his platform was based off
eradicating such programs as the TVA and social security system.
Please define the following terms:

Gulf Of Tonkin Incident-

Allegedly, two American navy ships were fired upon by North Vietnamese ships which prompted a small shootout
between the naval ships. It was a very confusing and started basely off of rumors from both sides.
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Johnson claimed the incident was “unprovoked” and ordered nothing more to be done as he wanted no further war,
insisting that Goldwater did.

Please list the different agencies created in LB Johnson’s “Great Society” p 929
Johnson created two new cabinets, the Department of Transportation and the Department of Housing and Urban
Development, otherwise known as HUD. He also named the first black secretary in the nation’s history, Robert C.
Weaver. Other noteworthy laws established the National endowments for the arts and the Humanities, designed to lift
the level of American cultural life.
Please complete the table by filling in the specific improvements made in the following four areas

Education Johnson neatly avoided the thorny question of separation of church and state by
channeling educational aid to students, not schools, thus allowing funds to flow to
hard-pressed parochial institutions
Medical Johnson established Medicare and Medicade which provided health care to the elderly and
poor. These new steps brought in much praise and protest as people were angry over the huge
spike in taxes they created.
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 abolished the “national origins” quota system and
Immigration doubled the amount of immigrants allowed to enter annually. It also put in place many family
unification laws allowing immigrants to stay if they became or were family in the US
Civil Rights Act 1964
Gave the federal governments more muscle to enforce school disaggregation orders and to
Civil Rights prohibit racial discrimination in all kinds of public accommodations and employment.
EEOC
Employment equality Overall Committee, helped to establish fair and equal pay for all races.
Affirmative Action by Executive Order-
Johnson had many times set in forth national guards to help out the civil rights movement, and
the 24th amendment was his national guard that would forever sit next to Uncle Sam on the
constitution.
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party-
Was denied a seat on the Mississippi senate by judicial review as they were viewed as a threat
to constructional values.
Freedom Summer 1964 and the results-
Student volunteers from the north helped blacks all over the south register in the ballots as the
poll tax had been officially eliminated with the 24th amendment
Selma Alabama 1965 and Johnson’s reaction-
In the course of only 1 week, over 5 blacks were brutally murdered. Johnson went on national
TV and issued an emotional addresses calling for a stop to the violence and chaos
Voting Rights Act 1965-
Outlawed literacy tests and sent federal voter registrars into several southern states

Using Complete sentences please explain the significance of the following events as they relate to the
Civil Rights movement in the 1960’s

Watts Riots 1965

Violent riots led in a black ghetto in Los Angeles. Blacks who were sick and tired of police brutality lit streets and
houses on fire. In the end, 22 blacks and 3 whites lay dead. Violence was erupting in black committees all to fast as
they celebrated their freedom.
Malcolm X-
Charismatic black preacher who preached on behalf of the islam religion and towards the end of his career preached
violence to the community, and was gunned down by anti-islam people.
Black Power Movement-
The uproar of black Americans after they were given their freedoms and now had to “integrate” into American society.
Sadly, many of these movements led to violence and thousands lay dead in the aftermath
Stokely Charmical and the Black Panthers
Violent groups of blacks that argued for immense immersion into American Society.
Black Separatism
Blacks, who had just won a much deserved freedom, were now starting to riot as they were pushing towards being
immerse inside American society. They were still separated by the ugly walls of the ghetto
Riots in 1967-
Riots shot up in ’67 as MLK was killed by an angry white man. Over 40 people died in the aftermath
*Find someone who lived in Milwaukee in the 1960’s and ask them about Father Groppi and the
Milwaukee Riots in the late 60’s . Please write down what they remember.
He was outrageous. He would lead all kinds of rallies and do things that the church told him not to do. Was a big
embarrassment to the church. Would use real weird stuff, when he would preach only say what he wanted to be said,
left out a ton of stuff.
Johnson’s Foreign Policy – Using complete Sentences please explain the significance of the events
listed here (what happens, why is it important)

1. Dominican Republic and return to “Gunboat Diplomacy”

The Dominican Republic was leaning somewhat towards communism, in response to this, Johnson sent out American
Naval ships to blockade the island. Critics blasted him as they claimed his response to everything was but a gunboat
around it.
2. Pleiku
Viet cong guerrillas attacked an American Air base at Pleiku, South Vietnam. Johnson immediately ordered a US
bombing raid on North Vietnam and for the first time ordered US ground troops to attack as well
3. Operation Rolling Thunder
An operation that had escalated off of the attack in Pleiku and conducted regular air bombings on North Vietnam.
Before 1965 ended, over 184,000 US troops were involved.
4. Escalation into Vietnam
Johnson and his advisors believed that if they steadily pushed up troops in Vietnam, it would escalate to a point where
US troops would completely control Vietnam, yet they were wrong
Complete the chart below by describing the reactions of Europeans and Domestic America towards
our increasing involvement into Vietnam.
European Reactions Domestic America
France- Teach-ins
Charles de Gualle, suspicious of American intentions, Teachers taught in as a anti-war protest towards the war
ordered NATO off French soil in ‘66 Fulbright Hearings-
USSR- Senator Fulbright led a series of staged television
With the US busy in ‘Nam, the USSR was free to expand viewings where people were able to express their feelings
in the Mediterranean area, including Egypt and the six on the war, most of it was largely anti-war, and the
day war in June of ‘67 American people were disgusted with the war even more
Israel- Credibility Gap
Emerged from the smoke of the six day war in June of ’67 American people felt deceived, they felt that they had
with new territory. While the US was goofing off in been tricked into thinking that the war was much more
‘Nam, the rest of the world was falling apart. winnable then it really was. Nobody trusted, nor believed
the government in large anti-war protests

Snakebite- IN a brief paragraph please explain the “Cointelpro” program, how it violated civil
rights, and link it to three other times in US history where government laws/ programs appeared to
infringe upon the Bill of Rights.
Cointelpro program was a program created by Johnson to spy on anti-war protesters as they were really starting to
make an impact and bug Johnson. The FBI did their dirty work and accused large protesters of being communistic and
arresting them. This severely hurt the FBI as they looked more like a state’s secret police then a protector of American
Values. This goes back to president Wilson’s days of ordering no anti-war protests during WWI to be shut down,
Lincoln’s days of shutting out the anti-slavery rights during the civil war era, and the overturn of the Fredrick douglas
case, all cases that infringed upon the bill of rights.
1968 was a really bad year (I was born in this year….coincidence?) Please briefly explain the events
that happened on the following dates
January 1968- Tet-
During tet, which is Vietnamese new year, the North violently launched a surprise attack on 27 Key Southern cities.
Althouth they were eventually fought off with heavy losses, this proved that Johnson’s peace strategy was a huge swing
and a miss.
March 12, 1968- New Hampshire
Eugene McCarthy gathered together a “childrens crusade” against Vietnam and ran a well planned campaign in New
Hampshire, ringing doorbells, he was very successful
March 16, 1968- New York (RFK)
Robert Kennedy, the brother of past away John Kennedy, led a very similar campaign in New York, and became closer
to the Presidency then LBJ could ever have hoped for. It was madness
March 31, 1968 (President Johnson)
Johnson went on national TV and prompted his plan off backing off of Vietnam, and finally letting the South
Vietnamese take control over the situation. The speech simply saved Johnson from being hated by the entire country,
everyone simply found him acceptable from then on.
April 4- Memphis Tennessee
More riots erupted in the area, resulting in even more deaths
June 5, Los Angeles
Robert F Kennedy is shot by an Arab immigrant, resentful of Kennedy’s Pro Israel views. This crushed the Democratic
party as he was the leading candidate.
August - Chicago
Please create a chart below of the Presidential election depicting who ran, what party did they run
for, and what was their platform
Hubert H. Humphrey-Democratic Candidate. Took over after Kennedy was shot. At first they were all about peace
talks and ending the war, but after the democratic convention officials were angry with growing protests and now
argued that they should send even more troops in order to demand surrender from the North
Nixon- The republican candidarte, swamped over Johnson’s Humphrey and took the ballot in ’68. Nixon was well
known before as he had been vice president and more likely known for being a ruthless red hunter during the
communist scare. Nixon emerged victories as Vietnam proved to be less a crucial issue then expected. Humphrey was
just too scarred by the LBJ brand and thrown out.
IN a paragraph, please analyze the Presidency of Lyndon Johnson, overall would you categorize this
as a success or a failure? Be sure to back up you argument with solid analysis.
The presidency of Lyndon Johnson was solid and strong at first. He swept in after Kennedy’s assassination and retook
the nation by storm with his civil rights movements. He alone can probably be credited with helped to put equality back
into the United states. However, he much too quickly sunk into Vietnam and only went downhill from there. The
thousands of troops going over there to fight some pointless war single handily ruined his presidency. Because of this
war, the American people distrusted the government more and more. The government had put them in a war they didn’t
want to be in, drafted them to a fight they didn’t want, and then spied on them through the FBI, which led to an ever
greater distrust in that. Overall, Johnson started solid, but just threw away his presidency with the war with ‘nam.
Now it is your turn- Please complete the rest of the chapter by creating your own section on the
counterculture movement. Be very thorough as this is an incredibly important time in our history,
especially considering the new VALUES that are being introduced.

Describe in a brief paragraph what happened at UCB in 1964

Everywhere in 1960s America a newly negative attitude toward all kinds of authority took hold. Disillusioned by the
discovery that American society was not free of racism, sexism, imperialism, and oppression, many young people lost
their morals. One of the first organized protests against established authority took place at the University of California
Berkeley in 1964. In Free Speech movement. Leader Mario Savio condemned the impersonal university “machine”.
Angered by the war in Vietnam, some middle class sons and daughters became radical political rebels.

Define the Sexual Revolution

The introduction of birth control pills made unwanted pregnancies something of the past. By the 1960s, gay men and
lesbians were increasingly emerging and demanding sexual tolerance
Mattachine Society
Founded in 1951, it was an advocate for gay rights. Worries in the 1980s of AIDS and other sexually transmitted
diseases finally slowed the sexual revolution.

SDS
Students for a Democratic society, had by the end of the 1960s, spawned an underground terrorist group called the
weatherman. This should how truly rebellious the youth of America were becoming.

The three Ps
The upheavals of the 1960s could largely attributed to the three Ps: The youthful population bulge, protest against
racism and the Vietnam war, and the apparent permanence of prosperity